THE THIRTEEN ENGLISH COLONIESChapter 4
The New England ColoniesMassachusetts Bay ColonyWho founded it?John Winthrop and 1,000 others
What did they face in England?Puritans were persecuted Where did they settle?MA Bay near present-day Boston
The New England ColoniesMassachusetts Bay ColonyWhen?1629-1630Why did they establish MBC?Biblical and economic reasons
How did they run the colony?Male church members could vote
The New England ColoniesConnecticutWho founded it?Thomas HookerWhat was his reason for leaving?
He was forced to leaveWhere did he settle?On the Connecticut River
The New England ColoniesConnecticutWhen?1636Why did he establish CT?Wanted strict limits on governmentHow did he run the colony?1) All men who owned property
could vote2) Limits on governor’s power
The New England ColoniesRhode IslandWho founded it?Roger WilliamsWhat was his reason for leaving?
Challenged MA Bay leaders and was forced to leave
Where did he settle?Narragansett Bay
The New England ColoniesRhode IslandWhen?1635Why did he establish RI?Wanted a separation of church and government
How did he run the colony?1) Religious freedom2) No state church3) All white men could vote
The New England ColoniesAnne HutchinsonWho?Devout Puritan womanWhat?Led biblical discussions and claimed God spoke directly to
herWhere?RI
The New England ColoniesAnne HutchinsonWhen?1638Why?MA General Court ordered her
outHow does history view her?Symbol of struggle for religious freedom
Puritans and Native Americans
Settlers from MA Bay Colony spread out over New England.
Tensions with the Native Americans grew.
Metacom (King Phillip) was the Wampanoag chief in 1675.
Native American tribes worked together to drive the English from NE.
Puritans and Native Americans
The Native Americans destroyed towns and killed hundreds of settlers.
Within a yearMetacom was killedHis family was sold into slavery
Middle ColoniesNew York-NY2 Rivalry between England and New Netherland grew
5 The colony was renamed New York1 Dutch officials gave patroons land in exchange for the patroons bringing in at least 50 families
4 King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York
3 Governor Peter Stuyvesant forced to surrender New Netherland
Middle ColoniesNew Jersey-NJ2 People from other countries
and colonies moved to New Jersey
1 Duke of York gave some of New York away to his
friends3 New Jersey became a royal
colony
Middle ColoniesPennsylvania-PA4 Pennsylvania Dutch arrived in Pennsylvania
2 William Penn thought of his colony as a “holy experiment” and a model of religious freedom
1 William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681
5 William Penn planned Philadelphia3 William Penn treated Native Americans fairly and gained their respect
Middle ColoniesDelaware-DE1 The land around the Delaware
River was call Pennsylvania Lower Counties
2 William Penn allowed the Lower Counties to elect their own
assembly3 In 1704, the Lower Counties broke away and formed Delaware
Southern ColoniesMaryland-Have at least these elements
Maryland was established by Lord Baltimore where Roman Catholics, and later Christians, could worship freely.
Maryland had access to fish, oysters, and crabs.
Southern ColoniesNorth CarolinaPoor tobacco farmers moved there from Virginia.
Many lived on small farms.
Southern ColoniesSouth CarolinaEight English nobles set up the colony, and Charles Town (Charleston) was the largest settlement.
SC grew rice and indigo and relied heavily on slave
labor. (Enslaved Africans outnumbered settles 2:1)
Southern ColoniesGeorgiaJames Oglethorpe founded GA where debtors could start over.
Slavery was forbidden at first, but GA grew with the growth of plantations and slavery
Bacon’s RebellionNew settlers arrived in VA and moved onto Native American lands.
Settlers and Indians clashed.
Settlers sought help from the governor.
Bacon’s RebellionIn 1676, Nathaniel BaconOrganized angry frontier planters
Led raids on Native American villages.
Burned Jamestown.The revolt ended when Bacon died suddenly.
23 of Bacon’s followers were hanged.
Tidewater and Backcountry Where do these go?Most settlements were near creeks and rivers allowing for easier trade (Tidewater)
Lived at the base of the Appalachian Mountains (Backcountry)
Were self-sufficient (Backcountry)
A small % owned large plantations (Tidewater)
Tidewater and Backcountry Where do these go?Planters made all crop decisions
(Tidewater)More democratic-settlers treated one
another as equals (Backcountry)Women did household work
(Backcountry)Few slaves worked on the farms
(Backcountry)Wives managed the household
(Tidewater)Slaves were crucial to success
(Tidewater)
Middle PassageMiddle Passage-Slave ship route from West Africa to the West Indies
On the Middle Passage slavesWere crammed together and chained
Resisted, but few escapedDied in large numbers on the journey from disease and mistreatment
Section 4-Regulating TradeComplete the statementsThe theory of mercantilism says that a nation grew strong by keeping strict control over its trade.
The purpose of the Navigation Acts was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.
Section 4-Regulating TradeThe Nav. Acts encouraged the colonists to build their own ships.
On the second leg of the triangular trade route, New England ships carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa.
Section 4-Colonial GovernmentMost governors were appointed by either the king or by the colony’s proprietor.
Most colonial legislatures were made up of an upper house and a lower house.
Section 4-LimitsThe right to vote was limited to white, Christian, men, over the age of 21 who owned land.
A married woman could not start her own business or sign a contract without her husband’s approval.
Africans and Native Americans had almost no rights.
Social Classes in the ColoniesSOCIAL CLASS
DETAILS OF EACH CLASS
Gentry Made up of lawyers, planters, ministers, and royal officialWore latest fashions from London
Middle Class
Farmers, trades people, crafts men¾ of all white colonists were middle class
Indentured Servants
Worked 4-7 yearsReceived land, tools, clothes to get started on their own once freed1,000s of men, women, and children came to the colonies as indentured servants
Women Country women-hunted and helped with the harvestCity women-cooks, maids, nurses, butchers, printers=had more opportunities than women in the country
Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s.
Jonathan Edwards was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement.
The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists.
EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the 1600s-1700s that emphasized the use of reason
to guide society. John Locke was an Enlightenment philosopher.
The Enlightenment spread quickly among those who could read.
PeopleBenjamin Franklin-good example of Enlightenment thinking-he used reason and logic to improve the world around him
John Peter Zenger-faced arrest and trial after printing criticism of the New York governor-trial showed the importance of freedom of the press
Great AwakeningExtra Credit=Worth up to 20 Bonus P0ints
Create an advertisement that shows your understanding of how the Great Awakening had effects in the colonies other than religious effects.
Due no later than Monday, October 3.