The Two Sides

Chapter 16

Section 1

Choosing Sides• Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland

remained in the Union

• These border states had Slaves

• Losing the border would seriously damage the North due to strategic locations

• Missouri controlled part of the Mississippi.

• Kentucky controlled the Ohio River

• Delaware was close to Philadelphia

• Washington DC lay's within Maryland

West Virginia

• In order to rejoin the Union in 1861, 48 counties organized themselves as a separate state and left (seceded) Virginia

Presidential Action

• Abraham Lincoln was careful not to antagonize the border states

• He did suspend some Constitutional Rights and arrested supporters of sucession.

South’s Primary Aim• Win recognition as an independent nation

Riots in Baltimore

• Public Opinion of the war was divided and support was shaky in the north.

• Pro-confederate activity in Baltimore• Lincoln places Baltimore under Martial Law

1. Form of military rule that includes suspending Bill of Rights2. Kentucky and Missouri

important for control of Mississippi River

Comparing North and South• North had a Larger Population, More Industry,

and more Resources. • The South was a large area with a hostile

population making invasion difficult• South had strong support of its white population• Southern States defending their land, homes

and Way of Life.• Confederate Government was weak—States

held more power—similar to the Articles of Confederation.

Comparing North and South

• South had a difficult time delivering food, weapons, and supplies due to less efficient railway network.

• The war split families and divided families. Conflicting loyalties resulted in families and friends facing each other in battle

• Soldiers on both sides mainly came from farms

• Confederate Soldier---Rebel• Union Soldier---Yankees

Strategies and Advantages1. The South’s Leaders

a. South had better army

b. Top officers in the army came from the South—military tradition

1. Robert E. Lee rejected Lincolns offer to command Union Army

a. Takes command of the Confederate forces in Virginia

http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail191.html

Strategies for Winning the War

The Union’s Three-Pronged Strategya. Blockade Confederate Ports

1. Ruin Economy of the Southb. Invade the South and split it into thirds

1. Mississippi River, Tennessee and Georgia

c. Capture the Confederate Capitol of Richmond, Virginia

Strategies for Winning the WarSouth Strategy

a. Hold off against enemy attacks

b. Home field advantage

c. Men 17-50 drafted into the army

d. Farmers told what to plant…women take over a lot of duties

e. Fighting to preserve Cotton Culture

f. Counting on Britain and France to help since they needed cotton

Differences in Resources

a. Union has 80% of the Factoriesb. Union has the Merchant ships,

railroads, banks, minerals, grain, and meat

c. South has ½ as many people and 1/3 were enslavedd. South ill-equippede. Confederate Government limited Federal authority---states had strong rights

1. Couldn't tax

Wartime Diplomacy1. Union did not want Europe to get into the War 2. British and French were openly

sympathetic to the Confederacy3. The South and Great Britain

a. British textile mills used Southern cotton

4. The Blockade beginsa. 626 ships and 59,000 soldiers reduce imports and exportsb. Britain gets its cotton from India and Egypt—Confed. hope for help gone

The Confederate Capital is in what Virginia town?

Richmond

Perhaps the most important border state was

A. Kentucky

B. Delaware

C. Missouri

D. Maryland

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What do we call it when you go on the attack?

offensive

In order to rejoin the Union in 1861, 48 counties organized themselves as a

separate state calledA. Washington, D.C.

B. Virginia

C. West Virginia

D. North Carolina

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What did the Union do to Southern ports?

blockade

For the South the primary aim of the war was to win recognition

A. For having good soldiers

B. As slaveholders]

C. As a wealthy area

D. As an independent nation

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Another name for Confederate soldiers?

rebels

What was one of the main advantages of the South?

A. A small population of free men

B. Its belief in states’ rights

C. The strong support of its white population

D. Its industrial base

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Another name for Union soldiers?

yankees

Most soldiers, both Confederate and Union, came from

A. farms

B. The East Coast

C. slums

D. cities

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