The temperate zone

• Between the 45° and the 60° on both hemisphere • MAT is between 12°C and -10°C• MAR is great• 4 seasons • Dominated by west winds• 4 climate areas:

o Marine climate areao Continental climate areao semi-arid and arid climate areao Subarctic climate area

The marine climate area

• West coast of contintents

• MAT: 8-10°C

• MAR: low, 7-8°C

• Precipitation: even and aboundant, around 1500mm/year eluviation

• Dominated winds: westerly winds

• Seasons: cold, humid summer and mild, humid winter

• Water output and water level: even

• Landform processes: chemical weathering, work of rivers

• Natural vegetation: deciduousforest (oak and beech), peat bogs

• Soil: brown forest soil (rich inhumus, intensive eluviation)

The continental climate area

• Subtypes: oContinental warm summer – mean temp.of the warmest month exceeds

20°C

oContinental cool summer – mean temp. of warmest month doesnt exceed20°C

oContinental monsoon areas

• MAT: depends on the latitude, around 10°C

• MAR: 24-25°C

• Winds: west winds, cyclones

• Soil: brown forest soil

• Landform processes: chemical and mechanical weathering

• Vegetation: deciduous

forest, mixture of steppes

and trees

less prec.

• Seasons: 4 seasons, warm or

hot summer and cold winter

• Precipitation: 5-800mm, very

uneven, maximum in summer

• Water output and

water level: uneven

Continental monsoonclimate area

• East Asia

• very cold winter, warm summer

• abundant precipitation

Semi-arid climate areas

• MAT: 0-10°C

• MAR: 24-25°C

• Precipitation:3-500mm, uneven

• Winds: weaken west winds

• Landform processes: mechanical

weathering(frost shattering), erosion of winds

• Water level and water output: uneven

• Seasons: 4, warm or hot summer and col or

very cold winter

• Vegetation: grasslands

Steppe

Pampas

Prairie

• Soil: chernozem – black, high humus

content, slow eluviation

Arid climate areas

• Deserts and semi-deserts

• Great distance from the oceas

• MAT: 0-10°C

• MAR: 40-50°C

• Precipitation: less than 300mm

• Winds: local winds

• Vegetation: poor poor soil

• No constant rivers

• Landform processes: mechanical weathering, work of wind

The subarctic climate area

• MAT: -10-0°C

• MAR: 50-60°C

• Precipitation: 300mm

• Winds: westerly and polar easterly winds

• Seasons: 4, short and relatively warm summer and long, cold winter

• Rivers: forzen during 8-9 months

• Landform processes: frost shattering, land slides

• vegetation: coniferous forest,

taiga

• Soil: podzol – grey,

not fertile soil

Changes in the temperate zone

Precipitation

Vegetation

Wind

Climate

Soil

Water level and

water output

Vegetations in the temperate zone

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

Grasslands

Animals in the temperate zone