THE TELEOLOGIES IN HUSSERLIAN PHENOMENOLOGY

ANALECTA HUSSERLIANA

THE YEARBOOK OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH

VOLUME IX

Editor:

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning

THE TELEOLOG IES IN HUSSERLIAN

PHENOMENOLOGY THE IRREDUCIBLE ELEMENT IN MAN

PART III

'Telos' as the Pivotal Factor of Contextual Phenomenology

Papers read at the VIth International Phenomenology Conference, University of ArezzojSiena, July I-July 6,1976

organized by

The International Husserl and Phenomenolof(ical Research Society. Belmont, Massachusetts, U.S.A. and

Centro Italiano di Fenomenologia, Rome Angela Ales Bello, Armando Rigobello, Mario San cipriano

Edited by

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY

DORDRECHT: HOLLAND / BOSTON: U.S.A.

LONDON: ENGLAND

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

International Phenomenology Conference, 6th, University of Arezzo/Siena, 1976. The teleologies in Husserlian phenomenology.

(Analecta Husserliana ; v. 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Husser!, Edmund, l859-l938-Congresses.

2. Phenomenology-Congresses. 3. Teleology-Congresses. I. Tymieniecka, Anna Teresa. II. Centro italiano di fenomenologia. III. International Husser! and Phenomenological Research Society. IV. Title. V. Series. B3279.H94A129 vol. 9 193 79-16411 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9439-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9437-9 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-9437-9

Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland

Sold and distributed in the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc.

Lincoln Building, 160 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Mass. 02043, U.S.A.

All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1979 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1979 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or

utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner

TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE THEME / The Teleologies in Husserlian Phenomenology ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv

INAUGURAL LECTURE

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA / Man the Creator and his Triple Telos 3

PART I: PROBLEMS OF TELEOLOGY IN THE SCIENCES

OF NATURE AND IN THE HUMAN SCIENCES

ANGELO CAPECCI / Final Causality and Teleological System in Aristotle 33

ERLI NG ENG / The Concept of Evolution and the Phenomenological Teleology 63

AURELIO RIZZACASA / The Epistemology of the Sciences of Nature in Relation to the Teleology of Research in the Thought of the Later HusserI 73

FRANCO BOSIO / The Teleology of "Theoresis" and "Praxis" in the Thought of HusserI 85

ENRICO GARULLI / The Crisis of Science as a Crisis of Teleological Reason 91

ROMANO ROMANI / "Erlebnis" and "Logos" in HusserI's Crisis of the European Sciences 105

PAR TIl: THE TELIC PRINC IPLES

A. TELOS AND THE CONSTITUTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS 117

RUDOLF BERNET / Perception as a Teleological Process of Cognition 119

vi T ABLE OF CONTENTS

DAVID CARR / Interpretation and Self-Evidence 133 BERNARD P. DAUENHAUER / The Teleology of Consciousness:

Husserl and Merleau-Ponty 149 SERGE V ALDINOCI / Phenomenologie et Teleologie (Reprise des

Questions de Fond) 169

B. TELEOLOGY OF THE PERSON AND OF HUMAN EXISTENCE 183

PAOLO VALORI / Moral Experience and Teleology 185 ARMANDO RIGOBELLO / The Person as the Accomplishment of

Intentional Acts 193 CARDINAL KAROL WOJTYLA / The Transcendence of the Person

in Action and Man's Self-Teleology 203 JEFFNER ALLEN / Teleology and Intersubjectivity 213 M. R. BARRAL / Teleology and Intersubjectivity in Husserl- Reflec-

tions 221 FILIPPO LlVERZIANI / Teleology and Inter-Subjectivity in Religious

Knowledge 235 FERDINANDO L. MARCOLUNGO / The Phenomenological Horizon

and the Metaphysics of the Person According to Giuseppe Zamboni 249 EUGENIO BORGNA / The Melancholic Consciousness of Guilt as a

Failure ofIntersubjectivity 255

C. FINITENESS AND THE "FORM OF ALL FORMS" 267

Section I: Telos of History 269

BIANCA MARIA CUOMO D'IPPOLITO / The Theory of the Object and the Teleology of History in Edmund Husserl 271

JOSE LUIS SANTALO / The Destruction of Time by History 275 PAOLA RICCI SINDONI/Teleology and Philosophical Historiogra-

phy: Husserl and Jaspers 281 PIERRE TROTIGNON / The End and Time 301 S. STRASSER / History, Teleology, and God in the Philosophy of

Husserl 317

Section II: Eschatology and the "Form of All Forms" 335

ANGELA ALES BELLO / Teleology as "The Form of All Forms" and the Inexhaustibility of Research 337

MARIO SANCIPRIANO / Teleology and the Constitution of Spiritual Forms 353

T ABLE OF CONTENTS vii

ELiO COSTANTINI I Metaphysics of Beginning and Metaphysics of Foundation 367

A. L. KELKEL I History as Teleology and Eschatology: HusserI and Heidegger 381

CLOSURE

PAUL RICOEUR I Conclusion Arezzo 415

COMPLEMENTARY SECTION: PHENOMENOLOGY IN ITALY

ANTONIO BRANCAFORTE I A Historical Note on the Presence of Brentano in Sicily and on the First Links of Italian Culture with the Phenomenology of HusserI 429

ROSELIN A SALEMI I Antonio Banfi, the First Italian Interpreter of Phenomenology 441

ROSELINA SALEMI I Bibliography of Husserlian Studies in Italy with an Introduction by Angela Ales Bello 461

INDEX 487

THE THEME

THE TELEOLOGIES IN HUSSERLIAN PHENOMENOLOGY

What issue has been more neglected in phenomenological scholarship than the problem of Telos?

In his last book, Hussed characterizes the historical process of Western humanity as the progressive elucidation of the rationale of man's existence within his life-world, with transcendental phenomenology as its telos. He interprets phenomenology, then, as the culminating stage of the philosophical foundation of all knowledge. And since the progress of knowledge is identified with the constitution of the forms of the life-world, the development of Western civilization can be seen as tending toward the final stage of transcen-dental phenomenology.

A deeper investigation of the nature of the constitutive progress of man and of his life-world, as conceived by Hussed, provides a glimpse of the telos of this very progress. The idea occurs at various stages and in different con-texts in the development of Hussedian thought, but these instances are little more than hints dropped in passing. It is, therefore, little wonder that. they have received scarcely any attention. They appear in a fuller light only in Hussed's personal notices in the latest publications of his posthumous work.

In point of fact, starting from ordinary givenness and its simplest forms, the constitutive genesis of man and his life-world unfolds progressively more and more complex structures. A categorial system of forms thus emerges, com-parable to the hierarchical net of Plato's ideas, within which Hussed attributes a special role to the "form of all forms." It emerges as the ultimate telos of the constitutive process. In his recently published personal notices, the ulti-mate telos is identified with the idea of God: it is the "absolute reason," the ethos of humanity in constitutive progress.

Hussed's analysis did not encompass the complete range of the constitutive unfolding of man and of his life-world, which spreads in all directions. His personal reflections, which have only recently been published, lead one to wonder whether he did not reach a limit beyond which his investigation could not advance. Indeed, the ultimate telos seen as "absolute reason" is merely the prolongation of the rational thread of constitution. Yet, the thread of constitutive rationale does not reach the empirical conditions of its own origin and advance. Had he pursued his reflections further, he might have taken a

Tymieniec/az (ed.), Analecta Husserliana, Vol. IX, ix-xiv. All Rights ReseTJIed. Copyright © 1979 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.

ix

x THE THEME

new tum with respect to his previous eidetic and transcendental conclusions, and thus been obliged to begin, as it were, from a wholly new standpoint. His alleged utterance on his deathbed of a regret that his life is ending, at the very moment when "he could start all over again," expresses the very genius of Husserl. Indeed, we may wonder whether he would not be led to seek the ultimate telos different from that of "the form of all forms," and whether the framework laid down by Hussed would not have to be shattered, to accom-plish this aim.

Here, the idea of "telos", not restricted to the constitutive genesis but as an i"educible principle of the total phenomenological project, must be made the focus of our attention and investigation.

The conception of telos in Husserlian phenomenology has so far appeared merely as the postulate of the processlike nature of the transcendental con-stitution of man and of his individual, personal, social, and cultural world. Consequently, when I invited scholars to collaborate on a common investiga-tion of the "teleologies in Husserlian phenomenology" to be presented at our Arezzo conference, the plural (namely, "teleologies") of the proposal met with considerable surprise. In his reply, a noted historian of the phenom-enological movement expressed incredulity if not misgivings. And yet, in general, the project elicited considerable interest and met with great enthusi-asm, of which the present volume is but one manifestation.

We might say that the topic of our conference has remained hidden in the recesses of Husserlian reflection, concealed by the strata of other themes; and that, after a long germination, it has now come forth in a mature form. Yet, there were obstacles in the way; and we should, therefore, consider the condi-tions which favor such investigations as those presented at the Arezzo con-ference. Finally, we must ask how did the multiple teleologies manifest them-selves in our common investigation?

1. To begin with the last question: the present book, which by its organi-zation and coherence of thought and style might as well have been written by several authors working in common, is the result of the enthusiasm evoked by our original proposal. Each of our contributors, in fact, has found within his specific field of research, as approached from the phenomenological point of view, an intrinsic telic principle, a result the more remarkable when we consider that the fields of specific research extend from psychiatry through the methodology of science, historiography, anthropology, and natural science, to the spirituailife, the sacred, and eschatology. Within each of these seemingly separated fields phenomenological insight has laid bare a telic prin-ciple which appears as a fragment of a larger pattern. Indeed, the fragmentary

THE THEME xi

telic elements, partly completing each other, partly confirming each other's presence within a different realm of investigation, seem to fall into one vast pattern. Its arteries are still merely outlined. They emerge dimly but with a forceful, suggestive impact. The question then arises: "Are we not facing a vast network of purposeful organization at the heart of the HUMAN CON-DITION?"

The problem of the telos appears, moreover, as the point of convergence of disparate scholarly pursuits if carried out within the phenomenological perspective.

2. Despite the fact that the idea of "telos" in Husserl's reflection has already been established, yet it is not the telos of the transcendental constitu-tion that has inspired the present volume.

On the contrary, the idea of the "teleological" network inherent to the phenomenological program of the reconstruction of the human universe, arose from the subject matter itself in my research in cosmology, creative experience, and the sacred. The presence of the telos in the study of the sacred has since found confirmation in publications by both Angela Ales Bello and Mario Sancipriano, whose collaboration in our cornmon venture is evident. At the same time, my researches into creative experience have played a critical role in fostering a congenial environment for the emergence of the idea of "teleology" in its widest significance.

Indeed, it is now time to retrieve the hitherto concealed, if not overlooked, significance of the problem. On the one hand, the analysis of the creative [unction of man has broken down the rigid system of intentionality to reveal the profound recesses of the subliminal dimensions. On the other hand, the renewed investigation of the Husserlian texts have pointed to the same ante-predicative realm by stating the presence of what M. Ricoeur calls "The surplus of meaning" within early Husserl's seemingly strictly defmed notions.

Thus freed from the rigid methodological presumptions of the rational framework as well as from one-sided interpretations, phenomenological terri-tory is ready for the tel os to be investigated as the guiding insight or intuition of the phenomenologist Master.

3. As is well known, the fertility of the philosophical body of thought does not lie in its explicitly developed themes but in the profound insights and intuitions that have inspired their treatment. It is the richness of these insights of the human mind wrestling with the enigmatic nature of being that carries the quest of an original thinker like Husser!'

He attempts in his investigation, doctrine, or theory to fmd appropriate conceptual means for their transmission. Although these insights may fail to

xii THE THEME

be developed and adequately conveyed by him, they present a challenge to other minds which, penetrating beyond his original reflection, will be led below its surface framework and seek deeper into its labyrinth. In the effort to reach the givenness through established theory, the interpreter is led again by these initial insights and intuitions. In order to retrieve them he may dis-claim, as provisory, the established framework of thought.

We may then need to break it and attempt to project a new one more apt to thematize this hidden set of insights and intuitions, as the founding and leading principles of the whole philosophical edifice. In short, to acknowledge their proper place this edifice has to be revised, reinterpreted and built up anew.

Indeed, with the removal of the barriers set by the hegemony of inten-tionality and the expansion of the phenomenological investigation into the CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS, which leads beyond the limits of intentionality and enlarges the criterion of the immediate givenness to the IRREDUCIBLE elements within man and the human condition, the TELOS emerges as the pivotal theme for a renewed phenomenological investigation as well as for a reinterpretation of the Husserlian endeavor approached from within.

4. It is with good reason that Paul Ricoeur presided over our Arezzo con-ference; also, it is not mere coincidence that it is to the Italian phenomenolog-ists that we owe, in large measure, the fruitful accomplishment of the under-taking. In fact, quite naturally, we may call it our "Italian enterprise."

It was Paul Ricoeur who first discussed the telos of history in Hussed and who was concerned with eschatology; and it is the humanistic tradition and spirit which pervades Italian philosophy which makes the Italian phenome-nologists particularly sensitive to this theme.

The intense interest which our convention awoke among Italian scholars has been characterized by Angela Ales Bello, in a report of the Conference published in Sapienza, as the "revival of phenomenology in Italy."

Although not well known abroad, phenomenology has taken deep root in Italian reflection, as we may judge from the following summary of Mario Sancipriano's account of the historical development of phenomenology in Italy.

The movement which originated in Germany at the beginning of this century with the advent of phenomenology was introduced to Italy in 1923 by Anthony Banfi in an original article dedicated to the LogiCllI Investigations and was acknowledged, ten years later, by Annibale Pastore, as a new mode of philosophizing which was to result in a renewal of logic itself. In 1939 there appeared a comprehensive introductory volume by Sofia Vanni Rovigili, The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl; we then had, with the

THE THEME xiii

contributions of other scholars, the first wave of phenomenological studies in Italy; but World War II halted its progress: not even in the immediate postwar era was there a noticeable revival. In 1955, however, after the congress at Gallarate (Varese) dedicated to phenomenology, there was a defmite renewal of interest in it: a new current of studies developed, tending toward a spiritualistic and from a certain aspect, realistic interpretation of Husserlian phenomenology. In this same line of inquiry a rereading of Bergson, from a phenomenological viewpoint, was proposed in 1957.

At the same time, Marxist students eager to discover the foundation of intersubjec-tive relations gathered round the periodical Aut-aut directed by Enzo Paci This provided impetus for the second wave of phenomenological studies, about the second half of the century. Critical investigations continued and various volumes of homage to Husserl were produced.

In 1959, phenomenology was presented as a "method"; but the publication of Husserl's later manuscripts actually came to confum phenomenology even further as a doctrine with its own speculative meaning. We then had in Italy numerous works con-ducted with rigor, historiographically, in order to reconstruct Husserlian phenomenology in its objective contents, independently from any ideology.

Today, we wish to propose again an objective reconstruction, with a "return to Husserl," to the central problems which interested him, and to his painstaking analyses. It was this same program - of the reconstruction of the authentic Husserlian philosophy and of return to its original sources - that the Study Group of the "International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society", Centro Italiano di FenomenologUz of Rome (which has promoted the present Congress), was constituted in 1975 by A.-T. Tymieniecka.

In a Western cultural world such as this, which has been accused of having destroyed reason, it may be useful to return to a philosophy which first reaffirms, in the method, the purity of Logic, and second rediscovers, in the content, the dynamism of human thought toward its rational end.

It is, accordingly, only natural that we have convened in the city of Arezzo, home of Petrarca and of Michelangelo, to debate in the spirit of a new Renais-sance the topic of telos - a humanistic topic par excellence!

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Now that the present volume containing the papers read at the 6th Inter-national Phenomenology Conference of The International Husser! and Phe-nomenological Research Society and of the affiliated Centro Italiano di Fenomen%gia, Rome, is published, it is the privilege of the Editor, who prepared the program of the Conference, to express her warmest thanks to all those who made this undertaking possible and who have allowed us to mobilize the international, but especially Italian, phenomenologists toward the common effort of clarifying a new aspect of Husserlian thought. In my role as program chairman, lowe, first of all, thanks to the organization com-mittee, that is, to Paul Ricoeur, who has acted as the President of the Confer-ence, Mario Sancipriano, the Vice-President, and Angela Ales Bello, the Secre-tary General, who have devoted themselves to making this event a success.

Furthermore, our thanks go to: The Honorary Committee, under the auspices of the 'Regione Toscana' /President A vv. L. Lagorio/, presided by Prof. M. Barni, President of the University of Siena, and composed by the following members: Prof. J. Chisholm /Dept. of Philosophy, Brown University, Providence, R.I./, Prof. B. D'Amore /University S. Tomaso d'Aquino, Rome/, Prof. A. Ducci Sindaco of Arezzo/, Dr. E. Eng IV eterans Administration Hospital, Lexington, Ky., U.S.A./ Prof. H. G. Gadamer /University of Heidel-berg/, Prof. J. Kockelmans /Dept. of Philosophy, Penn. State University/, Prof. E. Levinas /University of Paris/, Prof. W. Mays /University of Manches-ter/, Prof. Werner Marx /Freiburg/, Prof. J. N. Mohanty /The New School of Social Research, New York/, Prof. S. Nicolosi /University of Siena/, Prof. H. Nitta /Psychiatric Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan/, Prof. J. C. Piguet /Institute of Philosophy, Univeristy of Lausanne/, Prof. G. Previtali /Univer-sity of Siena/, Prof. P. Prini /University of Rome/, Prof. M. Rossi /University of Siena/, Prof. M. Salmi /President of 'Accademia Petrarca' of Arezzo/, S. E. Card. K. Wojtyla /Cracovia, Poland/, Prof. D. Wyss /Institute of Psychiatry, University of Wtirzburg, Germany/, Prof. S. Strasser /University of Nijmegen, Holland/, Prof. H. Tatematsu /Nansen University, Nagoya, Japan/, Prof. L. Tassinari /Assessore all'Istruzione, Regione Toscana/, Prof. S. Vanni Rovighi /Universita Cattolica, Milan/, Prof. D. Verzili /President of Monte dei Paschi, Siena.

Tymieniecka (ed.) , Analecta Husserliana, Vol. IX, xv-xvi. All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 1979 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.

xv

xvi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We give thanks also to the following institutions which offered their patronage:

Husserl's Archives of Louvain Husserl's Archives of New York /Prof. J. N. Mohanty/ Instituto di Filosofia della Religione, University of Rome /Prof. E. Castelli/ Husserl Circle, Waterloo, Canada Centro Internazionale di Studi e Relazioni Culturali, Rome IOn. Ie A. Salizzoni/ Centre d'Etudes PhenomenoIogiques et Hermeneutiques de Paris Husserl's Archives, Freiburg in Br.

THE EDITOR