The Sustainable The Sustainable Livelihoods FrameworkLivelihoods Framework
• It’s ONE WAY of “organising” the complex issues surrounding POVERTY
• It’s NOT the ONLY WAY• It needs to be:
o Modifiedo Adaptedo Made appropriate to local
circumstanceso Made appropriate to local priorities
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Livelihoods assetsLivelihoods assets
Financial Capital
NaturalCapital
Social Capital
Physical Capital
Human Capital
The Poor
Slide 2
IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Human CapitalHuman Capital• Health• Nutrition• Education• Knowledge and skills• Capacity to work• Capacity to adapt
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Natural CapitalNatural Capital• Land and produce
• Water & aquatic resources
• Trees and forest products
• Wildlife
• Wild foods & fibres
• Biodiversity
• Environmental services
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Social CapitalSocial Capital• Networks and connections
o patronageo neighbourhoodso kinship
• Relations of trust and mutual support• Formal and informal groups• Common rules and sanctions• Collective representation• Mechanisms for participation in decision-making• Leadership
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Physical CapitalPhysical Capital• Infrastructure
• transport - roads, vehicles, etc.• secure shelter & buildings• water supply & sanitation• energy• communications
• Tools and techology• tools and equipment for production• seed, fertiliser, pesticides• traditional technology
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Financial CapitalFinancial Capital• Savings
• Credit/debt - formal, informal, NGOs
• Remittances
• Pensions
• Wages
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
The Asset MixThe Asset Mix• Different households with different
access to livelihood “assets”
• Livelihoods affected by:o diversityof assetso amount of assets o balance between assets
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
So……..So……..Human capital• labour capacity• no education• limited skillsNatural capital• landless• access to common property resourcesFinancial capital• low wages• no access to creditPhysical capital• poor water supply• poor housing• poor communicationsSocial capital• low social status• descrimination against women• strong links with family & friends• traditions of reciprocal exchange= an extremely reduced “livelihood pentagon”
Landlessfemale
agricultural labourer
Financial Capital
Social Capital
Physical Capital
Human Capital
Natural Capital
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
“Vulnerability” Context• Shocks
– Floods, droughts, cyclones– Deaths in the family– Violence or civil unrest
• Seasonality• Trends and changes
– Population– Environmental change– Technology– Markets and trade– Globalisation
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
FP
H
NS The Poor
Vulnerability
ContextShocks
SeasonalityTrends
Changes
“Vulnerability” Context
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Policies, Institutions & Processes
• Policies • of government• of different LEVELS of government• of NGOs• of interational bodies
• Institutions
• Processes
• political, legislative & representative bodies
• executive agencies• judicial bodies• civil society & membership
organisations• NGOs• law, money• political parties• commercial enterprises & corporations• the “rules of the game”• decision-making processes• social norms & customs• gender, caste, class• language
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
PoliciesInstitutio
nsProcesses
FP
H
NS The Poor
Vulnerability
ContextShocks
SeasonalityTrends
Changes
influence
Policies, Institutions & Processes
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Livelihood StrategiesCombining:• the assets they can access
Taking account of:• the vulnerability context
Supported or obstructed by:• policies, institutions and processes.
………..………..leading to
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Livelihood OutcomesPoverty - a “poor” livelihood outcome:
• based on a fragile or unbalanced set of livelihood assets
• unable to sustain to shocks, changes or trends
• not supported, or actively obstructed by policies, institutions and processes that do not allow assets to be used as they might
• livehood options combined in a “bad” or unsustainable strategy
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
PoliciesInstitutio
nsProcesses
NS
FP
H
The Poor
Vulnerability
ContextShocks
SeasonalityTrends
Changes
influenceLivelihoodStrategies
LivelihoodOutcomes
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IFAD SL Workshop
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
