By Sophia Trigg and

Shea Sweeney

The United Kingdom

The Stuart Dynasty• The Stuart Dynasty lasted from 1603 – 1714

in England and Scotland.• During this time, there was a short republic for the

first time in history.• The Stuart Dynasty ended with the death of Queen

Anne.• It led to the Act of Settlement

in 1701 which said that only

protestants could hold the

throne.

Theocracy• The Irish were mostly Monks and Saints

during the time of The Stuart Dynasty.

Parliamentary Democracy• The overthrow of James II during the Glorious Revolution in 1688, began the modern English Parliamentary Democracy.

• The Monarch would never again hold absolute power.

• The Bill of Rights became the most important document in the political history of Britain.

The Hanoverian

Dynasty• The Hanoverian Dynasty

occurred from 1714 – 1837 and only had five monarchs

• Britain's first Prime Minister, Robert Walpole came into office and income tax was introduced.

• Britain gained most of their overseas territory during this time period.

• By the end of the Hanoverian Dynasty, the British empire covered a third of the globe.

The Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Dynasty

• The Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Dynasty was “at the beginning of the modern age in the early years of the twentieth century” (www.royal.gov.uk).

• The name Saxe-Coburg-Gotha came about when Queen Victoria married Prince Albert, son of Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

• King George V replaced the name Saxe-Coburg-Gotha with Windsor.

Constitutional Monarchy• Monarchy is the oldest form of

government in the United Kingdom.• When government is headed by a

king or queen it is a monarchy.• The British monarchy is known as a

constitutional monarchy. This means that the queen is Head of State, but the decisions lie with the elected Parliament.

• The monarch does not have political role but is still important to citizens and the nation.

The House of Windsor• The House of Windsor began in

1907 and is still the name of the royal family today.

• Kings and Queens have fulfilled many duties within the constitutional monarchy. One of them is raising the public morale during wars.

• The monarchs also play a vital part in “promoting international relations” (www.royal.gov.uk).

Development of the British Flag aka. The Union Jack

Timeline

Norman Conquest – Queen Victoria: by Sophia Trigg

Industrial Revolution – Tony Blair: by Shea Sweeney

Norman Conquest • The Norman conquest of

England was an invasion of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), in 1066.

• William, a Norman, conquered England in October 1066 during the battle of Hastings (see next slide).

• The Norman Conquest had many effects: linking England more closely with Continental Europe and creating one of the most powerful Monarchies in Europe.

Norman Conquest - 1066

Battle of Hastings• The Battle of Hastings was close but in the

end, Harold of England was killed and the Saxon army fled.

• William took the throne. In 1072, he moved north to stop the frequent rebellions of the Anglo-Saxons.

• The conquest of Wales took a long time. It finished in 1282 during the reign of King Edward I. Edward also tried to take over Scotland but did not really conquer it. Scotland kept a separate monarchy until 1603, and did not unite with England until 1707.

Battle of Hastings – October 14, 1066.

Magna Carta• Magna Carta is Latin for Great

Charter. It is an English Charter made in 1215.

• Its original purpose was to spell out the rights of the king. Magna Carta was written to settle a dispute between Pope Innocence III, King John and his English barons about the rights of the king.

• It has influenced many more recent documents like the Bill of Rights and the United States Constitution.

Magna Carta - 1215

Wars of the Roses• The Wars of the Roses were a series

of wars for the possession of the throne between the House of Lancaster and The House of York. They lasted from 1455-1485.

1. Both houses are branches of the Plantagenet royal house. They can both trace their lineage back to King Edward the Third.

• The last big battle was fought at Towton, where the Yorkists beat the Lancastrians. The Duke of York got crowned Edward IV in 1461.

Wars of the Roses – 1455 - 1485

Yorkshire RoseLancaster Rose

Henry VIII• He became King at eighteen years old.• He was famous for having six wives:

1. He married his dead brother’s wife, Catherine of Aragon.

2. The most famous wife, Anne Boleyn, had six fingers on one hand and some other deformities.

3. Jane Seymour, died.4. Anne of Cleves was remarkably ugly, but

the marriage was a good political idea.5. Catherine Howard turned out to be

smarter than Henry so he had her head chopped off.

6. The last was Katherine Parr. She outlived him.

• In total: three Catherines, two Annes and a Jane.

Henry VIII: Reign - April 22, 1509 – 28 January 1547

Henry VIII cont.• Born - 28 June 1491, Palace of

Placentia Reign - April 22, 1509 – 28 January 1547

• Father - Henry VII• Mother - Elizabeth of York• Royal House – Tudor• Predecessor - Henry VII• Coronation - 24 June 1509• Successor - Edward VI• Died - 28 January 1547, aged 55,

Palace of Whitehall• Buried - St George's Chapel at

Windsor Castle

Henry Tudor VIII – born 28 June 1491 – died 28 January 1547 aged 55

Elizabeth I• HM Queen Elizabeth I was

25 when crowned and was considered by the Catholics to be illegitimate.

• She wore ‘over the top’ clothing to disguise her not so pretty features.

• She also wore lead based face powder that ate away her skin.

Queen Elizabeth I: Reign - 17 November 1558 – 24 March 1603

Elizabeth I cont.• Born - 7 September 1533,

Palace of Placentia• Father - Henry VIII• Mother - Anne Boleyn, 2nd wife

of Henry VIII • Royal house - House of Tudor• Predecessor - Mary I • Coronation - 15 January 1559• Reign - 17 November 1558 –

24 March 1603• Successor - James I • Died - 24 March 1603,

Richmond Palace• Burial - Westminster Abbey

Elizabeth Tudor I – born 7 September 1533 – died 24 March 1603 aged 70

Princess Elizabeth

Oliver Cromwell• Oliver Cromwell was an English military and

political leader who was best known for making England a republic.

• He took control of England, Scotland and Ireland as Lord Protector, from December 16, 1653 until his death.

• He debated whether to take the crown himself but decided against it. But he had more power than Charles I

• Some historians think of him as a dictator and others think of him as a hero of liberty. But in a BBC Poll of 100 Greatest Britons, he was voted number 10.

• When the Royalists returned to power, they dug up Oliver’s corpse, hung it in chains and beheaded.

Oliver Cromwell: In Office - 16 December 1653 – 3 September 1658

Oliver Cromwell

cont.• Born - 25 April 1599

Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire • Spouse - Elizabeth Bourchier• Preceded by - Charles I (as

King)• In office - 16 December

1653 – 3 September 1658• Succeeded by - Richard

Cromwell• Died - September 3, 1658

Whitehall, London• Religion - Independent

Oliver Cromwell – born 25 April 1599 - died September 3, 1658 aged 59

Glorious Revolution• The Glorious Revolution is also

called the Revolution of 1688• It was the overthrow of James II

in 1688 by parliamentarians and William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange).

• The Glorious Revolution was the last successful invasion of England.

Glorious Revolution - 1688

British East India Company

• The British East India Company is also known as “John Company”. It was created in 1717.

• It was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600.

• The company eventually changed from a trading company to one that ruled India.

• It gained military and government functions

The East India Company Flag

The British East India Company – 1717 - 1858

Seven Years War• Prussia

• Great Britain

• Hanover

• Portugal

• Brunswick

• Hesse-Kassel

• Austria• France• Russia• Sweden• Spain• Saxony• Naples and Sicily• Sardinia

Vs.

Result: Treaty of Paris

Seven Years War - 1754 or 1756–1763

American Revolution• Lasted from 1775

– 1783.

• This war was the war in which America gained independence from the British Empire.

American Revolution – 1775 - 1783

Napoleonic Wars• The Napoleonic Wars were series of global

conflicts that happened during Napoleon Bonaparte’s rule of France.

• These wars revolutionized European Weapons.• The Napoleonic Wars ended on November 20

1815 after

Napoleons defeat at

Waterloo and the Second

Treaty of Paris.

Napoleonic Wars – 1803 - 1815

Wellington• The Duke of Wellington is a

title held by the most recent duke or duchess by the name of Wellesley.

• The first Duke of Wellington was Arthur Wellesley who took the title in 1769.

Wellington1st Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley: In Power – 1769 - 1852

Queen Victoria• Her reign lasted sixty-

three years and seven months, longer than that of any other British monarch.

• She was queen at the height of the Industrial Revolution.

• The Victorian era was named after her reign.

Queen Victoria: Reign - 20 June 1837–22 January 1901

Queen Victoria

cont.• Born - 24 May 1819, Kensington Palace, London,

England • Father - Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent• Mother - Victoria, Duchess of Kent• Full name - Alexandrina Victoria• Titles - HM The Queen HRH Princess Victoria of Kent• Royal house - House of Hanover• Predecessor - William IV• Coronation - 28 June 1838• Reign - 20 June 1837–22 January 1901• Successor - Edward VII• Died - 22 January 1901, Osborne House, Isle of Wight,

England• Burial - 2 February 1901 Frogmore, Windsor, England

Princess Victoria age 4

Alexandrina Victoria – born 24 May 1819 – died 22 January 1901 aged 82

Industrial Revolution• “The Industrial Revolution was the major shift in

technological and cultural conditions in the 18th century” (Wikipedia.com).

• It began in Britain and spread

from there to the rest of the

world.• Canals, and improved roads

and railways were introduced,

along with steam power.

Industrial Revolution – 18th Century

Crimean War• Location: Crimean Peninsula, Balkans,

Black Sea, Baltic Sea, and the Pacific Ocean. • Result: Allied victory• The Crimean War was fought between imperial

Russia and an alliance between France, the United Kingdom, and the Ottoman Empire.

• The war “introduced technical changes which affected the future course of warfare” (Wikipedia.com).

Crimean War - 1854 - 1856

Gladstone• William Ewart Gladstone was

the Prime Minister of England and was known for his populist (people’s party) speeches.

• He was regarded as one of the greatest British Prime Ministers by Winston Churchill.

• Gladstone was at odds with Queen Victoria and she once complained, “He always addresses me as if I were a public meeting.”

• His supporters knew him as “Grande Old Man” or “The People’s William”.

William Ewart Gladstone: In Office - 3 December 1868 – 17 February 1874

Gladstone• Born: 29 December 1809

Liverpool, England• Religion: Church of England

(Low church)• Preceded by: Benjamin

Disraeli• In office: 3 December

1868 – 17 February 1874• Political party: Conservative

and Liberal• Succeeded by: Benjamin

Disraeli– In office: 23 April

1880 – 9 June 1885• Died: 19 May 1898 Hawarden

Castle, Flintshire, Wales

William Ewart Gladstone – born 29 December 1809 - died 19 May 1898 aged 89

British Empire• The British Empire was the biggest empire in history for quite a

while. It was the result of the European ‘Age of Discovery’.• In 1912 the it had power over a population of about 458 million

people (one quarter of the world’s population), and covered about 14.2 million square miles.

• At the peak of its power it was said that the “sun never sets on the British Empire” because of the way the Empire was spread throughout the world (which ensured that the sun was always shining somewhere in the British Empire).

British Empire – 15th Century – approx. 1921

British Empire in 1914

World War I• Allied Powers: Central Powers:

Russian Empire Austria-Hungary France German Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Italy Bulgaria

United States • World War I was known as the “war to end all

wars” and much of the fighting was fought in trenches which spread from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland.

• The war caused the breakup of many empires including the German and Ottoman empires.

VS.

World War I - 1914 and 1918

Winston Churchill• Sir Winston Leonard

Spencer-Churchill was the best known prime minister of the United Kingdom during World War II.

• He was one of the most important leaders in modern Britain and world history.

Sir Winston Churchill: In Office - 10 May 1940 – 27 July 1945

Winston Churchill

• Preceded by: Neville Chamberlain

• In office:10 May 1940 – 27 July 1945

• Succeeded by: Clement Attlee

Sir Winston Churchill – born 30 November 1874 – died 24 January 1965 aged 91

World War II• The two major sides

in World War II were the Axis and the Allies.

• The Axis consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan.

• The Allies consisted of the US, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.

World War II - 1939 until 1945

The Battle of Britain• The Battle of Britain (or

Operation Sea Lion) took place when Luftwaffe (a German) tried to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF).

• The objectives of this attack were: to neutralize the RAF so future attacks on the British Isles could be made, destroy airplane production, to attack places of political significance, and to terrorize the British people.

• It was a victory for the British.

The Battle of Britain - July 1940 – May 1941

Clement Atlee• Clement Atlee was the Prime Minister of

Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1945 to 1951.

• Under Atlee, won the election for Prime Minister by a landslide over Winston Churchill who had just lead Britain though WWII.

• Part of his term was during the decolonization of a big part of the British Empire, where India, Burma, Ceylon, and Pakistan gained independence.

• His government made the major industries and public utilities as well as the creation of the National Health Service, nationwide.

Clement Atlee: In Office - 27 July 1945 – 26 October 1951

Clement Atlee• Born: 3 January 1883

Putney, London• Religion: Raised Anglican, but

personally believed in Athiesm• Preceded by: Sir Winston

Churchill• In Office: 27 July 1945 – 26

October 1951 • Political Party: Labour• Succeeded by: Sir Winston

Churchill • Died: 8 October 1967

London

Clement Atlee – born 3 January 1883 – died 8 October 1967 aged 84

Suez Crisis • The Suez Crisis was a war in 1956.• Egypt fought against Israel, the United Kingdom, and

France, on Egyptian territory.• The United Kingdom had gained control over the

Suez Canal in 1936 because of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty.

• In 1951, Egypt declared the treaty ‘null and void’ and the United Kingdom eventually agreed and pulled out. • The UK disagreed when the Egyptian leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser, made the Suez Canal Company national in 1956.• Eventually the UK, France, and Israel were forced to withdraw. The Crisis resulted in the British Prime Minister, Sir Anthony Eden, to resign.

The Suez Crisis - October 1956 – March 1957

Margaret Thatcher• Margaret Thatcher is the only

woman to ever hold the position of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

• She was the longest serving Prime Minister since Lord Salisbury and the longest continuous time in office since Lord Liverpool.

Margaret Thatcher: In Office - 4 May 1979 – 28 November 1990

Margaret Thatcher

• Preceded by: James Callaghan

• In office: 4 May 1979 – 28 November 1990

• Succeeded by: John Major

Margaret Thatcher – born 13 October 1925 – still alive age 81

Falklands War • The Falklands War was fought on

April 2, 1982 to June 14, 1982 over the Falkland Islands, South George, and the South Sandwich Islands.

• The United Kingdom fought against Argentina and ended

when Argentina surrendered to the British (even though neither

side actually declared war).• Today, Argentina is still not giving

up its claim to the Falkland Islands.

Falklands War - April 2, 1982 to June 14, 1982

Tony Blair• Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is the

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament.

• With Blair’s leadership, the Labour Party won the general election in 1997, which ended 18 years of government by the Conservative Party.

• On September 7, 2006, he said that he would step down, but has not yet given a date.

Tony Blair: In office - May 2, 1997 – Present Day

Tony Blair

• Preceded by: John Major

• Current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

• Assumed office May 2, 1997

Tony Blair - born May 6, 1953 – still alive age 53

Bibliography• Farman, John. The Very Bloody History of Britain (Without the Boring Bits!) the First Bit!

Vol. 1. London: Red Fox, 2001. 11-155.

• 1707."Norman Conquest of England." Wikipedia. 9 Mar. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest>.

• "History of the United Kingdom." Wikipedia. 9 Mar. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_UK>.

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• "Napoleonic Wars." Wikipedia. 27 Mar. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_wars>.

Bibliography cont.• 27 Mar. 2007 <http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/post/uk/ishiguro/rodsuez2.html>.

• "Margaret Thatcher." Wikipedia. 27 Mar. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher>.

• 27 Mar. 2007 <http://freespace.virgin.net/gordon.smith4/NAVAL1982FALKLANDS.htm>.

• "Falklands War." Wikipedia. 27 Mar. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War>.

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The sun never set on the British Empirebecause the sun sets in the West

and the British Empire was in the East. ~Anonymous Student