The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) Project
Mamoru Doi, University of Tokyo, On behalf of TAO project
The 3rd Workshop on Large Aperture Sub/mm Telescope in the ALMA EraMar. 10-11, 2015 @NAOJ, Mitaka, Japan
GoalA 6.5-m Infrared-optical telescopeat the summit of Co. Chajnantor(Altitude 5,640m)
The highest astronomical observatory in the world
The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) project
TAO team
Prof. Yuzuru Yoshii Director & Project Leader TAO members at IoA
3 Professors, 4 Associate Professors, 5 Assistant Professors, 4 Engineers, 3 postdocs
Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo
Dept of Astronomy UT, NAOJ, JAXA, other Japanese universitiesUniv. of Chile: Profs. Bronfman, Hamuy, Maza, Ruiz, Mendez, …Univ. of Catolica: Profs. Infante, Vanzi,Univ. of ConcepciónChilean Government: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CONICYT , .. Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope (CCAT) project (25-m sub-mm telescope)
Headquarters at Mitaka, Tokyo Kiso Observatoryat Nagano
1m- SchmidtTelescope
Mt.Chajnantor (5640m) at Andes&Atacama Desertin northern Chile
Nearest Town ~50kmSan Pedro de Atacama (~2400m)
Nearest Airport ~150kmCalama airport
Chile
Salar de Atacama
●
San Pedro de Atacama
2km
●
TAO
ALMA
Site TAO （5640m）6.5-m Infrared-optical
CCAT (5600m)25-m sub-mm
Site Studies (since ~1999)
Clear fraction : ~ 80%
Perceptible water vapor : < 0.38mm @ best 10%
Seeing condition : 0.69 arcsec @ V, median
One of the best sitesfor the IR astronomy
Weather station
MIR wholeSky camera
DIMM(seeing monitor)
2006-(access roadcompleted)
The miniTAO 1-m telescopea pathfinder telescope of the TAO project
Completed in March 2009 Two instruments (NIR, MIR)Operation ~2months x 1-2 / year; 10% for Chile communityRemote operation from SPdA
ANIRnear infrared camera
MAX38mid infrared camera
ANIR – an near-IR (& optical) imager
Galactic Center (SgrA)
✓Paα (1.875µm) imaging from the ground
- Galactic HII Region Survey in Paα- Nearby LIRG and merging galaxies survey
TAO 5,640m
2,600m
MAX38 – a mid-IR imager & spectrometer✓explores 30 micron astronomical windows
10″
TAO 5,640m
2,600m
- 30 micron imaging from the ground- Decommissioned in 11/2013
10″10″
Planetary Nebula : NGC6302 Jupiter LBV : η CarNear Earth object2005YU55
Radi
ance
of I
O a
t 8.9
um
Longitude
Observations with the miniTAOObserving runs since the first light in 2009
Scientific Observing Programs of miniTAOSolar System- MIR observations of near earth asteroids*- MIR monitoring of volcanic activity on Io*
Stars and Planets- K-band transit of earth-like planets*- Galactic plane survey with the Paα emission line- Observations of massive star forming regions- NIR survey of eclipsing YSO binaries*- Search for WR stars in LMC- Cold dust around planetary nebulae- Water line survey of M type stars- Long term variability of AGB stars- Observations of supernovae in NIR*
Galaxies- Hidden star-forming activity of colliding galaxy*- Paα imaging survey of LIRGs- Monitoring of active galactic nuclei- Infrared observations of gravitational lensing quasars
6 programs (with asterisk) by the other institutes or universities
6 refereed papers published
10% Chilean time
Site condition verified by the miniTAO
47 Tuctaken by a test CCDcamera
FWHM=0.5 arcsec(optical)
31 um Sky background count
Obj
ect s
igna
l cou
nt
Very low PWV
low PWV (normal condition)
FWHM(median)〜0.7 arcsec (DIMM)〜0.8 arcsec (ANIR; somewhat
under sampled?)
seeing PWVPWV
< 0.38 mm (10 %-ile from site studies)〜0.3 – 1.0 mm (MAX38 & atm. model)< 0.03 mm is estimated in champion data
data (2010/10/03) +
The 6.5-m TAO telescope• Best Infrared Telescope on the earth
– Frontiers in astronomy through the new atmospheric windowscosmology; galaxy evolution; exo-planets; …….
– Telescope construction budget funded in January 2013– Primary being polished– Telescope Mount, Enclosure : detailed design, being built in part– First Light 2018(?)
• 1st generation instruments– SWIMS (NIR), MIMIZUKU (MIR)– Funded by Japanese government in 2009– Almost completed– Will be attached on the Subaru telescope
for test observations (2016?)
TelescopeMount: by Nishimura Co Ltd. (Kyoto)AG/SH: by Kyoto Nijikoubou
Telescope MountDetailed design being madeNasmyth 2 BentCas 2 F/12
Auto-guider/ Shack Hartmann sensorDetailed design being made
Two Infrared Instrumentsat Nasmyth
Two Bent-Cassegrain foci
Enclosure and Summit Facility
Enclosure and Summit operation buildingDetailed design being madeby Kokusai Land Development and
Nishimura Co. Ltd.
27m
18.5m
13m
16m
9m
4.8m
Φ24m
12.7m
Mirror Coating PlantDetailed design being madeby Sanko-seikojyo
SWIMS (for NIR)• Simultaneous-band Wide field Infrared MOS
Spectrograph– Simultaneous imaging/
spectroscopy in 2 bands(0.9-1.4 um & 1.4-2.5 um)
– Wide field of view withgood pixel resolution9.6’ Φ, 0.126 arcsec/pix,with 2 x 4k x 4k pixels
– Multi-object spectroscopywith cooled multi-slit masks0.9-2.5µm simultaneous spectroscopyfor ~30 objects (R~1000)IFU module also under development HAWAII-2RG
x2 for each
Slit maskIFU
TAO-NIR1
VISTA
TMT
KeckVLT
Subaru
JWSTHST
UKIRTCFHT
(PSF different)
TAO telescope FoV
Science drivers for SWIMS• Features of TAO/SWIMS
– almost continuous coverage in 0.9 – 2.5 um– Wide field imaging and multi-object spectroscopy
• TAO-NIR deep & wide survey– Deeper with better image quality than VISTA– high-z galaxies, distant clusters,
QSOs, SNe, Kilonova,minor planets, ..
Little transmittance at TAO site Little transmittance at ~2600m
MIMIZUKU (for MIR)• Mid-Infrared Multi-field Imager for gaZing
at the UnKnown Universe– Wide wavelength coverage
• InSb channel : 2-5.6um• Si:As channel : 6-26um• Si:Sb channel : 25-38um
– Diffraction limited spatial resolution• 0.4 arcsec @ 10 micron• 0.8 arcsec @ 20 micron• 1.2 arcsec @ 30 micron
– For accurate monitoring observations• simultaneous observations of two
discrete fields by the field stacker– New technology
• Internal chopping• Mesh filter• Moth-eye lens coating
Field stackerunit
Opticallayout for3 channels
NIR
MIR-LMIR-S
Science drivers for MIMIZUKU• Features of TAO/MIMIZUKU
– High sensitivity, high angular-resolution at 30 um bands– Accurate monitoring capability using the field stacker
• Targets– Proto-planetary disk and planet formation– Dust formation around stars and planetary nebulae
quiescence outburst
EX Lupi (FU Ori type, T Tauri star)
Abraham+ 2009
Amorphous+ crystallized silicate
amorphous silicate
THz window at Cerro Chajnantor (Right) compared with ALMA site (Left)
TAO as a 6.5-m THz telescope?
Bustos et al. 2014
Alminum skin depth design ~100nmtest sample →
• a new building is being built – Land owned by UTokyo ~14000m^2 inside SPdA town– Laboratory, bedrooms (5), kitchen,..– to be completed by Sep. 2014– Inauguration Ceremony Nov.21, 2014
base facility at San Pedro de Atacama
with Chile
Former President Piñera gave a talk At the Univ. of Tokyo on March 28, 2012
A shared postdoc with Univ. of CatolicaA graduate student to become a posdoc in Univ. of ChileMoU among DoA, IoA UT and DoA Concepcion…
Mayor Berna visited JapanIn Augusut 2012
The first light ceremony of the miniTAO 1-m telescopeon July 7, 2010 with MoF and CONICYT
UTokyo forum in Chile wth PUC and UCh.In Nov.2013 ~14 workshops
Oct.8, 9 2014“Chile-Japan Academic Forum in UTokyo”
Current Status of Construction Major components now under construction
Primary, secondary, and tertiary mirrors Telescope structure, mirror cells, enclosure … Fabrication of major parts will completed by
the end of FY2014
Primary mirror cell
Tertiary mirror
Secondary mirror
Primary mirror @ U-ArizonaCenter Section
Summary
• Chajnantor site: High transmittance in IR and good seeing
• miniTAO telescope (1m) Scientific results in NIR and MIR wavelengthsRemote operation from SPdA since 2011ABase Facility at SPdA to be built by September 2014
• TAO telescope (6.5m) in constructionPrimary to be completed within one yearTwo instruments being built and commissioned with SubaruTAO first Light 2018?
