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O V]QMT HI ]LA PA_QDPAEAB]V IHP VQ@ED]]DBN O ZOZAP ]H @A
A\OEDBAM IHP O LDNLAP MANPAA
]la ]ldpm Laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%=
^d}l paiapabfa }h v`gaf} hi fhvehchnt db }la Zvamazdnpozlo# ~lo} mhav Zoc eaob
~lab la vzaokv hi }la }ldpm laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= 8
Gcdob Z"^"]lhezvhb
V}mab} Be`ap7 :4::
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]la ]ldpm Laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%=
Pavaopfl _qav}dhb
^d}l paiapabfa }h }la v`gaf} hi Fhvehchnt db }la Zvamazdnpozlo# ~lo} mhav
Zoc eaob ~lab la vzaokv hi }la }ldpm laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= 8
Db}phmqf}dhb
Db `h}l }la Hcm obm }la Ba~ ]av}oeab}v }la }ape }ldpm laoyab dv ihbm hbct hbfa#
boeact# obm ~lab d} dv eab}dhbam# yapt cd}}ca dv vodm o`h} d}" ]ldv fpao}av mdiidfc}dav
ihp `d`cdfoc vflhcopvldz# ihp d} vnnav}v }lo} o vo}dviof}hpt obv~ap }h }la qav}dhb#
~lo} mhav Zoc eaob# ~lab la vzaokv hi }la }ldpm laoyab 8 # eot bh} `a paomdct
oyodco`ca ~d}ldb }la `d`cdfoc fobhb d}vaci" Ov o pavc} d} `afheav bafavvopt }h a|oedba
}la ~pd}dbnv hi }la db}ap}av}oeab}oc zapdhm }h ovfap}odb ~lo} }la fhvehchndfoc `acdaiv
hi }la }dea ~apa# obm lh~ obm di }lat vlam obt cdnl} zhb Zocv }ldbkdbn hb }ldv
v`gaf}"
V}o}aeab} hi Zqpzhva
]la zpzhva hi }ldv zozap }lapaihpa# dv }h ovvavv ~lo} Zoc eot loya bmapv}hhm }la
}ldpm laoyab }h `a db cdnl} hi }la fhvehchndav ihbm db }la Vafhbm }aezca cd}apo}pa"
Cded}o}dhbv
]la fhccaf}dhb hi cd}apo}pa iphe }la db}ap}av}oeab}oc zapdhm dv bh}hpdhvct yov}
fhbvdv}dbn hi }la ]opnede# }la Po``dbdf Cd}apo}pa# }la Vaz}ondb}# }la _epob
Vfphccv# }la Zvamazdnpozlo# # }la ~pd}dbnv hi Zldch obm }la ~pd}dbnv hi Ghvazlv" Ma
}h vzo}doc cded}o}dhbv d} dv bh} zhvvd`ca }h fhbvdmap occ hi }la db}ap}av}oeab}oc cd}apo}pa
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lapa db ma}odc" Ehv} oboctvav hi }la }ldpm laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= loya
zphfaamam }lphnl o fhbfab}po}dhb hb }la Zvamazdnpozlo obm }ldv zozap ~dcc mh }la
voea" ]la Zvamazdnpozloc vhpfav }lo} ~dcc `a vam db }ldv zozap opa; ]la @hhk hi
}la cdia hi Omoe obm Aya# DD Abhfl# DDD @opfl obm ]la ]av}oeab} hi Cayd" Db cdka
eobbap# Vzo}doc cded}o}dhbv ocvh eaob }lo} hp oboctvdv hi }la }ldpm laoyab db }la
Ba~ obm Hcm ]av}oeab}v ~dcc `a cded}am }h fhezopo}dya ~hpm v}mdav# po}lap }lob }la
ehpa a|}abvdya fhezopo}dya fo}anhpt hi occvdhbv"
Ea}lhmhchnt
]ldv zozap ~dcc omhz} o fhezopo}dya ea}lhmhchnt" ]h va} }la fhb}a|} ihp fhezopo}dya
oboctvdv }ldv zozap ~dcc zphfaam ~d}l o fchva paomdbn hi }la fhbfaz} hi }la }ldpm
laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%=" ]ldv ~dcc `a ihcch~am `t ob oboctvdv hi }la fhbfaz}
hi }la }ldpm laoyab db }la Ba~ ]av}oeab}# }la Zvamazdnpozlo obm }la Hcm
]av}oeab}" Fhbfcvdhbv ~dcc }lab `a ayoco}am db cdnl} hi DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%="?
?" ]la ]ldpm Laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%=
?"? Db}phmqf}dhb
^d}ldb `d`cdfoc vflhcopvldz }hmot }lapa dv nabapoc onpaaeab} }lo} db DD Fhpdb}ldobv
?0"0%= Zoc dv vdbn o zapvhboc afv}o}df a|zapdabfa }h gv}dit ldv o}lhpd}t ov ob
ozhv}ca# db }la ~oka hi hzzhbab}v ~lh ~apa afv}o}dfocct dbfcdbam"0 Efl ma`o}a lov
? Qbcavv h}lap~dva v}o}am }la @d`ca ]a|}v db }ldv zozap ~dcc `a }okab iphe }la BPVY
]la Lhct @d`ca7 ]la Ba~ Paydvam V}obmopm Yapvdhb# Acaf}phbdf Amd}dhb ,Bovlydcca#
]B7 ]lheov Bacvhb Z`cdvlapv# ?4
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vpphbmam }la eo}}ap ov }h ~lo} Zoc db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= bmapv}hhm }la }ldpm
laoyab }h `a"
?"?"? ]la ]pomd}dhboc Zhvd}dhb hb }la }ldpm laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%=
]pomd}dhbocct vflhcopvldz lov bmapv}hhm }la a|zapdabfa hi Zoc db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0
obm yapva = ov `adbn mdv}dbf} iphe hba obh}lap# vhea vnnav} }lo} }lat ~apa vazopo}a
ayab}v# ~ldcv} h}lapv loya vnnav}am }lo} }la }ldpm laoyab obm zopomdva pazpavab} }la
}~h v}onav hi o vdbnca ayab}" 6 Vzzhp} ihp }ldv zhvd}dhb lov fab}pam ophbm ihp eodb
iao}pav; Idpv}ct # vflhcopv loya opnam }lo} bcavv db yapva 6 ibf}dhbv ov o eaobv
hi vazopo}dbn }~h mdiiapab} offhb}v# d}v zpzhva `afheav pambmob}"= Vafhbmct# vhea
loya opnam }lo} di DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"6%= dv gv} o paza}d}dhb hi DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0 obm
`h}l yapvav opa }lapa`t mavfpd`dbn }la voea ayab}# }lapa ~hcm `a bh baam ihp Zoc }h
pazao} ldevaci"1
]ldpmct# db vzzhp} hi }ldv zhvd}dhb h}lapv opna hb }la `ovdv }lo}
ehv} hi }la Zo}pdv}df ~pd}apv zphzhva o bh}dhb hi }~h vazopo}a poz}pav db DD
Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0"9 Ihp}lct# Ph~cobm lov vnnav}am }lo} `afova d} dv hbct db Zopomdva
}lo} Zoc laopv b}}apo`ca ~hpmv# obm bh vfl a|zapdabfa dv mavfpd`am db }la }ldpm
Lopyopm ]lahchndfoc Payda~# >%0?> ,z" 099$"Gapaet @oppdap# Ydvdhbv hi
^aokbavv7 Ozhfoctz}df Nabpa obm }la Dmab}didfo}dhb hi Zoc.v Hzzhbab}v db 0Fhpdb}ldobv ?07 ?%9#Pav}hpo}dhb _qop}apct# => ,0::1$# 66%=0 ,z" =0$"6 Obmpa~ Cdbfhcb#Zopomdva Bh~ obm Bh} Ta}7 V}qmdav db }la Phca hi }la Laoyabct
Mdeabvdhb db Zoqc.v ]lhqnl} ~d}l Vzafdoc Paiapabfa }h Avflo}hchnt ,Foe`pdmna7
Foe`pdmna Qbdyapvd}t Zpavv# ?4
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laoyab# Zoc eot loya lom o mdiiapab} a|zapdabfa db }la }ldpm laoyab }h }lo} hi
zopomdva">
?"?"0 ]la Ehmapb Zhvd}dhb hb }la ]ldpm laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%=
Pafab} Vflhcopvldz lh~ayap lov }abmam }h omhz} o mdiiapab} yda~# boeact# }lo} DD
Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= vzaokv hi hba bdidam offhb}" Db vzzhp} hi }ldv yda~ vflhcopv
loya bh}am }lo} Idpv}ct# ~lab DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= dv fhbvdmapam ov o bdidam
a|zapdabfa }la db yapva 6 mhav bh} `afhea pambmob}# Dbv}aom ovveav obm
ovfabvdya qocd}t fpao}dbn o fhbbaf}dya po}lap }lob o mdvgbf}dya cdbk `a}~aab
zopomdva db yapvav 0 obm }la }ldpm laoyab db yapva ="< Vafhbmct# Vflhcopv loya
vnnav}am }lo} }la paovhb ~lt Zoc hbct ndyav hba mavfpdz}dhb hi }la fhb}ab} hi
zopomdva# laop[dbnU }ldbnv }lo} opa bh} }h `a }hcm# }lo} bh ehp}oc dv zaped}}am }h pazao}
dv `afova la hbct lom hba a|zapdabfa"4
]ldpmct# db paco}dhb }h }la db}apzpa}o}dhb hi
}la zo}pdv}df io}lapv d} lom `aab bh}am }lo} }lat eot loya `aab qh}am chhvact obm
}lo} }lat ~apa dbicabfam `t oc}apam zapfaz}dhbv hi }la laoyabv" ?: Ihp}lct#
oc}lhnl d} dv hbct db zopomdva }lo} Zoc v}o}av }lo} la laopm }ldbnv }lo} opa bh} }h `a
}hcm# }lo} bh ehp}oc dv zaped}}am }h pazao}# Vhea hi }la Vafhbm ]aezca cd}apo}pa vfl
o DD Abhfl mavfpd`a zopomdva obm }la }ldpm laoyab ov }la voea }ldbn"?? Idi}lct# db DD
Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= hbct hba mo}a# ihp}aab taopv onh dv ndyab# }la ovvez}dhb `adbn
> Flpdv}hzlap Ph~cobm# ]la Hzab Laoyab7 O V}qmt hi Ozhfoctz}df db Gqmodve obm
Aopct Flpdv}dobd}t ,Chbmhb7 VZFK# ?44:"
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}lo} di }lapa ~apa }~h poz}pav hp }~h v}onav# Zoc ~hcm loya ndyab obh}lap mo}a"?0
Idbocct# Kcok maehbv}po}av }lo} db DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= }la }ape }ldpm laoyab obm
zopomdva opa db iof} zopoccac }h hba obh}lap db }la v}pf}pa hi }la zovvona"?6
?"?"6 Vqeeopt
^d}ldb `d`cdfoc vflhcopvldz }la aydmabfa ~adnlv laoydct db ioyhp hi }la
opneab} }lo} }la }ldpm laoyab obm zopomdva opa vtbhbtehv# ov vfl# }ldv dv }la
zhvd}dhb }lo} ~dcc ovveam db }ldv zozap"?= O} }la voea }dea lh~ayap# }la dbihpeo}dhb
ndyab `t Zoc hb }la }ldpm laoyab obm zopomdva dv yapt cded}am" DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%=
ocvh vlh~v }lo} obt o}}aez} }h bmapv}obm ~lo} Zoc eaobv ~lab la vzaokv hi }la
}ldpm laoyab# fobbh} mazabm hb DD Fhpdb}ldobv ?0"0%= ochba" ]ldv eokav d} bafavvopt
ihp v }h bh~ fhbvdmap lh~ }la }ldpm laoyab fob `a bmapv}hhm db cdnl} hi }la pav} hi
}la Ba~ ]av}oeab}"
0" ]la ]ldpm Laoyab obm Zopomdva db }la Ba~ ]av}oeab}
0"? Db}phmqf}dhb
^ldcv} }la }ape hffpv hbct hbfa db }la `d`ca# }ldv mhav bh} eaob }lo}
}la fhb}a|} ihp hp bmapv}obmdbn hi }la }ldpm laoyab dv cded}am }h hba }a|}" Hb }la
fhb}popt }la iof} }lo} }la }ldpm laoyab ,$ obm Zopomdva ,$
?0 Eop}db# \C# z" =:6"Cdbfhcb# z" >>"?6 Kcofk maehbv}po}av }lo} DD Fhpdb}ldobv 0a }lo} }ldv hba ~ov fonl} z }h }la }ldpmlaoyab obm =o }lo} la ~ov fonl} z db}h zopomdva opa zopoccac }h hba obh}lap# }la
mavdnbo}dhb }ldpm laoyab db }la idpv} v}obwo `afheav zopomdva db }la vafhbm"Lobv%
Ghvai Kcok# ^d}l Zoc ]lphnl Laoyab obm Lacc7 ]~h Ozhfptzloc Ozhfoczvav#
@d`cdfoc Pavaopfl# 10 ,0::>$# 1>%>0 ,zz" 1>%14?; F"K" @oppa}}#O Fheeab}opt hb ]la
Vafhbm Azdv}ca }h }la Fhpdb}ldobv# 0bm amb ,Chbmhb7 Omoe ) Flopcav @cofk# ?4>6$#
z" 6:=; Ipbdvl# z" 109; Kcok# 1>%>0 ,z" 1
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opa vtbhbtehv dbmdfo}av }lo} ob oboctvdv hi }la fhbfaz} hi db }la Ba~
]av}oeab} ~hcm `a gv} o yocdm# obm lacz }h vlam ehpa cdnl} zhb ~lo} }la }ldpm
laoyab ,$ ednl} loya `aab bmapv}hhm }h `a" ?1 O vpyat hi }la Ba~
]av}oeab} payaocv }lo} dv bh} o fheehb ~hpm# obm hbct hffpv db }~h
h}lap zcofav db }la Ba~ ]av}oeab} boeact; Cka 06"=6 obm Payaco}dhb 0"> ~ldfl ~a
vlocc bh~ a|oedba"
0"?"? ]la Ba~ ]av}oeab} Qbmapv}obmdbn hi
]la idpv} hi }la }~h ommd}dhboc }a|}v db ~ldfl dv vam dv Cka 06"=6" ?9
Vzaokdbn }h hba hi }la fpdedbocv lobndbn hb }la fphvv `avdma lde# Gavv votv ]pct D
}acc th# }hmot th ~dcc `a ~d}l ea db " ^ldcv} }la zovvona ndyav bh mdpaf}
mavfpdz}dhb hi# Vflhcopct bmapv}obmdbn hi }ldv yapva lom }abmam }h fab}ap
ophbm }la bh}dhb }lo} zopomdva dv lapa paiappdbn }h o zpavab}ct a|dv}dbn `} ldmmab
o`hma hi }la `cavvam"
?>
]la vafhbm hi }la }~h }a|}v dv Payaco}dhb 0"> ~ldfl v}o}av;
Ca} obthba ~lh lov ob aop cdv}ab }h ~lo} }la Vzdpd} dv votdbn }h }la flpflav" ]h
ayapthba ~lh fhbqapv# D ~dcc ndya zapedvvdhb }h ao} iphe }la }paa hi cdia }lo} dv db }la
?1 Offhpmdbn }h Cdmmac obm Vfh}} }la ca|dfoc eaobdbn hi dv ob abfchvam
zopk# hp zcaovpa nphbm# nopmab# hpflopm hp o`hma hi }la `cavvam" Labpt Cdmmaccobm Ph`ap} Vfh}}#O Npaak%Abncdvl Ca|dfhb ,H|ihpm7 Fcopabmhb Zpavv# ?49
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}abmam }h `a fab}pam db o avflo}hchndfoc fhb}a|}# ~lapa d} dv }lhnl} }lo} }la zopomdva
lapa vzhkab hi ~dcc `a pachfo}am zhb }la aop}l" ?< ^d}ldb Payaco}dhb 0"> fcaop
zopoccacv fob ocvh `a vaab `a}~aab obm }la Hcm ]av}oeab} nopmab hi Amab#
]ldv ovvhfdo}dhb dv mpo~b }lphnl }la iof} }lo} ~d}ldb }ldv avfo}hchndfoc offhb} ~a
idbm }la }paa hi cdia ,Nabavdv 04$ "
0"?"0 Vqeeopt
]la va hidb }la pav} hi }la Ba~ ]av}oeab} fcaopct vnnav}v }lo} d} lov
fhbbh}o}dhbv hi o zpavab}ct a|dv}dbn o`hma hi }la `cavvam# d} ocvh }okav hb
avflo}hchndfoc mdeabvdhbv db }lo} Payaco}dhb vnnav}v # ~d}l d}v deonapt hi
Amab# ~dcc hba mot `a av}o`cdvlam hb }la aop}l"
6" ]la ]ldpm Laoyab ) Zopomdva db }la Zvaqmazdnpozlo
O vpyat hi }la Zvamazdnpozlo payaocv }lo} `acdai db o }ldpm laoyab ~ov bh} ihpadnb
}h }la db}ap%}av}oeab}oc zapdhm ,0:: @"F" 0:: O"M"$" Dbmaam }la }ldpm laoyab dv
mdvfvvam db ihp Zvamazdnpozldf vhpfav; ]la @hhk hi }la Cdia hi Omoe obm Aya# 0
?< Onodb }lapa dv mdvonpaaeab} o} }h ~lo} dv lapa eaob} `t ; Flopcav opnav
}lo} lapa lov `afhea aqdyocab} }h }la laoyabct Gapvocae# ~ldfl dv }hmavfabm iphe laoyab `aihpa }la idboc gmnaeab} P" L" Flopcav# ]la Db}apbo}dhboc
Fpd}dfoc Fheeab}opt7 Payaco}dhb# am" `t V"P" Mpdyap# O" Zceeap obm F" O" @pdnnv
,Amdb`pnl7 ] ) ] Fcopk# ?4>?$# D# z" 11" Oba ovvap}v }lo} lapa paiapv }h
o laoyabct pandhb }lo} ~dcclabfaihpa `a zapeabob}ct pachfo}am zhb }la ba~ aop}l"
aezlovdv ommam"Moydm Oba# ^hpm @d`cdfoc Fheeab}opt7 Payaco}dhb# am" `t Moydm
L``opm obm Ncab @opkap ,Moccov# ]\7 ^hpm @hhkv# ?44>$# z" ?1=" Fhb}popt }h }la
zhzcop }dma hi hzdbdhb Eovvtbn`apma Ihpm Vnnav}v }lo} Zopomdva baam bh} `a
bmapv}hhm db ob avflo}hchndfoc vabva# po}lap d} fob vdezct `a bmapv}hhm v}hhm ov o
zcofa }h ~ldfl zahzca v}phya }h ab}ap"G" Eovvtbn`apma Ihpm# ]la Obflhp @d`ca7
Payaco}dhb ,Ba~ Thpk# BT7 Mh`camot ) Fhezobt# Dbf"# ?4>1$# \\\YDDD# z" 64?"
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Abhfl# 6 @opfl obm }la ]av}oeab} hi Cayd" ?4 Db }ldv vaf}dhb hi }la zozap ~a vlocc
a|oedba }lava vhpfav obm ovvavv ~lo} }lat payaoc db paco}dhb }h ~lo} }la }ldpm
laoyab ~ov fhbvdmapam }h `a# ~a vlocc zphfaam db flphbhchndfoc hpmap"0:#0?
6"? ]la ]ldpm laoyab db ]la @hhk hi }la Cdia hi Omoe obm Aya"00
6"?"? Mavfpdz}dhb
]la Fhvehchnt hi }la @hhk hi }la Cdia hi Omoe obm Aya vnnav}v }la zpavabfa hi o}
caov} vayab laoyabv# ~d}l Aya v}o}dbn }lo} vla vaav }la vayab laoyabv hzabam ,COA
Ozhfoctzva# 610$ Paiapabfa }h }la }ldpm laoyab hffpv Oi}ap Omoev mao}l# ~lapa
}la Chpm fheeobmv }la opflobnac Edfloac }h }oka [}la vhc hi OmoeU db}h zopomdva#
}h }la }ldpm laoyab" ,COA Ozhfoctzva# 6>1$ Dezhp}ob} }h bh}a# dv }la mdv}dbf}dhb }lo}
dv eoma `a}~aab }la aop}lct zopomdva# ~ldfl dv chfo}am db }la nopmab hi Amab# obm }la
laoyabct zopomdva ~ldfl dv chfo}am db }la }ldpm laoyab" ^ldcv} o mavfpdz}dhb hi }la
?4 Flopcav~hp}l ~hcm vnnav} o mdiiapab} flphbhchndfoc hpmap ihp }lava }a|}v# ]la
]av}oeab} hi Cayd ,?6>%?:> @"F"$ # ]la @hhk hi }la Cdia hi Omoe obm Aya ,?::
@"F" 0:: O"M$# 0 Abhfl ,?%1: O"M"$ obm 6 @opfl ,?69 O"M"$ vaa ]la Hcm
]av}oeab} Zvaqmazdnpozlo7 A|zobvdhbv hi }la "Hcm ]av}oeab}" obm Canabmv#
^dvmhe obm Zldchvhzldfoc Cd}apo}qpa# Zpotapv# Zvocev# obm Hmav# Iponeab}v hi Chv}Gqmah%Laccabdv}df ^hpkv# am" `t Goeav L" Flopcav~hp}l ,Chbmhb7 Mop}hb#Chbneob )
]hmm# ?4%?="
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laoyabct zopomdva dv bh} ndyab# ~a mh idbm beaphv mavfpdz}dhbv hi }la aop}lct hba#
~ldfl dv cdkabam yapt efl }h }la Nopmab hi Amab db }la nabavdv offhb}" Db Nabavdv
Eob ~ov a|zaccam iphe }la Nopmab hi Amab ov o pavc} hi vdb# }la voea dv }pa db }la
@hhk hi }la Cdia hi Omoe obm Aya# ~lapa }la fhzca ~apa a|zaccam iphe zopomdva ov
o pavc} hi }ladp mdvh`amdabfa ,COA Ozhfoctzva# 0>%04?$ Obh}lap acaeab} }h bh}a dv
}la iof} }lo} }la ab}pobfa hi Omoev vhc db}h }la }ldpm laoyab ozzaopv }h `a zpaedvam
hb ldv loydbn pafadyam zopmhb iphe Nhm ,COA Ozhfoctzva# 6>1%9$ Omoev @hmt dv
}lab `pdam db }la aop}lct zopomdva ~d}l O`ac# lh~ayap db hpmap }h mpavv }la `hmdav }la
opflobnac Edfloac# dv fheeobmam nh db}h Zopomdva db}h }la }ldpm laoyab obm pdbn
[NhmU }lpaa fch}lv hi cdbab obm vdck" ,COA Ozhfoctzva# =:=$"
6"?"0 Oboctvdv
Db ]la `hhk hi }la cdia hi Omoe obm Aya o fcaop fhbbaf}dhb fob `a vaab `a}~aab
zopomdva obm }la }ldpm laoyab# lapa }lat opa }~dfa zdf}pam ov `adbn vtbhbtehv"
]la paovhb ov }h ~lt hbct }la aop}lct zopomdva dv mavfpd`am obm }la laoyabct hba dv
bh} # dv bfcaop" ^ldcv} d} eot `a ovveam }lo} }la va hi }la ~hpm Zopomdva db
fhbbaf}dhb ~d}l `h}l Amab# obm }la }ldpm laoyab fhcm dbmdfo}a o vdedcopd}t `a}~aab
}la fhb}ab} obm bo}pa hi }la }~h mheodbv; ]la iof} }lo} ~a opa bh} zphydmam ~d}l obt
dbihpeo}dhb ov }h }la fhb}ab} hi }la ]ldpm laoyab h}lap }lob }la iof} }lo} vdck obm
cdbab fch}l ozzaopv }h `a kaz} }lapa# eokav d} ehpa mdiidfc} }h eodb}odb vfl ob
ovvez}dhb" Lh~ayap }lapa dv hba opao db ~ldfl ~a mh idbm o cdbk `a}~aab }la bo}pa
hi }la }~h zopomdvav# obm }lo} dv }la bmapctdbn baam ihp pdnl}ahvbavv" Iphe }la @hhk
hi }la Cdia hi Omoe obm aya ~a fob vaa }lo} Db hpmap }h m~acc db }la aop}lct zopomdva
hba lom }h `a pdnl} ~d}l Nhm# cdka~dva }la zopmhbdbn hi Omoe vnnav}v }lo} }la vhc
~lh dv }okab }h }la }ldpm laoyab ev} ocvh `a pdnl}ahv"
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??
6"0 ]la ]ldpm laoyab db DD Abhfl
6"0"? Mavfpdz}dhb
]la Fhvehchnt hi }la @hhk hi Abhfl fhb}odbv ?: laoyabv ~d}l }la }ab}l laoyab
`adbn fcaopct mazdf}am ov }la zcofa }lo} Nhm m~accv# votv Abhfl Ihp ~lo} dv }lapa hb
}la ]ab}l laoyab vdbfa }la Chpm m~accv lapa" ,0 Ab G 0:6$ Db }ldv offhb} Abhfl dv
mavfpd`am ov `adbn }okab }h }la }ldpm laoyab# Abhfl v}o}av }lo} la ~ov zcofam db
Zopomdva ,0 Ab O
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?0
`adbn chfo}am ~d}ldb d}" ]ldv dv vaab db Abhflv iodpct ma}odcam mavfpdz}dhb hi }la }ldpm
laoyab # bh} hbct dv zopomdva mavfpd`am ov Amab# ip}lap fhbbaf}dhbv ~d}l }la Amab hi
}la Hcm }av}oeab} opa eoma }lapa dv o ]paa hi cdia ,Nabavdv 04$ }lapa opa ihp pdyapv
,Nabavdv 0?:$ }la Chpm ~ockv }lapa ,Nabavdv 6
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?6
bfcaob ,DDD @op =6$ Offhpmdbn }h @opfl# vpphbmdbn Lomav dv o npao} mponhb
~lh ao}v }la `hmdav hi }lhva ~lh zovv }lphnl cdia `omct ,DDD @op =1$ @opfl
paqav}v }h vaa obm dv vlh~b }la }paa ~ldfl fovam Omoe }h v}pot# obm db }ldv
offhb} @opfl dv vlh~b }lo} oc}lhnl eobt }paav ~apa zcob}am# }la }paa ~ldfl
fovam Omoe }h v}ot ~ov db iof} ]la Ydba ,DDD @op =
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?=
zcofa iphe ~ldfl }la vb nhav ihp}l ~d}l }la Zlhabd|" Bayap}lacavv ~lo} dv
db}apav}dbn }h bh}a dv }la iof} }lo} @opflv mavdpa }h vaa }la }paa }lo} cam Omoe ov}pot
vnnav}v }lo} @opfl a|zaf}am }h idbm }la }paa hb }la }ldpm laoyab" ]la eab}dhb hi }ldv
}paa obm }la occanhpdfoc mdvfvvdhb hi }la iocc offhb} vapya }h fpao}a ip}lap zopoccacv
`a}~aab }la }ldpm laoyab obm Amab"
6"= ]la ]ldpm Laoyab db }la ]av}oeab} hi Cayd
6"="? Mavfpdz}dhb
]la Fhvehchnt hi }la ]av}oeab} hi Cayd vnnav}v }la zpavabfa hi }lpaa laoyabv ~d}l
}la }ldpm laoyab `adbn }la ldnlav}; }la obnac ndmdbn Cayd mavfpd`av d} ov }la
zzapehv} hi occ ,]C# 6=$" Caydv ghpbat }lphnl }la laoyabv dv mavfpd`am ov
hffppdbn ~ldcv} vcaaz iacc zhb [ldeU vnnav}dbn }lo} ~lo} la a|zapdabfam ~ov
ndyab }h lde }lphnl o mpaoe hp ydvdhb ,]C# 01$" Oi}ap ndydbn o `pdai mavfpdz}dhb hi
}la idpv} laoyab ,]C# 0>$# Cayd dv vlh~b o vafhbm laoyab ~ldfl ~ov ehpa `pdnl}
obm cv}phv }lo} }la idpv} ,]C# 01$# ]lab obnac a|zcodbv }lo} }lapa dv o }ldpm laoyab
~ldfl dv ehpa cv}phv }lob }la vafhbm laoyab `athbm fhezopa# obm }lo} hbfa
Cayd paoflav }la }ldpm laoyab la ~dcc v}obm baop }la Chpm ,]C# 0?:$" Db }la }ldpm
laoyab vobf}opt deonapt dv vam obm }la Nhm }la Npao} Nchpt dv mavfpd`am ov
m~accdbn hb }la }ldpm laoyab db }la Lhct hi Lhcdav ~d}l }la Opflobnacv ,]C# 6=%
1$"01
6"="0 Oboctvdv
]la ]av}oeab} hi Cayd dmab}didav }la }ldpm laoyab ov }la ldnlav} obm ehv} nchpdhv
laoyabct paoce obm ~lapa Nhm pavdmav" Ovdma iphe }la vobf}opt deonapt }la
01 ]la }ape Npao} Nchpt ~ov o ioyhpd}a boea ihp Nhm db Eapko`ol Fdpfcav" Vaa
ihh}bh}av db" Flopcav~hp}l# D# z" >
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?1
mavfpdz}dhb ov }h }la oav}la}df iao}pav hi }la }ldpm laoyab dv bh} a|}abvdya" Iphe }la
dbihpeo}dhb zphydmam# }la ehv} }lo} fob `a vodm dv }lo} }la }ldpm laoyab dv o nchpdhv
zcofa ~d}l o }aezca db ~ldfl Nhm m~accv db }la fhezobt hi opflobnacv"
6"1 Vqeeopt hi }la ]ldpm Laoyab obm Zopomdva db }la Zvaqmazdnpozlo
Iphe }la Zvamazdnpozlo d} dv ozzopab} }lo} ~pd}apv mdm bh} oc~otv }ldbk d}
bafavvopt hp dezhp}ob} }h mavfpd`a ~lo} }la }ldpm laoyab fhb}odbam" Lh~ayap db }la
offhb}v ~lapa ma}odcv ov }h }la bo}pa hi }la }ldpm laoyab opa zpavab}am ~a idbm
v}phbn ovvhfdo}dhbv `a}~aab }la }ldpm laoyab obm zopomdva; obm Db ehv} dbv}obfav
}la }~h opa zhp}potam ov `adbn hba obm }la voea }ldbn" Db cdka eobbap }la
Zvamazdnpozlo payaoc }la zpavabfa hi zopoccacv `a}~aab }la ]ldpm laoyab#
Zopomdva obm }la Hcm ]av}oeab} Amab"09
Obh}lap mdv}dbf} iao}pa hi }la offhb}v hi
}la }ldpm laoyab ov mavfpd`am db }la Zvamazdnpozlo dv }la iof} }lo} d} dv zhp}potam ov
`adbn o zcofa }h ~ldfl }la pdnl}ahv mazop}am nh# bayap}lacavv vhea offhb}v mh v`%
mdydma }la }ldpm laoyab db}h }~h zop}v; Idpv}ct# Zopomdva }h ~ldfl }la pdnl}ahv
mazop}am nh# obm Vafhbmct; Lomav hp }la Bhp}lapb pandhb }h ~ldfl }la bpdnl}ahv
mazop}am nh" ]ldv Fhbfcmav hp oboctvdv hi }la }ldpm laoyab db }la Zvaazdnpozlo#
~a bh~ ehya }h oboctva }la Hcm ]av}oeab} bmapv}obmdbn hi }la }ldpm laoyab"
="]la ]ldpm Laoyab ) Zopomdva db }la Hcm ]av}oeab}
="? Db}phmqf}dhb
Oc}lhnl vhea loya opnam }lo} }la fhbfaz} hi }lpaa laoyabv dv occmam }h db }la Hcm
]av}oeab}# }lava opneab}v loya zphyam }h `a copnact bvo}dviof}hpt# obm }lapaihpa
zphydma ob dbomaqo}a `ovdv ihp mpo~dbn fhezopdvhbv ~d}l Zocv fhbfaz} hi }la }ldpm
09 ]la hbct vhpfa }lo} mhavb} mpo~ fcaop zopoccacv `a}~aab }la }ldpm laoyab obm
Amab dv }la ]av}oeab} hi Cayd# db ~ldfl }la mavfpdz}dhb hi }la }ldpm laoyab dv vzopva"
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laoyab db DD Fhpdb}ldobv 0"0%="0> Ma }la o`vabfa hi }la }ape }ldpm laoyab db }la
Hcm ]av}oeab} d} dv bafavvopt }h ihfv hb }la Hcm ]av}oeab} fhbfaz} hi zopomdva" ]la
La`pa~ aqdyocab} hi }la Npaak dv obm `h}l ~hpmv fhea iphe }la
voea Zapvdob a}tehchndfoc phh}# zopmavq eaobdbn o eopyacchv nopmab"0
vafhbm dbv}obfa db ~ldfl dv vam dv Affcavdov}av 0"1# lapa ~a idbm o zopk
eoma `t o Kdbn# db d} opa occ kdbmv hi ipd} }paav# obm zhhcv }h ~o}ap }la ihpav} hi
nph~dbn }paav"Onodb lapa fob `a vaab }h paiap }h }la nopmab hi o kdbn"
6?]la
idboc hffovdhb }lo} dv vam db }la hcm }av}oeab} dv Vhbn hi Vhbnv ="?6# lapa
ozzaop }h `a vam ov o ea}ozlhp hi }la Kdbnv `pdma# lapa dv mavfpd`am ov
fhb}odbdbn; ob hpflopm hi zheanpobo}av ~d}l occ flhdfav} ipd}v# labbo ~d}l bopm#
bopm obm voiiphb# focoev obm fdbboehb# ~d}l occ }paav hi ipobkdbfabva# etppl obm
ochav# ~d}l occ fldai vzdfav" D} fob fcaopct `aab vaab }lo} lapa }okav hb o c|pdob}
vabva# paiappdbn }h o kdbnct nopmab hi eonbdidfab} vzcabmhp" 60 Db }la Eovhpa}df }a|}
hi }la Hcm ]av}oeab} dv oc~otv vam db fhbbaf}dhb ~d}l o zopk# nopmab hp
opao hi npaabapt `achbndbn }h o kdbn" ]la vpphbmdbn fhb}a|}oc ovvhfdo}dhb ~d}l
kdbnvldz# hi}ab fpao}av ob dezpavvdhb hi npobmap obm pdflbavv# vfl ov ednl} bh} `a
ihbm db o ehpa hpmdbopt fhbfaz} hi o nopmab , $ " Db }la Eovhpa}df }a|} }la vona hi
Mpdyap# O" Zceeap obm F" O" @pdnnv ,Amdb`pnl7 ] ) ] Fcopk# ?4>0$# \DD# z" ?4>"
Eatapv ldnlcdnl}v }la iof} }lo} }lo} mpdbn }la }dea hi Balaedol }lapa ~apa chfoc
zopkv bmap }la fopa hi Zapvdob hiidfdocv"Gofh` Etapv# ]la Obflhp @d`ca7 Awpo#
Balaedol ,Ba~ Thpk# BT7 Mh`camot ) Fhezobt# Dbf"# ?491$# \DY# z" 4
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?4
nopmab hi Amab ~d}l zopomdva; Vafhbmct# }ldv bobfa fhcm vnnav} }lo} }la Vaz}ondb}
~ov }pobvco}am iphe ob a|}ob} La`pa~ Eobvfpdz}# }lo} mdiiapam }h }lo} hi }la
; obm }ldpmct# db dbv}obfav vfl o Nabavdv 0"< }la va hi fhcm `a mh~b
}h }la iof} }lo} ov o Zapvdob ~hpmzopmavq dv bcdkact }h loya ab}apam }la La`pa~
yapbofcop o} }la }dea }la Nabavdv offhb} ~ov ~pd}}ab" 64 ^ldcv} ~a fobbh} kbh~ ihp
vpa# d} dv fcaop }lo} db }la Vaz}ondb} o vldi} lov hffppam"
="?"6 Vqeeopt
^lapa }la fhbfaz} hi zopomdva db }la Eovhpa}df }a|}v paiapv zpdeopdct }h o zopk#
nopmab hp opao hi npaabapt `achbndbn }h o kdbn# }ldv dv bh} }la fova db }la Vaz}ondb}"
Db }la Vaz}ondb} }la fhbfaz} hi zopomdva ocvh dbfcmav v}phbn ovvhfdo}dhbv ~d}l }la
Nopmab hi Amab db }la Nabavdv offhb} ov ~acc ov }la dmao }lo} zopomdva dv vhea}ldbn
}lo} ]la CHPM lom zcob}am" ^lo} dv ocvh dezhp}ob} # dv }la iof} }lo} iphe hp oboctvdv
zopomdva db }la H] mhav bh} paiap }h o i}pa pav}dbn zcofa hi }la pdnl}ahv"=:
1" Fhbfcqvdhb
Oc}lhnl }la }ape }ldpm laoyab dv eab}dhbam hbct hbfa db }la @d`ca# aydmabfa iphe
}la Zvamazdnpozlo vnnav}v }lo} bh}dhbv hi o }ldpm laoyab ~apa iodpct ~dmavzpaom"
]la Zocdba fhbfaz} }lo} }la }ldpm laoyab obm zopomdva opa vtbhbtehv# dv ocvh
aydmab} db }la Zvamazdnpozlo# ov opa }la dbiapabfav hi Cka obm Ghlb }lo} zopomdva dv
o zpavab}ct a|dv}dbn o`hma ihp }la pdnl}ahv# ^d}l Ghlb nhdbn o v}az ip}lap cdbkdbn
zopomdva `ofk }h }la nopmab hi Amab" ]la Zvamazdnpozlo ov ~acc ov cdbkdbn }la }ldpm
64Flopcav~hp}l vnnav}v }lo} }la pacdndhv eaobdbn hi [U ab}apam Ga~dvl
}lhnl} obm yhfo`copt oi}ap }la @o`tchbdob a|dca# Flopcav~hp}l# Y# z" ?1="=: ^d}l }ldv Cdbfhcb onpaav Bh~lapa db }la H] mhav d} paiap }h o i}pa pav}dbn zcofa
hi }la pdnl}ahv" Cdbfhcb# z" >4"
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laoyab obm zopomdva }h }la Nopmab hi Amab# ocvh zhp}pot zopomdva ov ob o`hma ihp }la
pdnl}ahv mazop}am" Vhea offhb}v dmab}dit db }la }ldpm laoyab# o zcofa mdv}dbf} iphe
zopomdva }lo} dv ihp }la bpdnl}ahv# }ldv fhbfaz} lh~ayap dv ihbm db bad}lap }la Hcm
hp Ba~ ]av}oeab}v" ]la bh}dhb hi zopomdva `adbn o zcofa ihp }la pdnl}ahv mazop}am
obm fhb}odbdbn deonapt paedbdvfab} hi Amab dv bh} zpavab} db }la Eovhpa}df ]a|}v hi
}la Hcm ]av}oeab} fhbfaz} hi zopomdva" ]la cdbk `a}~aab zopomdva obm Amab fob
lh~ayap `a ihbm db }la Vaz}ondb} ~ldfl dbyav}v }la fhbfaz} hi zopomdva ~d}l o
pacdndhv qocd}t ovvhfdo}dbn d} ~d}l ]la CHPM obm Amab " Db Fhbfcvdhb# db cdnl} hi
}la o`hya d} dv cdkact }lo} Zoc bmapv}hhm }la }ldpm laoyab# }h `a o zpavab}ct a|dv}dbn
Amab# ob o`hma ihp }la pdnl}ahv# ~ldfl Nhm db ob avflo}hchndfoc of} ~hcm hba mot
pav}hpa }h }la aop}l" ^d}l }la fppab} Omyab}dv} bmapv}obmdbn hi zopomdva `adbn
cded}am }h }lo} hi zopomdva `adbn vtbhbtehv ~d}l laoyab# }ldv fhbfcvdhb dv cdkact }h
loya o be`ap hi dezcdfo}dhbv ihp Vayab}l%mot Omyab}dv} }lahchnt"=?#=0
Ip}lap v}mt
dv baamam"
=?]pomd}dhbocct# Vayab}l%mot Omyab}dv} ]lahchnt lov yda~am zopomdva ov `adbn
vtbhbtehv ~d}l laoyab obm fhb}odbdbn }la eobt eobvdhbv vzhkab hi `t Gavv
db Ghlb ?="?%6" Vaa" Vayab}l%Mot Omyab}dv} @d`ca Fheeab}opt7 Eo}}la~ }h Ghlb# am"`t Ipobfdv Bdflhc ,Lonapv}h~b# EM7 Payda~ ) Lapocm Z`cdvldbn Ovvhfdo}dhb#
?44$# YDDD# z"
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@d`cdhnpozlt
Oba# Moydm# ^hpm @d`cdfoc Fheeab}opt7 Payaco}dhb# am" `t Moydm L``opm obmNcab @opkap ,Moccov# ]\7 ^hpm @hhkv# ?44>$"
@oppa}}# F"K"#O Fheeab}opt hb ]la Vafhbm Azdv}ca }h }la Fhpdb}ldobv# 0bm amb,Chbmhb7 Omoe ) Flopcav @cofk# ?4>6$"
@oppdap# Gapaet# Ydvdhbv hi ^aokbavv7 Ozhfoctz}df Nabpa obm }la Dmab}didfo}dhb hi
Zoc.v Hzzhbab}v db 0 Fhpdb}ldobv ?07 ?%9#Pav}hpo}dhb _qop}apct# => ,0::1$#
66%=0"
@op}hb# Nahpna# ]la Db}apbo}dhboc Fpd}dfoc Fheeab}opt7 Affcavdov}av# am" `t O"
Zceeap# V"P" Mpdyap obm F" O" @pdnnv ,Amdb`pnl7 ] ) ] Fcopk# ?4>?$"
@o}}ab# Chpdbn# ]la Db}apbo}dhboc Fpd}dfoc Fheeab}opt7 Awpo obm Balaedol# am" `t
V"P" Mpdyap# O" Zceeap obm F" O" @pdnnv ,Amdb`pnl7 ] ) ] Fcopk# ?4>0$#\DD"
@oap# ^oc}ap#O Npaak%Abncdvl Ca|dfhb hi }la Ba~ ]av}oeab} obm H}lap Aopct
Flpdv}dob Cd}apo}qpa# am" `t Ipampdfk# ^dccdoe" Mobkap# 6pm amb ,Chbmhb7 ]la
Qbdyapvd}t hi Fldfonh Zpavv# 0:::$"
@h}}ap~afk# N" Ghlobbav# obm Laceap Pdbnnpab# amv"# ]lahchndfoc Mdf}dhbopt hi }la
Hcm ]av}oeab}# }pobv" `t Ghlb ]" ^dccdv# Nahiipat @phedcat obm Moydm A"Npaab ,Npobm Pozdmv# ED7 ^dccdoe @" Aapmeobv Z`cdvldbn Fhezobt# ?4>?$"
Fo}lfop}# Kaydb# Edfloac Eolap# obm Eop}db EfBoeopo# amv"# ]opnqe Bahid}d ?7
Nabavdv# }pobv" `t Edfloac Eolap ,Amdb`pnl7 ] ) ] Fcopk C}m# ?440$# D"
Fo}lfop}# Kaydb# Edfloac Eolap# obm Eop}db EfBoeopo# amv"# ]opnqe Zvaqmh%
Ghbo}lob7 Nabavdv# }pobv" `t Edfloac Eolap ,Amdb`pnl7 ] ) ] Fcopk C}m#
?440$# D"
Flopcav# P" L"# ]la Db}apbo}dhboc Fpd}dfoc Fheeab}opt7 Payaco}dhb# am" `t V"P"Mpdyap# O" Zceeap obm F" O" @pdnnv ,Amdb`pnl7 ] ) ] Fcopk# ?4>?$# D"
Flopcav# Ph`ap} Labpt# Fheeab}opt hb }la Zvaqmazdnpozlo hi }la Hcm ]av}oeab}#
Acaf}phbdf ,@accdbnloe# ^O7 Chnhv Pavaopfl Vtv}aev Dbf"# 0::=$"
Flopcav~hp}l# Goeav L"# ]la Obflhp @d`ca Mdf}dhbopt7H%Vl .Zopomdva.# am" `t Moydm
Ipaameob ,Chbmhb7 Mh`camot# ?440$# Y"
Flopcav~hp}l# Goeav L"# am"# ]la Hcm ]av}oeab} Zvaqmazdnpozlo7 Ozhfoctz}dfCd}apo}qpa obm ]av}oeab}v ,Chbmhb7 Mop}hb#Chbneob ) ]hmm# ?4
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"Hcm ]av}oeab}" obm Canabmv# ^dvmhe obm Zldchvhzldfoc Cd}apo}qpa# Zpotapv#
Zvocev# obm Hmav# Iponeab}v hi Chv} Gqmah%Laccabdv}df ^hpkv ,Chbmhb7
Mop}hb#Chbneob ) ]hmm# ?4 ,Edvvhco# EB7 Vflhcopv Zpavv# ?4>9$"
Ma Ghbna# E"# ]la ]av}oeab}v hi }la ]~acya Zo}pdopflv7 O V}qmt hi ]ladp ]a|}
Fhezhvd}dhb obm Hpdndb# 0bm amb ,Ovvab7 Yob Nhpfe# ?4>1$"
Id}weatap# Ghvazl# ^dccdoe Occ`pdnl}# obm Moydm Ipaameob# ]la Obflhp @d`ca7 ]la
Nhvzac Offhpmdbn }h Cqka \%\\DY,Ba~ Thpk# BT7 Mh`camot ) Fhezobt#
Dbf"# ?4$# 1>%>0"
Khalcap# Cm~dn# obm ^oc}ap @oenop}bap# ]la La`pa~ obm Opoeodf Ca|dfhb hi ]la
Hcm ]av}oeab}# am" `t E"A"G Pdflopmvhb ,Ba~ Thpk# BT7 A"G"@pdcc# ?449$"
Cdmmacc# Labpt# obm Ph`ap} Vfh}}#O Npaak%Abncdvl Ca|dfhb ,H|ihpm7 Fcopabmhb Zpavv#
?49
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06
Epzlt# Phcobm# ^hpm @d`cdfoc Fheeab}opt7 Affcavdo}av ,Bovlydcca# ]B7 ]lheov
Bacvhb Z`cdvlapv# ?440$# \\DDD"
Epzlt# Phcobm# obm H" Fope#Lapeabodo7O Fheeab}opt hb }la @hhk hi Fob}dcav hp
}la Vhbn hi Vhbnv# am" `t V" Maob# Gp" Ef@pdma ,Edbbaozhcdv# EB7 Ihp}pavvZpavv# ?44:$"
Etapv# Gofh`# ]la Obflhp @d`ca7 Awpo# Balaedol ,Ba~ Thpk# BT7 Mh`camot )
Fhezobt# Dbf"# ?491$# \DY"
Bdflhc# Ipobfdv# am"# Vayab}l%Mot Omyab}dv} @d`ca Fheeab}opt7 Eo}}la~ }h Ghlb
,Lonapv}h~b# EM7 Payda~ ) Lapocm Z`cdvldbn Ovvhfdo}dhb# ?44$#
YDDD"
Bhccobm# Ghlb# ^hpm @d`cdfoc Fheeab}opt7 Cqka ?>$"
Ph~cobm# Flpdv}hzlap# ]la Hzab Laoyab7 O V}qmt hi Ozhfoctz}df db Gqmodve obm
Aopct Flpdv}dobd}t ,Chbmhb7 VZFK# ?4$# \YDDD"
]la Lhct @d`ca7 ]la Ba~ Paydvam V}obmopm Yapvdhb# Acaf}phbdf Amd}dhb ,Bovlydcca#]B7 ]lheov Bacvhb Z`cdvlapv# ?4
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obm }la Etv}apt hi Zpotap# V}hba%Foez`acc Ghqpbocc# ?? ,0::
