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THE
TEACHINGS OF
ISLAM
Essential Question:What are the major
teachings of Islam?
ISLAM’S ORIGIN
Islam is a religion that was founded in the early 600s
in Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia)
ISLAM’S ORIGINAn Arabian named Muhammad was
inspired to become a prophet after a
vision of the angel Gabriel told him he was sent to Earth by God to do so
The new religion he invented would be called Islam and his followers called
Muslims
BELIEFS OF ISLAMMuslims
(as well as Jews and
Christians) all trace
their origins back to
Abraham, who was
the “father of the
Hebrews”
BELIEFS OF ISLAM
According to Muslim belief, the words of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad are what makes up the
Qur’an, which is Islam’s holy book
BELIEFS OF ISLAM
Muslims believe that the Jews’ Torah and the Christians’ Bible are also God’s word, but they believe that the
Qu’ran is God’s FINAL revelation to the world, showing the way God wants people to behave and worship
BELIEFS OF ISLAM
Because the Muslims respect parts of the
Bible and Torah, they consider Christians
and Jews “People of the Book”
BELIEFS OF ISLAM
Islam is monotheistic,
worshipping only one God (the same God of Judaism and Christianity)
BELIEFS OF ISLAM
BELIEFS OF ISLAM
The rules and guidelines Muslims go by in regards to their religious practices are
called the Five Pillars of Islam
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SHAHADAH
The First Pillar is called shahadah, or “profession of faith”, in which Muslims declare their belief in one God and in Muhammad’s role as the final prophet
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SHAHADAH
“There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God”
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SHAHADAH
Shahadah means Muslims not only believe in God (or
“Allah”), but pledge their submission to God to gain the
reward of Heaven in the afterlife
Muslims share the same Judeo-Christian belief that God
rewards good people with Heaven and punishes evil
people with Hell
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SALAT
The Second Pillar is Salat, which means “daily ritual prayer”;
prayer must be done five times per day (dawn, noon, midday,
sunset, and at night)
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SALAT
Before praying, Muslims must perform
ritual washings of their hands, arms,
face, and feet
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SALATMuslim places of
worship are called mosques; however,
Muslims may worship anywhere
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SALAT
Wherever they are in the world, Muslims face in the direction of Mecca when they pray
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: ZAKATThe Third Pillar is “zakat”,
which means “alms-giving”; this is giving money to the poor
Muslims believe sharing wealth makes it pure and
helps control greed
Zakat is similar to the charitable donations
made by Jews and Christians to support
their communities
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: ZAKATAccording to Islam, Muslims must donate one-fortieth (or 2.5%) of their income with their poorer neighbors
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SIYAM The Fourth Pillar is Siyam, or fasting
(going without food)
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SIYAM Muslims fast during the month
of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar
Ramadan honors the month Gabriel revealed God’s message
to Muhammad
Muslims go without food or drink from sunrise to sunset,
then attend special prayer sessions at mosques
Fasting teaches them self-control and reminds them of what it
would be like to be poor
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: SIYAM
Ramadan ends with a
celebration feast day called
Eid al-Fitr
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: HAJJ
The Fifth Pillar is “hajj”, which is a pilgrimage to the city of Mecca; every 12 months in the Islamic calendar, millions of Muslims gather at Mecca
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: HAJJ Part of the five days of rituals is circling the Ka’aba seven times while conducting prayers and dressed in simple white clothing
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: HAJJ
The purpose of the hajj is to promote fellowship and equality as Muslims from
many countries around the world meet in Mecca
They honor Abraham (who they believe built
the Ka’aba) and Muhammad and partake
in four days of feasts
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: HAJJ
All adult Muslims who are able to are expected to make the hajj once in their lifetime
JIHAD
“Jihad” means “to struggle”
Early Muslims considered battles
to defend their territory and expand their
empire to be a form of jihad
JIHAD
Muhammad declared that fighting with
enemies was “lesser jihad”, while the battle to control oneself was
the “greater jihad”
JIHAD
Unfortunately, many extremist Muslims
today see jihad as a battle against any non-
Muslims (“non-believers”) and use violence to achieve
their goals
SHARI’A LAW
Islamic law is shari’a, or “path to be followed”
The Qu’ran gives Muslims their duties to
God, while caliphs served as judges in
disputes
Shari’a law grew as the Muslims’ empire expanded, providing a guide for Muslim life
SHARI’A LAW
Shari’a law encourages some behaviors, while forbidding others, such as eating pork, drinking
alcohol, or gambling
Shari’a also commands women to “not show
their beauty”, so many Muslim women cover
themselves to one degree or another
Islam’s “Crescent Moon and Star” symbol; there are several theories about what it means
One is that the points of the Moon cover the ends of the Earth and the five points of the
Star represent the Five Pillars of Islam
Closure Activity: Review Quiz
Closure Activity: Review Quiz
Closure Activity: Review Quiz