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The Urban Experience
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The Urban Experience
•Compare and contrast the origins of “Old” and “New” immigration.
•What opportunities and problems were present in the growing urban areas?
•Describe the evolution of the Social Gospel Movement.
IMMIGRATION
-Old Immigration
Western Europe
-New Immigration, 1890
Eastern & Southern Europe
Asian Immigration
Hispanic Immigration
New Immigrants
• In the decades after the Civil War, more and more Europeans immigrated to America.– They differed from earlier immigrant groups from
northern and western Europe who were typically Protestant, spoke English, and arrived with the government’s welcome.
– The new immigrants came from eastern and southern Europe, often were Jewish or Catholic, and usually spoke no English.
• The U.S. government welcomed the wealthy but forced poorer people to pass health and welfare tests at government reception centers such as Ellis Island in the New York Harbor.
Immigration
• Whether Asian or European, these new immigrants tended to settle in areas populated by people from the same countries who spoke the same languages and worshipped in the same ways.– The new immigrants were usually poor because they
came from politically unstable countries.• They usually worked as unskilled laborers in big cities
because they could not afford to buy farmland.– In cities, they created communities to imitate cultures of their
home countries.– These immigrants did not blend into American society like
earlier immigrants had.
NEW LIFE
-Difficult journey
-Ellis Island, NY
immigrant processing
-Angel Island, SF
-Culture Shock
Anti-Immigration
• Ellis Island: Immigrant Station in New York Harbor– Between 1870 and 1920, approximately
20 million Europeans passed through the “Golden Door”
• Many Americans were not open to the “melting pot” idea of the US and some strong anti-immigrant feelings grew – Chinese laborers in the West faced
racism and violence
NEW LIFE
-Culture Shock
*ethnic communities
formed
-Melting Pot
-Nativism
Old immigrants vs. new immigrants
* Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
No more immigration of Chinese laborers
URBAN GROWTH
-Urban life
1 in 12 in 1840
1 in 3 by 1900
-Immigrant settlements
-Decline of farmers
new technology required fewer workers
-Closing of the frontier
-Industrialization
-Cultural opportunities
URBAN PROBLEMS
-Poor housing
row houses and
tenements- substandard multi-family dwellings in major urban areas.
-Transportation
-Rising crime rates
Typical urban tenement living
URBAN PROBLEMS
-Few city services
no water
no sanitation
no fire
-Pollution and disease
RAISING AWARENESS
-Social Gospel
Christian theme of helping the less fortunate
“It is the responsibility of those who have to help those who have not”
Salvation Army
-Jacob Riis
“How the Other Half Lives”
Photographer
Jacob Riis
Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives Photographs
Children Sleeping
Homeless Children
Bandit’s Roost
RAISING AWARENESS
-Social Gospel
Christian theme of helping the less fortunate
Salvation Army
-Jane Addams
Hull House, Chicago
Settlement Houses
Provided social services for the poor
The Urban Experience
•Compare and contrast the origins of “Old” and “New” immigration.
•What opportunities and problems were present in the growing urban areas?
•Describe the evolution of the Social Gospel Movement.