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The Three Faces of Evil in El

Filibusterismo

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An Agrarian Tragedy and TheEviction from Calamba

Jefrey King Garcia

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Telesforo or Cabesang Tales

Son o Tandang Selo. Father o two sons and two daughters.

Silent type.

Once an employee o some capitalist but decided togo on his own ater earning some money and owned

two Carabaos.

ith the help o his ather! wie and two "ids#pag"a"aingin$ is their means o li%elihood and thecause o death o his eldest daughter and wie.

One plentiul har%est orced the riar to claim theland.

&ecause o the in'uence o the riars! Tales agreed toan annual payment.

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(ter a ew years they earned enough moneyto build a house in a %illage.

&ecause he has the best house in the %illage!he is appointed to be the cabe)a the barangay

*an honorable title with the obligation tocollect ta+es,.

The riars raised the canon to - pesos andTales reuses to pay.

The matter is brought to the court! they issuea %erdict in a%or o the riars.

Tales reuse to accept the %erdict. /e resumespatrolling his land with a gun.

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/e was "idnapped by the bandits anddemanded - pesos ransom.

Cabesang Tales! reed! is a changed man.

Joined the bandits.

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The Eviction from Calamba #Ta"e heart! men o Kalamba0 1our name is not Tales.1ou ha%e committed no crime.$

2entioned the heads o amilies e%icted by riars romtheir homes! and some o them deported. (mong thenames is that o 3i)al4s brother 5aciano.

(ter the e%iction 3i)al4s amily sought reuge in /ongKong. 3i)al let 6urope to 7oin them there. &ut the ate othe 8 or so others who were now homeless weighedon his mind.

/e brought the e%icted armers in 9orth &orneo *&ritish

Colony that time, 3i)al then wrote to the Spanish Go%ernment and

Captain:General in 2anila! as"ing permission or theamilies e%icted rom Calamba to lea%e the country.

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3ecei%ing no reply! 3i)al decided to go in person to2anila to see the Go%ernor.

Shortly ater his arri%al he was imprisoned in FortSantiago and departed to ;apitan.

/e ound a large trac" o land in ;apitan where the

e%icted armers could resettle. (nd then the Spanish:(merican war and the 5hilippine 3e%olutioninter%ened.

3i)al4s interest in the e%ils o the agrarian systemwas not merely academic nor merely that o a writero

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Simoun

Jim (drian Francinilla

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Who was Simoun?

Juan Crisostomo =barra4s alter:ego Supposed to be a hero

6%ents that transpired ater 9oli made him a%illain 9ot the main %illain! but a %illain nonetheless

There were other %illains! and were generally muchworse

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Who was Simoun?

Simoun was the e+act opposite o other%illains 2ost %illains in the no%el aimed or preser%ation o

power

On the other hand! Simoun wanted to ree hispeople rom oppression! with whatever meansnecessary 9o regard or anyone else4s saety! as long as goals are

achie%ed

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Who was Simoun?

Simoun was the >e+emplar o the amoralpolitician4 3uthless

The only thing that matters is a thing4s useulness

or achie%ing an end goal 2urder! massacre! in7ustice! %iolation o human rightsare 7usti

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Who was Simoun?

Simoun is the >consummate 2achia%ellian4 2ultiple ?uestions were as"ed! and the

answer was always no. ill Spain e%er grant them *the Filipinos, reedom@

ill the people entrenched in power in the islandse%er grant the needed reorms@

Thus! the only solution was armed re%olt

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Revolution

/ow does one bring about the spirit ore%olution in Filipinos@ Filipinos ha%e e+treme patience and will put up

with almost anything

=t is necessary to orce the people into an armedre%olution

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Revolution

/ow Simoun spar"ed the re%olutionA =ncrease tyranny =ncite tyrants to commit greater in7ustice and atrocities

=ncrease the pressure on the people

=ncrease their burdens = successul! people will e+plode into

uncontrollable acts o %engeance

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Rizal as Simoun

3i)al4s >portrayal4 o himsel changed =barra was both idealistic and altruistic in 9oli

Simoun was a hoe%er succumbs to e%il must not only be branded an

e%il person but must ta"e responsibility or theconse?uences o the %illainy4

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Influence

Simoun4s portrayal was in'uenced by 3i)al4searly readings o no%els such as >The Count o2onte Cristo4 Simoun initially appears as a sinister! enigmatic

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Disclosure to Basilio

(+el Josol

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Basilio

(s describe by 3i)al! &asilio is a poor boywho was able to complete a medical coursebut only lac"s the

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SimounGame Changer

Simoun and riends

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#Such bloody sophisms! uttered by Simoun with con%iction! numbed

the young man. /is mind! wea"ened by more than three months inprison and blinded by a desire or re%enge! was in no position to

e+amine the morality o what was being proposed. =nstead o replyingthat e%ery person! e%en the most e%il! is something more than a

%egetable because he has a soul and an intelligence that! no matterhow %itiated or brutali)ed! can still be redeemed instead o replying

that no one has the right to dispose o the lie o another or theaggrandi)ement o anyone that each indi%idual has the right to lie

and liberty and the truth! instead o replying that! i it is wrong or thego%ernment to punish people or the crimes brought about by the

go%ernment4s own in7ustice! so much more it is wrong or an indi%idualto punish a people or the wrongs committed by the go%ernment

instead o saying that God alone! who has the power to create and whoholds in his hand the destiny o all! has also the power to destroy:

instead o these reasonings! all &asilio could do was to as" the tri%ial?uestionA #hat will the world say to such car%anage@$

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The Priests Verdict

Filbert Go

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Ga%e his room to the in7ured Simoun Showed himsel the genuine ministry o God4s

2ercy but did not orgi%e Simoun4s actions

Padre Florentino

Simoun

as wounded by the authorities

Too" reuge in 5adre Florentino4s house by

the sea

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The Good ManAll is not evil in Rizals novel

(rlene (drianne Go

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The Good People

Some are 'awed Others are destroyed by e%il peopleBinstitution

Some remain good throughout

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The unnamed Spanish high official (elalto empleado)

5rotested against tyrannical acts o theGo%ernor and Captain General

=t is a dishonor to Spain to commit in7usticeagainst her colonial sub7ects

hen his protests remain unheeded! heresigns and lea%es the country

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(cont.)The unnamed Spanish high official

/onorable oDcial not corrupted by power

9ot intimidated by tyranny

2aintained dignity! sense o 7ustice and honor

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Father Fernandez

;ominican Friar Chapter E*(ng 5rayle at ang 6studyante,

/e desires good o the people but hisintentions are helpless against the system

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Padre Florentino

Secular Filipino priest

ncle o =sagani

The one Simoun conessed to beore he died