Ch. 4 The Civil War

4.1 Resources, Strategies, and Early

Battles

How did each side’s resources and strategies affect the early battles of

the war?

The Union’s Strategy

Advantages: more men, factories, and And a strong central government to make

Avoid issue of slavery So, border slave states don’t _

Anaconda Plan1. Blockade

2. Divide the Confederacy into 2 @ the

3. Capture

Goal: suffocate the South into submission

Anaconda Plan

The Confederate Strategy

Advantages: cotton production 1st rate strong military tradition, &

Defensive Plan1. Survive as a

2. Seek support from Great Britain & France

Goal: Drag the war on as long as possible to kill northern

1st Battle of Bull Run

General Thomas Stonewall Jackson

1st Battle of Bull Run

Manassas, VA July 1861

Thomas Jackson Confederate General Made a stand against General

McDowell Sent Yankees back to _ Nicknamed_’

Impacts on the War: This ended Northern hope for a_ McDowell is replaced by Lincoln

with_

1st Battle of Bull Run

Stonewall @ Bull Run

1862Battle of Shiloh & New

Orleans TN

25,000 casualties in 2 days

Union General :Ulysses Grant Defeats a surprised

attack by the_ Nicknamed _

LA

Union forces take over _

Union now controls the mouth of the Mississippi River

Commander David Farragut pushes to _ He is stopped _

General McClellan

Robert E. Lee

McClellan versus Lee

Union General

He was too_ Did not want to invade

Richmond until he had 270,000 There were only 2 bridges on

the Potomac River to_

Lincoln known for his patience, but was growing tired:

“I would like to borrow his army, if the general himself is not going to use it.”

(don’t have to write

Commander of Confederate Army

Used unorthodox war_

Offered by Lincoln to be _

opposed secession, but VA was _

The Seven Days Battle Fought McClellan for 7 days Outside of_ Lee was outnumbered & lost

more But McClellan would retreat

4.2 African Americans & War

What was the effect of the Emancipation Proclamation on the course of the war?

The pressure was on Lincoln

Northern Abolitionist

Antiwar Movements begin

confederacy received supported by G.B. & France

union was losing decisive battles

Union generals did not know what to do w/ slaves

Battle of Antietam

Sept 1862

Maryland

Lee hoped Marylanders would join the confederacy His army could get food supplies Victory on union soil w/ get European recognition for

confederacy

Lee’s Battle Plans are found wrapped around cigars.

23,000 dead/wounded on 1 day

Afterwards, McClellan chooses not to chase Lee into VA

5 days later Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

Military decree

Freed slaves in states that were under confederate control

Not slave in states that were under union control

Did it free slaves? no

The North now has something worth fighting for

Militia Act

mandates blacks to be accepted into the military

180k A.A. volunteers

54th MA regimentPort Hudson, MI

Fort Wagner, SC

4.3 Life During the Civil War

How did the Civil War bring temporary & lasting changes to

American society?

Northern Econ Raised tariffs

Brought in $, help_

Gov’t bonds Showed Patriotism $ given to gov’t, then later on gov’t repays $ @_

Legal Tender Act 1862 Union now has a single _ “_

Homestead Act 1862 handed out western land @_

Vs. Southern Econ Devastated by _ doubt in southern currency leads to _ Could not pay for the war

Draft Riots in NYC

Lincoln’s War on Civil Liberties

Income Tax Citizens who earn a salary are taxed more to _

Conscription Only _ Could get out w/ _ Normal pay in 1860= _ Is that fair?

Martial Law in NYC

Suspension of Habeus Corpus_ especially to those critical of Prez-Copperheads

Martial Law in NYC

Soldier Life

Why would young men want to join the war effort?

Families b.c. divided Especially on _ Some faced each other in battle

Camp life poor drinking _ for every soldier killed in battle, 2 died of disease Docs begin to use _

Prison camps Andersonville, GA

Andersonville

Clara Barton

New Work For Women

Men are away in battle, the community needs workers

Family businesses, farms, _

Some pretended to be men to fight in battle

Nursing Grows as a profession C

U.S. Sanitary Commission Hospitals in military installations

4.4 Turning Points of the Civil War

How did the Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg changes the course of

the war?

Vicksburg, MS

Vicksburg, MS

Fortress that could not be _

Key to North shutting down the MS River & completing _

Grant’s plan 1st take the capital - _ Then cut off supplies by destroying _ Finally place Vicksburg under_

After a month, Rebel troops _

The confederacy is now split into 2

Fredericksburg, VA

Fredericksburg, VA

Lee get 2 Victories

Fredericksburg, VA Ambrose Burnside replaces Union general _ Face off w/ Lee and loses USA 120K troops vs CSA 80K troops= USA casualties _

Chancellorsville, VA Lincoln replaces Burnside w/ Union general _ Lee defeats Hooker, but loses _

accidently shot by his own men

An Upset Robert E. Lee invades North for _

“General Jackson may have lost his left arm, but I have lost my right”

Gettysburg

Gettysburg, PA

Lincoln replaces Hooker w/ Union General _

Confederates go in to try to find shoes & run into _

Battle wages for _

The Civil War’s _

Americans causalities_

“Picketts Last Charge”_

Lee would retreat back to _

Gettysburg Address -

Sherman’s Burning

Grant’s Total War

CSA couldn’t get recognition by GB or FR b/c of _

Lincoln promotes U.S. Grant to head of entire Union force

New Strategy for North

Total War = Grant not only attack CSA forces, but also attacks _ Sparked outrage

Keep fighting Lee even if he loses _

North could replace their men, South _

Photography

Sherman’s Burning

William Tecumseh Sherman

Takes 60,000 troops

“March to the Sea”

Looted, Burned, Raped, and Murdered his way

From Atlanta, GA to _

From GA to _

William Tecumseh Sherman

Election of 1864

Lincoln is highly unpopular

Still defeats _

Popular Vote _

Electoral Vote _

4.5 The War’s End and Impact

What was the final outcome and impact of the war?

Surrender at Appomattox

Grant, Sheridan, & Sherman were

President Davis abandons Setting it a blaze

Lee & Grant met on April 9th, 1865 to discuss terms of the

Met in Appomattox Court House Lee’s men were paroled & After 4 long years the Civil War was

13th Amendment

Abolishes

Jan

After Lincoln’s

Republicans convince democrats to

27 states

Lincoln Assassination

5 days after Lee

April 14

Shot @ Ford’s Theatre

By John Wilkes He escapes for 12 Until he was trapped by

1st time a U.S. president had been

2 problems fixed: 1. Slavery 2. Secession

Civil War’s Lasting Impact

Northern Industries _

Southern economy is _

Photographs bring carnage to every American’s _

New opportunities for _

Veterans return home _

Federal Government is no longer _ Its now in every i_ States would be too afraid to _ Individuals realize they’re citizens of a nation &_