Frantz MartinacheSubaru Telescope

New tools to image new worlds

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Since 1995, many Extrasolar planets

http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Sunday, May 8, 2011

Before that, one example only...

Our own Solar System!

For ~ 400 years, astronomers agreed on a theory built from this one single example, that made perfect sense

smallrocky

big, gaseousand/or icy

http://www.wikipedia.org

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Mayor et Queloz, 1995, Nature, 378, 355

51 Pegasi

And then: Surprise!

Sunday, May 8, 2011

How can that be?

An exception maybe?

51 Pegasi

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Earth

Jupiter

15 years of observations pay off...

... the Solar System is the exception!Sunday, May 8, 2011

Charbonneau et al, 2000, ApJ, 529, L45

Mass + radius ➙ DensityModel planet interior

When planets cast shadows...

Transit of Venus, 2004Images by Olivier Lardière

(next one in 2012, visible from Hawaii, the one after: 2117!)

Light curve of HD209458

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Transiting planets teach a lot

HD 209458 is the exoplanet that know the best

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Now, where to look?

Movie by Olivier GuyonSunday, May 8, 2011

One space mission: Kepler

http://kepler.nasa.gov/

Launched in 2009Stares at the same region of the sky for 3.5-6 years

Sunday, May 8, 2011

An incredible harvest

15 confirmed planets, but... 1235 candidates!Moreover: Earth-like planets appear to be ubiquitous

Sunday, May 8, 2011

This is happening in our neighborhood

Sagittarius armOrion arm

our Galaxy, the Milky WaySunday, May 8, 2011

How about some pictures now?

51 Pegasi

51 Pegasi b

Euh... we have a problem here.

A two-fold difficulty:

1. Stars are bright, planets not so bright: blinded by the star

2. Stars are far: difficult to make star and planet apart

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Let’s learn from nature again!

The Moon is big/far enough to hide the Sun, and reveal the faint structures in the Solar Corona.

Total Solar Eclipse, 2001, Olivier Lardière

Sunday, May 8, 2011

... and reproduce this in the lab

Bernard Lyot, 1932

Les flammes du Soleil(1953)

http://www.cerimes.fr/le-catalogue/flammes-du-soleil.html

Sunday, May 8, 2011

But the problem isn’t quite the same

The coronagraph must operate on a very small region of the field of view.

The Sun A star

Sunday, May 8, 2011

It turns out that...

The image of a star depends on:- the telescope itself- the observing conditions

Alpha Ophiucus

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Simulations by Pr James Lloyd

Adaptive Optics

Sunday, May 8, 2011

How much does that help?A LOT !!!

Sunday, May 8, 2011

We begin to “see” planets

Both images were taken right here, from Mauna Kea!

GJ 758HR 8799

30 Myr old,3 (4?) 7Mj planetary companions

8 Gyr old,30 Mj @ 40 AU

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Planets within disks

Beta Pictoris b

Star:Spectral type: A6VAge: 12 Myr

Debris Disk:Warped, signs of comets falling on the central Star

Planet: 8 Mj @ 8 AU

Lagrange et al, 2008

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Planets seen from space

Star:Spectral type: A3VAge: 200 Myr

Planet: 1 Mj @ 115 AU

Imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope, at visible wavelength.

Sunday, May 8, 2011

The Habitable Zone

The window is very shallow... and close to the starWe have developed the ideas and the technology to do it

GJ 758

Sunday, May 8, 2011

Taming the light to look closer to stars!

SCExAO Sunday, May 8, 2011

Extrasolar planets: Subaru is on the hunt

HiCIAOSCExAO

SubaruHiCIAO operational and observing since ~2009

Next SCExAO observations: July Stay tuned for results!

http://www.scexao.blogspot.comhttp://www.frantzmartinache.com/blog/

Sunday, May 8, 2011