The Usage Of Biofeedback Techniques At Schools In The ...umpir.ump.edu.my/11905/1/The Usage Of...

The Usage Of Biofeedback Techniques At Schools In The District Of

Maran To Invervene Drugs Abuse And Diciplinary Cases

Center for Modern Languages & Human Sciences, University Malaysia Pahang,

Biofeedback techniques have been

identified to be able to

disorders and provid

disorder. This program was

to provide knowledge and skills to the school

counselors on the use of Biofeedback

equipment, protocols and Biofeedback

intervention to help high school students who

have been

involved in disciplin

recover from the problems. The program

started by developing the use of Biofeedback

protocol, module development and

acquisition of Biofeedback equipment. A total

of 19 schools with 39 teachers and 165

students have been involved with this project.

As a result of the program, it

that all the four project objectives have been

achieved. 80% of

involved in this project

biofeedback device

to use biofeedback protocol which

developed. About 84% of

received guidance from the teachers

to change the status of coherence score of the

heart rate variability. 38% of the students

were able to improve

performance and 66% of them

improve their behavio

project had

teachers were

counseling sessions through Biofeedback

techniques. Students involved

to make changes

that this project w

would master the

through the implementation of this project.

Keywords: Biofeedback, discipline,

intervention programs, teacher, school, heart

rate variability



Nubli Wahab. Nazrolnizah Noorzeli. Azham Abdul Rahman


Abstract


identified to be able to

disorders and provide

disorder. This program was





have been identified as

involved in disciplinary


by developing the use of Biofeedback





As a result of the program, it


achieved. 80% of the

involved in this project we

biofeedback devices; they

biofeedback protocol which

developed. About 84% of

received guidance from the teachers



re able to improve

performance and 66% of them

improve their behaviours

d an impact on schools in which

were capable


techniques. Students involved

to make changes to their attitudes. It

that this project would continue and students

master the knowledge and skills gained




rate variability





Abstract


identified to be able to detect emotional

intervention for the

disorder. This program was being introduced





abusing drugs and

ary misconduct







As a result of the program, it has been


the teachers who

were able to use

; they were also capable

biofeedback protocol which was

developed. About 84% of the students who

received guidance from the teachers we



re able to improve their academic

performance and 66% of them were

s. The results of this

an impact on schools in which

ble in improv


techniques. Students involved were also able

their attitudes. It is hoped

continue and students

knowledge and skills gained








Gambang.

[email protected]


detect emotional

intervention for the

introduced





abusing drugs and

misconducts to



protocol, module development and the




has been found


teachers who were

re able to use the

re also capable

was being

students who

were able



academic

able to

. The results of this

an impact on schools in which

improving


re also able

is hoped

continue and students

knowledge and skills gained



International

Putrajaya Marriott Hotel





Gambang.

[email protected]

1. Introduction

Biofeedback

help an individual to control self

emotion an

are being fitted to a client in order to obtain

physiological changes data

EMG, GSR).

individual’s actual condition at that time

These physiological information are the

results of psychological reactions in which

any psychological changes would affect the

physiology

information is i

training program

training,

implemented was to change the psychological

component which is difficult to be seen and

measured.

the mind change

the EEG.

measured through the

changes in the heart is being measured

through the

techniques are important in the rehabilitation

and intervention program i

of the individual’s recovery and the ability to

control him/herself against drugs addiction

could be observed

The

used to measure internal characteristic

changes such as physiological and

psychological changes

changes could be measured through the

brainwave frequency

Variability

M., et al., 2007),

(GSR) dan

P. M., Tren

2004). The importance of these techniques are

to determine the psychological strength status

(mental, emo

International Conference






ntroduction

Biofeedback is a technique being used to


and heart). The


physiological changes data

EMG, GSR). These physiological





physiology. The combination of this

information is important in the intervention

training program. The objective of the

, rehabilitation



measured. Through Biofeedback

the mind changes could be measured by using

EEG. The emotional changes are being

measured through the


through the HRV.


and intervention program i



could be observed.

The Biofeedback



psychological changes


brainwave frequency

Variability-HRV (Karavidas, M.K., Lehrer, P.

M., et al., 2007), Galvanic Skin Resistance

(GSR) dan Skin Conduction

P. M., Trengove, C., et al., 2005; Moss D.,

The importance of these techniques are


(mental, emotion, physiology

Conference on Knowledge Transfer, 2015

Putrajaya Marriott Hotel, MALAYSIA, 1





is a technique being used to


The Biofeedback


physiological changes data (EEG, PPG, HRV,

These physiological data





The combination of this

mportant in the intervention

The objective of the

rehabilitation and therapy being



Biofeedback techniques

s could be measured by using

The emotional changes are being

measured through the EMG, whereas


HRV. The usage of these


and intervention program in which the extent



techniques are being



psychological changes. An individual’s


brainwave frequency (ECG), Heart Rate

HRV (Karavidas, M.K., Lehrer, P.

Galvanic Skin Resistance

Skin Conduction-SC (Alexander,

gove, C., et al., 2005; Moss D.,



physiology) through the

on Knowledge Transfer, 2015

MALAYSIA, 1-3 December




is a technique being used to

help an individual to control self (mind,

Biofeedback devices


(EEG, PPG, HRV,

data are the

individual’s actual condition at that time.




The combination of this

mportant in the intervention

The objective of the

therapy being



techniques,

s could be measured by using

The emotional changes are being

whereas the


The usage of these


n which the extent



are being



An individual’s


Heart Rate

HRV (Karavidas, M.K., Lehrer, P.

Galvanic Skin Resistance

SC (Alexander,

gove, C., et al., 2005; Moss D.,



through the

on Knowledge Transfer, 2015,

3 December 2015

,

2015

changes in physiological detection happening

to them.

individual would know the status of the mind

by the brainwave frequency.

heart status by the

changes from

This technique is being used to know the

individual’s emotional condition

ability to balance the

Parasympathetic

The usage of

the potential in helping an individual doing

self changes with the assistance of

Biofeedback

physiological changes that occur in a person at

a very small scale

brainwave,

temperature,

skin reactions

strains would be detected and

Biofeedback

would be detected and cleansed by the

Biofeedback

analysis. Cleansing is required because there

are movements or

accurate analysis processes

The issues of disciplinary violations

among secondary school students

eradication of drugs abuse is the main agenda

of the Malaysian Ministry of Education every

year. The drugs problem in schools should not

be taken for granted because it could become

worse if the problem is not eradicated

(AADK, 2013).

intervention programs in schools especially

secondary schools are important to be

implemented in order to monitor and prevent

drugs abuse among

Some of the students who have disciplinary

problems are also actively involved in taking

drugs, alcohol,

(Botvin, 2000).

The problem being faced now is the

intervention techniques being used at present

could not show the students’ changes

objectively because there is no clear

measurement.

implementation of intervention processes

level of recovery is seen through behaviours

continuously throughout the duration of the

students’ rehabilitation program

through Biofeedback

performance could be clearly measured


. Through this technique

dual would know the status of the mind

by the brainwave frequency.

heart status by the Heart Rate Variability

from HF frequency


individual’s emotional condition

lity to balance the

Parasympathetic systems.

The usage of Biofeedback



Biofeedback devices that would detect any


a very small scale. Biological d

, differences in pulse

, respiratory sequences

skin reactions and differences in muscle

would be detected and

Biofeedback devices. These biological d


Biofeedback encoder for more accurate

Cleansing is required because there

are movements or artifacts that would disru

accurate analysis processes


among secondary school students



The drugs problem in schools should not

n for granted because it could become


AADK, 2013). The drugs addiction




drugs abuse among students



ohol, cannabis

(Botvin, 2000).



not show the students’ changes

vely because there is no clear

measurement. This situation complicates the



ly throughout the duration of the

s’ rehabilitation program




Through this technique


by the brainwave frequency.(Alpha and

Heart Rate Variability

frequency, to LF dan VLF.


individual’s emotional condition an

lity to balance the Sympathetic

.




devices that would detect any


Biological data including

differences in pulse, changes in

respiratory sequences, galvanic

differences in muscle

would be detected and recorded by the

These biological d


encoder for more accurate


cts that would disru

accurate analysis processes.


among secondary school students an






The drugs addiction




students (Botvin, 2000).



cannabis and marijuana





This situation complicates the




s’ rehabilitation program. However,

techniques, the students’



Through this technique, the


a and Beta),


LF dan VLF.


and the

Sympathetic and

techniques has



devices that would detect any


including

changes in

galvanic

differences in muscle

recorded by the

These biological data


encoder for more accurate


cts that would disrupt


and the






The drugs addiction




(Botvin, 2000).



marijuana





This situation complicates the

implementation of intervention processes. The



However,

the students’

performance could be clearly measured.

International



intervention program could be more effective

because students and their counsellors know

the status of the students’ recovery and how to

help them change themselves.

Biofeedback

level of students’ recovery but also being used

as intervention programs for them

objectives of the implementation of this

project we

Biofeedback

detecting the effects of drugs addiction

train the counsellors to use

therapies

drugs addiction

addicted to drugs treat themselves by using

Biofeedback

counsellors

devices to assist them in recovery processes

2. Literatures Review

Biofeedback

an individual learns how to alter the

psychological and physiological balance in

order to increase health and job performance

(Gilbert an

been proven to be effective in dealing with

drugs abuse and psychological syndr

such as depression

2008). Biofeedback

the alternative approaches to medications a

therapies

nowadays are looking for alternative therapy

methods that

active role in taking care of him/her own

health, 2)

the body, mind and soul

nature, an

the body (Jonas an

Biofeedback

holistic therapies

mind and emotion affect the physiology and

also thought and emotion.

an individual to

consciousness

functions

increase the flexibility of physiology

positive effects gained from

trainings are to increase health level

and performnace

2008). These

been widely used

of increasing soldiers’ performance

medical field as a therapy for

handling s






tatus of the students’ recovery and how to


Biofeedback technique not only measures the




were to 1; train the counsellors to use

Biofeedback techniques in the process of



in order to overcome the effects of

drugs addiction, 3; train the students who



counsellors and students

to assist them in recovery processes

Literatures Review

Biofeedback is a technique that




(Gilbert and Moss, 2003)



such as depression (Yucha an

Biofeedback an


(Lake and Moss, 2003).


methods that 1) give an


2) involve holistic considerations of

the body, mind and soul

and 4) obtain self healing reactions of

(Jonas and Levin, 1999).

Biofeedback and

holistic therapies, that show the changes in


also thought and emotion.

an individual to self regulate

consciousness, increase control over brain

functions , and nervous system as well as


positive effects gained from


rformnace (Yucha an

hese Biofeedback

been widely used in military with the purpose

of increasing soldiers’ performance


handling stress, PTSD,



Through this technique, the implemented





technique not only measures the





techniques in the process of


train the counsellors to use Biofeedback


train the students who


techniques and train the

students use Biofeedback

to assist them in recovery processes

Literatures Review

is a technique that




Moss, 2003). This method has



(Yucha and Montgomery,

and Neurofeedback a


Moss, 2003). The public


give an individual a more


involve holistic considerations of

the body, mind and soul, 3) are not invasive in

obtain self healing reactions of

Levin, 1999).

d Neurofeedback

that show the changes in


also thought and emotion. Biofeedback

self regulate, increase mind

increase control over brain

rvous system as well as


positive effects gained from Biofeedback


(Yucha and Montgomery,


in military with the purpose

of increasing soldiers’ performance,


tress, PTSD, insomnia, hypertensi



the implemented




help them change themselves. The

technique not only measures the


as intervention programs for them. The



techniques in the process of

detecting the effects of drugs addiction, 2;

Biofeedback


train the students who were


train the

Biofeedback

to assist them in recovery processes.

is a technique that enables




This method has


drugs abuse and psychological syndromes

Montgomery,

eurofeedback are

the alternative approaches to medications and

The public


individual a more


involve holistic considerations of

are not invasive in

obtain self healing reactions of

urofeedback are

that show the changes in


Biofeedback trains

increase mind

increase control over brain

rvous system as well as

increase the flexibility of physiology. The

Biofeedback

trainings are to increase health level, learning

Montgomery,

techniques have

in military with the purpose

, usage in

medical field as a therapy for ADHD,

nsomnia, hypertension


3 December 2015

,

2015

and others. The techniques are also being used

in sports to increase athletes’ performance

Biofeedback

upgrade the mind concentration and learning

achievements

According to

problems of drugs abuse among teenagers and

youth in Malay

and should be eradicated soone

because they involve social problems and

moral decadence

youth is being caused by many problems such

as family breakdowns

holds barred socializing

poverty, mental health issues

influences (Rusdi et al., 2008).

involvements in juvenile cases have caused

negative impacts to the other family members

conmunity a

1997). From the beginning

be exposed to becom

would complicate the intervention process

Until today

threat to the country

drugs abuse is getting contagious

and involves all walks of life

Azman (2005

happen among low income group of people, it

has spread

age and gender

has the potential to become involved in drugs

abuse without taking into account

or gender (Azman, 2005).

AADK

who become addicts as early as 13 years old.

In average,

and 238 repeated addicts

month (AADK

mentioned that there has

cases of drugs addiction among youth up

to15.5%. For that

required to handle the drugs abuse problems

among school students

intervention technique is one of the

recommended alternative metho

2001). Most theories about drugs addiction

indicated that stress plays an important role in

increasing the use of drugs and repeated

diseases (Sinha, 2001).

contributes to repeated addiction among youth

after undergoing treat

al., 2008). For that

are expedient for rehabilitation intervention in

The techniques are also being used


dback is also being used in education to


achievements.

According to Rusdi et al.,


youth in Malaysia are considered as chronic

and should be eradicated soone


moral decadence. The drugs abuse among


as family breakdowns, academic problems,

holds barred socializing

mental health issues

(Rusdi et al., 2008).



and public (Dickinson an

From the beginning

be exposed to become drug addicts and this


Until today, drugs have become a major

threat to the country (AADK, 2013).

drugs abuse is getting contagious

d involves all walks of life

Azman (2005) drugs abuse does not only


to richer group of people beyond

age and gender. It shows that, every individual


abuse without taking into account

(Azman, 2005).

AADK has detected that there are youth


, there are about

repeated addicts

AADK, 2013).

mentioned that there has


For that, more holistic s


among school students


recommended alternative metho

Most theories about drugs addiction



(Sinha, 2001). The main factor that


after undergoing treatment is stress

For that, biofeedback




is also being used in education to


Rusdi et al., (2008


are considered as chronic

and should be eradicated soonest possible


The drugs abuse among


academic problems,

holds barred socializing, pressures due to

mental health issues and

(Rusdi et al., 2008). The youth’s



(Dickinson and

From the beginning, youth are easier to

drug addicts and this


rugs have become a major

(AADK, 2013).

drugs abuse is getting contagious in Malaysia

d involves all walks of life. According to

s abuse does not only


richer group of people beyond

It shows that, every individual


abuse without taking into account status, age

(Azman, 2005).

has detected that there are youth


there are about 398 new addicts

being detected every

, 2013). The report also

mentioned that there has been an increase in


more holistic strategi


among school students and biofeedback


recommended alternative method




The main factor that


ment is stress (Rusdi et

iofeedback techniques



in sports to increase athletes’ performance.

is also being used in education to


2008) the


are considered as chronic

st possible


The drugs abuse among


academic problems, no

pressures due to

peers’

The youth’s


negative impacts to the other family members,

Crowe,

youth are easier to

drug addicts and this

would complicate the intervention process.

rugs have become a major

(AADK, 2013). The

Malaysia

According to

s abuse does not only


richer group of people beyond

It shows that, every individual


status, age

has detected that there are youth


new addicts

being detected every

The report also

been an increase in


trategies are


iofeedback


(Sinha,




The main factor that


(Rusdi et

techniques


International


order to assist youth facing stress problems

(HeartMath, 2009).

Statisti

youth are

that lead to decrease in involvement at school

and increase in behavioural and other social

problems

drugs abuse is closely related to negative

behavioural component

misconducts among students

grades, truancy problems

being influenced not only by intellectual

functions,

organizational and social skills

appropriate behaviours

Studies in Malaysia indicated that

abuse among youth could be related to

aggressive behaviours and suicides

al., 2013).

The

processes of all human’s components

simultaneously and the effects of these

changes are being observed by computers

(Lehrer, 2007).

not being involved in the training process

effects of the trainings would not be accurate

(Lehrer, 2007).

students occur because there are disorders in

human’s self components

Therefore

that changes could progress well

to Moss D. an

these changes would stimulate mind changes

This is because

oxygen is bein

the brain to be more active in accepting

changes (Moss D. & Sheffer, 2006).

program,

students’ minds by giving encouragements in

order to stimulate the minds to change

However,

academic problems

are stressful with high VLF spctrum

which could not concentrate on their studies

hyperventila

emotion an

perform

Biofeedback

change negative conditions to positive




(HeartMath, 2009).

Statistics show that drugs abuse among

youth are being caused by peers’



(King dan lain


behavioural component

misconducts among students

truancy problems


, but also by

organizational and social skills

appropriate behaviours




al., 2013).

The Biofeedback




(Lehrer, 2007). If one of the components were



(Lehrer, 2007). Behavioural disorders among


human’s self components

, the diorders should be corrected so

that changes could progress well

Moss D. and Shaffer (2006),


This is because, the blood which is rich with

oxygen is being supplied to the brain


(Moss D. & Sheffer, 2006).

, teachers need to stimulate the



, students with disciplinary and

academic problems, they possess hearts which



ntilation respiration

and weak physiology to learn and

any duties

feedback trainings being provided would





that drugs abuse among

caused by peers’ influences



dan lain-lain, 2006).


behavioural component and disciplinary

misconducts among students. Falling school

truancy problems and dropouts are


but also by motiva

organizational and social skills as well as

appropriate behaviours (King et al., 2006).




Biofeedback training is changing




If one of the components were



Behavioural disorders among


human’s self components (Nubli, 2008).

the diorders should be corrected so

that changes could progress well. According

Shaffer (2006), the effects of


the blood which is rich with

g supplied to the brain


(Moss D. & Sheffer, 2006).

teachers need to stimulate the



nts with disciplinary and

they possess hearts which



on respiration (fast),

weak physiology to learn and

any duties (Nubli, 2008).

trainings being provided would





that drugs abuse among

influences



, 2006). The


d disciplinary

alling school

dropouts are


motivation,

as well as

(King et al., 2006).

Studies in Malaysia indicated that the drugs


(Chan et

training is changing




If one of the components were

not being involved in the training process, the


Behavioural disorders among


(Nubli, 2008).

the diorders should be corrected so

According

the effects of

these changes would stimulate mind changes.

the blood which is rich with

g supplied to the brain, enabling


(Moss D. & Sheffer, 2006). In this

teachers need to stimulate the


order to stimulate the minds to change.

nts with disciplinary and

they possess hearts which

are stressful with high VLF spctrum, minds

which could not concentrate on their studies,

), rerstless

weak physiology to learn and

(Nubli, 2008). The

trainings being provided would

change negative conditions to positive through


3 December 2015

,

2015

continuous trainings

important to familiarize students with the

rerquired changes

basic trainings

important for students to upgrade the required

skills. The B

continuous trainings. Repeated trainings are


rerquired changes. At the same time

asic trainings and behavioural changes are


The Biofeedback training processes are

Repeated trainings are


At the same time, academic

behavioural changes are


training processes are

Repeated trainings are


academic

behavioural changes are


training processes are

International


very important to be related to academic

trainings and normal discipline developments

because this is where students

actual techniques to apply self changes in

order to achieve the provided trainings

objectives





because this is where students



objectives.





because this is where students would learn the







would learn the




3 December 2015

,

2015

3. Project Methodology

techniques

To train counsellors using Biofeedback therapy

Biofeedback

To train students

Project Methodology

To train counsellors using B

techniques in the pro

of drugs addiction


overcome the effects of drugs addiction

To train counsellors and students using

iofeedback devices

To train students who take drugs heal them

from addiction by using

Project Methodology

Figure 1:

Objective 1

To train counsellors using B

process of detecting the effects

of drugs addiction

Objective 2



Objective 4


devices to assist them in recovery

processes

Objective 3

who take drugs heal them

from addiction by using Biofeedback

Printing of Materials

Preparation of Students’ Training

Program implementation advanced training to counsellors

1: flowchart of project

To train counsellors using Biofeedback

of detecting the effects

of drugs addiction




assist them in recovery

who take drugs heal themselves

Biofeedback

inting of Materials / P

reparation of Students’ Training


students an

International


flowchart of project methodolog

of detecting the effects

To train counsellors using Biofeedback therapy to

Summary

final report

assist them in recovery

selves

Project Preparation

/ Purchasing Devices

reparation of Students’ Training

Workshop


and data collection by the researcher



odology

Summary and

eport

Met

Transfer of Knowledge Workshop on The

Usage of

Devices

Method 2 (

Transfer of Knowledge

Usage of

Coherence Coach

Method 4 (

Workshop on The Usage of

sensor

rehabilitation techniques

Method 3 (


Usage of

Devices

roject Preparation

urchasing Devices & Biofeedback

reparation of Students’ Training Module

Workshop 4


data collection by the researcher



Method 1 (Workshop


Usage of EmWave PC

Devices / EMwave PSR

Method 2 (Workshop


Usage of Biofeedback EmWave PC

Coherence Coach

Method 4 (Workshop

Workshop on The Usage of

sensor and Biofeedback


Method 3 (Workshop


Usage of Biofeedback EmWave PC

Devices / EMwave PSR

Biofeedback Sensor

/ Pilot Test


data collection by the researcher



Workshop 1)


EmWave PC Biofeedback

/ EMwave PSR

Workshop 2 & 3)

Workshop on The

Biofeedback EmWave PC

Coherence Coach Protocol

Workshop 2 & 3)

Workshop on The Usage of Biofeedback

Biofeedback addiction


Workshop 2 & 3)



/ EMwave PSR

Sensor /

/


3 December 2015


Biofeedback

Workshop on The


Biofeedback

addiction



,

2015

3.1 Project

The

provided the training module and

biofeedback

participants.

and biofeedback

were being

enable the teachers learn the biofeedback

techniques easier and more effectively

community for this project were

District Education Department

secondary schools situated

Drugs Prevention Education Unit

directly involved as a community in the

project implementation. Counsellors and

PPDA teachers

processes and courses being provided by the

UMP. Maran

community because most schools in the

district are situated in

are many drugs abuse cases in

project, the

workshops as well as

participants

Consellors who were involved in the program

through Workshop

trainings to the students involved in this

program and

by their counsellors or school based on drug

abuse cases among students

conducted course

workshops to participants

aspects. The workshop participants were being

taught biofeedback

and EmWave

effectiveness of the project

conducted follow

discussions

the program

involved

implementation processes in order to identify

the problems faced throughout the project

implementation.

which the schools provided the data and

report required by the UMP

determine the effectiveness of the

implemented project

analyze and submit the final report to the

Malaysian Mi

Implementation

The Universiti Malaysia Pah

provided the training module and

iofeedback equipment

. The intervention protocol module

biofeedback equipment usage module

were being given to teachers as references to




District Education Department

secondary schools situated

Drugs Prevention Education Unit



teachers involv


aran district was being chosen as a

ty because most schools in the

district are situated in the

are many drugs abuse cases in

the UMP conducted courses and

workshops as well as

who were

who were involved in the program

through Workshop 1. The


d the students were being selected


abuse cases among students

conducted courses and advanced training

workshops to participants

The workshop participants were being

biofeedback proto

EmWave devices. In order to increase the

effectiveness of the project

conducted follow-up visits

with all the schools involved in

the program. The UMP

and monitored the project



entation. The next phase was report

the schools provided the data and

report required by the UMP


implemented project. Finally


Malaysian Ministry of Education

Implementation Process

Universiti Malaysia Pah

provided the training module and EmWave

equipment to the project

The intervention protocol module

equipment usage module

given to teachers as references to




District Education Department an

secondary schools situated in the district

Drugs Prevention Education Unit (PPDA)



involved in the training


was being chosen as a


the Felda area an

are many drugs abuse cases in the area

conducted courses and

workshops as well as trainings to the

were Secondary Schools


The UMP provided


the students were being selected


abuse cases among students. The

s and advanced training

workshops to participants covering te


protocol usage method

In order to increase the

effectiveness of the project, the

up visits and advanced


UMP visited the schools

monitored the project



The next phase was report


report required by the UMP in order to


Finally, the UMP


nistry of Education.

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

EmWave

to the project

The intervention protocol module

equipment usage module

given to teachers as references to


techniques easier and more effectively. The

Maran

and 19

n the district. The

Drugs Prevention Education Unit (PPDA)



d in the training


was being chosen as a


and there

area. In this

conducted courses and

trainings to the

Secondary Schools


provided


the students were being selected


The UMP

s and advanced training

technical


usage method

In order to increase the

the UMP

advanced


visited the schools

monitored the project



The next phase was report in


in order to


UMP would


International


4. Results And Discussions

The results from the program showed that

The Usage of

Maran Distrist Secondary Schools In

Abuse Intervention And Disciplinary

Misconducts Program

assist in the drugs abuse and disciplinary

misconducts recovery program among the

students involved

Biofeedback training sessions being

conducted were being analyzed to prove that

with the usage of the appropriate

techniques

program

involved counsellors

the disciplinary problems and drugs abuse as

well as helping the students involved changed

themselves more positively

analysis being done,

involved in the project acquired knowledge in

using Biofeedback

use the

developed

changed themselves

60% of the

by their teachers succeeded in changing their

heart rate variability

from 30%

done are as follow

4.1 Project Objectives Results

i)

The o

to train counsellors using

techniques in the process of detecting the

effects of drugs abuse

objec

Biofeedback Emwave an

equipment

respectively gets

emWave Desktop (206020) an

emWave2 Charcoal Gray (206310

PSR,

the first workshop



Results And Discussions


The Usage of Biofeedback



Misconducts Program

in the drugs abuse and disciplinary


students involved. The d



with the usage of the appropriate

techniques and equipment

program being conducted had helped

involved counsellors an



themselves more positively

is being done,


iofeedback devices

Biofeedback

developed to assist problematic students

changed themselves. The results indicated that

of the students who were being guided


heart rate variability (HRV) coherent scores

30% to 70%. The results of the analysis

done are as follow:

Project Objectives Results

Achievement of

The objective

to train counsellors using


effects of drugs abuse

tive 1, the


equipment to each school

ctively gets



, that were being handed over during

the first workshop.



Results And Discussions


Biofeedback Techniques



Misconducts Program had been able



The data obtained from



with the usage of the appropriate Biofeedback

d equipment, the intervention

being conducted had helped

and schools in handling



themselves more positively. Based on the

80% of the teachers


devices and managed to

Biofeedback protocols

to assist problematic students

The results indicated that

students who were being guided


(HRV) coherent scores

The results of the analysis

Project Objectives Results

Achievement of objecti

1 of this program was

to train counsellors using Biofeedback


effects of drugs abuse. In order to achieve

the UMP had supplied


to each school. Each school

ctively gets 1 unit HeartMath



that were being handed over during

.




Techniques In

Maran Distrist Secondary Schools In Drugs


had been able to



obtained from



Biofeedback

the intervention

being conducted had helped the

schools in handling



ased on the

of the teachers


managed to

protocols being

to assist problematic students


students who were being guided


(HRV) coherent scores

The results of the analysis

tive 1

of this program was

Biofeedback


In order to achieve

had supplied

Biofeedback Emwave and PSR

Each school

1 unit HeartMath

emWave Desktop (206020) and 1 unit

emWave2 Charcoal Gray (206310-CH) –

that were being handed over during


3 December 2015

,

2015

Figure 2: Equipment being supplied by the

Based on the results of the project being

implemented

successfully used the

and PSR equipment

in order to detect their students’

spectrum readings

sessions in schools after attending the

workshops done by the

quite difficult during the introduction of the

project, the teachers’ persistence in learning

how to use the equipment being supplied

produced results when they succeeded in

adapting the techniques being taught to their

students. This showed that the

the project was being achieved

Equipment being supplied by the

ased on the results of the project being

implemented, 39 teachers involved

successfully used the Biofeedback Emwave

equipment being supplied to schools


spectrum readings and


workshops done by the UMP.


the teachers’ persistence in learning




This showed that the

ct was being achieved

Equipment being supplied by the

Graph 1:


teachers involved

Biofeedback Emwave

being supplied to schools


to conduct training


UMP. Although it was






This showed that the objecti

ct was being achieved.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Pe

rce

nta

ge

SUPPLY OF BIOFEEDBACK

Equipment being supplied by the UMP to each school

1: Supply of Biofeedback


teachers involved had

Biofeedback Emwave

being supplied to schools

in order to detect their students’ HRV

to conduct training


Although it was






tive 1 of

100% 100%

Type of Biofeedback Devices


DEVICES

International


to each school involved in the Intervention

Biofeedback Devices

ii) Achiev

The o

train counsellors using

order to overcome the effects of drugs

addiction.

evaluated the results in terms of the

involvement of counsellors and students in

this program. The counsellors’ involvement

and attendance to the courses being conducted

by the UMP

this program from each school were being

measured to ensure that the counsellors

obtained enough understanding about this

program.

100%



DEVICES

HeartMath

emWave

Desktop

(206020)

emWave2

Charcoal Gray

(206310

PSR



involved in the Intervention

Devices

Achievement of

The objective 2 of this program was to

train counsellors using


. As to achieve




attendance to the courses being conducted

by the UMP and the students’ involvement in


easured to ensure that the counsellors




HeartMath

emWave

Desktop

(206020)

emWave2

Charcoal Gray

(206310-CH) –



involved in the Intervention

ement of objective

of this program was to

Biofeedback


As to achieve objective 2,





the students’ involvement in






involved in the Intervention program.

ve 2


therapy in


2, the UMP





the students’ involvement in





3 December 2015

,

2015

Graph 2: Participants

Graph 3: Percentage of Participants

The program

counsellors or

schools.

42

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Course 1

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Graph 2: Participants’ Attendance to Courses


rogram conducted was being attended by teachers who represented their school whether

counsellors or PPDA who are responsible in overcoming disciplinary problems at their respective

42

Course 1

Participants' Attendance to

105%

Course 1

Percentage of Participants' Attendance to

Attendance to Courses


conducted was being attended by teachers who represented their school whether

who are responsible in overcoming disciplinary problems at their respective

29

Course 2


Courses

Course 1



Graph 3: Percentage of Participants’ Attendance to Courses



19

Course 3


73%

Course 2


Courses

International





Course 3

Course 2







48%

Course 3











3 December 2015

,

2015

The results showed that all counsellors

who are also school teachers in the district of

Maran who participated in this project

been successful in applying the

therapy to their students in order to help the

students ove

addiction by using the intervention protocol

being prepared by the

showed that the

achieved.

Graph 6: Heart Rave

0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

700%

800%P

ER

CE

NT

AG

E

78.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Graph


also school teachers in the district of


been successful in applying the

to their students in order to help the

overcome the effects of drugs


being prepared by the

showed that the obje

Graph 6: Heart Rave Variability Score

250% 250%

S1 S2

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL STUDENTS' INVOLVEMENT IN EACH

78.9

35

Red

ph 4: Percentage of students’ involvement from each school




been successful in applying the Biofeedback


the effects of drugs


being prepared by the UMP. This result

objective 2 had been

Variability Score

Gra

250%

750%

S2 S3


TARGETED

10.73

18.98

Blue

Heart Rate Variability Score

centage of students’ involvement from each school



Maran who participated in this project had

Biofeedback


the effects of drugs


This result

had been

Variability Score

Graph 6: Students’

250%

125%

S4 S5

SCHOOL


SCHOOL

TARGETED OBJECTIVE OF 4 STUDENTS PER SCHOOL

10.38

18.98


Pre Post

International



ii) Achievement of

The o

train students who took drugs to treat

themselves from addiction by using

Biofeedback

objective

analysis of the students’

Students’ HRV results

125%

350%

200%

S6

SCHOOL


SCHOOL

OBJECTIVE OF 4 STUDENTS PER SCHOOL

10.38

46.08

Green


Post




Achievement of

The objective 3 of this program was to




3 were measured through the

analysis of the students’

results

200% 175%

S7 S8



8.38

34.85

Total Score




Achievement of objective 3




techniques. The results for

were measured through the

analysis of the students’ HRV data.

125%

350%

S9 S10



34.85

Total Score



3




The results for

were measured through the

350%

S10



3 December 2015

,

2015


students who were being guided by their

teachers were successful


from 30%

Biofeedback

being applied to help the students changed

themselves by putting the efforts to heal

themselves from drugs addiction using the

intervention protocol being prepared for them

and thus a

poject. Although it was quite difficult for the

students to achieve the best score

determination to change and become better

Graph 7: Percentage for Number of Changes Among Students

Based on the results from the pevious

analysis that indicated the success in

achieving obje

that had been conducted by the UMP

succeeded in training the counsellors and

students to use the Bio

students’ recovery process at their respective

schools. The p

implemented for almost a year showed its

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Decline in disciplinary cases


who were being guided by their

teachers were successful


30% to 70%. This proved that the

Biofeedback trainings given were successfully





and thus achieved the objective 3 of this

Although it was quite difficult for the

students to achieve the best score


: Percentage for Number of Changes Among Students

ased on the results from the pevious

that indicated the success in

objective 1, 2



students to use the Bioofeedback


schools. The program


45%

Decline in disciplinary cases

Percentage for Number of Changes Among

The results indicated that 60% from the


teachers were successful in changing their


This proved that the

trainings given were successfully





chieved the objective 3 of this


students to achieve the best score, but with the



Graph



dan 3, this program



ofeedback devices in


rogram that has been


Decline in disciplinary cases Improvement of personality


Students

from the


in changing their


This proved that the

trainings given were successfully





chieved the objective 3 of this


but with the



ph 7: Students’



this program



devices in


that has been


53%

Improvement of personality


Students

International


individuals

respective coherent scores to more

iii) Achievement of

The o

train cousellors and students using

Biofeedback

processes.

on the changes that happen to students from 3

aspects which were

improvement

cases and

personality


Students’ HRV changes

achievement when

managed to apply the techniques and

protocols

the problematic students at their schools

recovery processes and to achieve objective 4

of this project

improved the problematic students’

behaviours when the students undergoing the

Biofeedback

Improvement of personality Academic Improvement




individuals, they succeeded in increasing their

respective coherent scores to more

Achievement of

The objective 4 of this


Biofeedback devices to assist in recovery

. The results were measured based


cts which were

improvement, decline in students’ disciplinary

cases and improvement in students’

personality.


changes

achievement when 39


being transferred to them in helping

he problematic students at their schools


of this project. The implemented program has



Biofeedback intervention program showed

25%

Academic Improvement




they succeeded in increasing their

respective coherent scores to more positi

Achievement of objective

of this program


devices to assist in recovery

The results were measured based


cts which were students’ academic

decline in students’ disciplinary

improvement in students’

39 teachers involved



he problematic students at their schools


The implemented program has



intervention program showed




they succeeded in increasing their

positive.

4

program was to


devices to assist in recovery

The results were measured based


students’ academic

decline in students’ disciplinary

improvement in students’

teachers involved



he problematic students at their schools in


The implemented program has



intervention program showed


3 December 2015

,

2015

positive changes.

were not interested to learn changed to

students who were inclined to be interested in

subjects that were not their favourites. Besides

that, the school truancy or class truancy had

been reduced

had also been significantly reduced.

iv) Expectation of The Project

Achievement

Based on the expectations of the

project results before this

shown achievement towards fulfilling the

expectations, that are

1) The school counsellors involved in

the program became well versed

about the methods to detect drugs

addiction among students by using

Biofeedback

2)

the methods of drugs addiction

rehabilitation process among stu

by applying the

methods

3)

now know how to use the

Biofeedback devices and protocols to

help their students that were involved

with drugs addiction

4)

intervention program

more

duration of the prog

5)

grades could be evaluated and

implemented

6)

performance had improved

7)

more capable

problems

themselves better

sitive changes. For example




the school truancy or class truancy had

been reduced and smoking among


Expectation of The Project

Achievement

sed on the expectations of the

project results before this


expectations, that are :

The school counsellors involved in




Biofeedback methods

2) The school counsellors also knew



by applying the

methods.

3) The school counsellors involved




with drugs addiction

4) Students who underwent the

intervention program

more positive throughout the

duration of the prog

5) The identified students’ changing


implemented.

6) The students’ academic

performance had improved

7) The involved students now are

more capable in handling emotio

problems, heart

themselves better

For example, students who





d smoking among students


Expectation of The Project


project results before this, the program has






methods.

The school counsellors also knew



by applying the Biofeedback

The school counsellors involved




with drugs addiction.

Students who underwent the

intervention program chang

ve throughout the

duration of the program.

The identified students’ changing


The students’ academic

performance had improved.

The involved students now are

in handling emotio

heart and

themselves better.

students who





students


the program has






The school counsellors also knew


rehabilitation process among students

Biofeedback

The school counsellors involved




Students who underwent the

changed to

ve throughout the

The identified students’ changing


The students’ academic

The involved students now are

in handling emotional

manage

International


v) Data Anal

The Intervention Rehabilitation Program

utilizing the

implemented at nineteen

district of Maran

fifteen (15)

were being taken as s

Each school was being given a period of six

(6) months or less

capacity in order to execute the studies to the

selected subject

program was being evaluated in terms of

1)

2)

3)

The results from the research could be divided

to;

1)

2)

As an overall,

involved in this

be categorized to 3



Data Analysis Results


utilizing the Biofeedback

implemented at nineteen

district of Maran, Pahang.

(15) students or less from each school

were being taken as subje


months or less


selected subject. The effectiveness of the


1) The Heart Rate Variability

Readings

2) The students’ disciplinary

improvement

3) Academic


1) Schools without subjects involved

in drugs (10 s

2) Schools with subjects involved in

or suspected to be involved in

drugs (9 s

s an overall, the number of students being

involved in this Biofeedback

be categorized to 3 groups as follows

1) The number of students not

involved in drugs

students

2) The number of students

involved in drugs

3) The number of students

suspected

40 students.



is Results


Biofeedback methods was being

implemented at nineteen (19) schools in the

, Pahang. A maximum of

students or less from each school

ubjects for this research


according to certain


. The effectiveness of the



Readings (HRV)

The students’ disciplinary

improvement



chools without subjects involved

(10 schools)

chools with subjects involved in


(9 schools)

the number of students being

Biofeedback workshop could

groups as follows

The number of students not

involved in drugs: 120

students.

The number of students

involved in drugs: 10 students


suspected of involved in drugs

students.




methods was being

schools in the

A maximum of

students or less from each school

cts for this research.


according to certain


. The effectiveness of the

program was being evaluated in terms of;


The students’ disciplinary

mprovement


chools without subjects involved

chools with subjects involved in


the number of students being

workshop could

groups as follows;

The number of students not

: 120


students.


of involved in drugs:


3 December 2015

,

2015

Graph 8: The Number of Students Involved in Biofeedback Workshops According to

involvement in drugs cases category

Graph

4.2.1 Heart Rate

The research through

Variability (HRV)

individual made self changes

mind, emo

conducted on the subjects from the schools

involved. Two best readings were being

involving pr

program implementation

readings were being taken after the program

implementation

two phases were being made as standard

futher research and summary

4.2.2 HRV

drugs cases

Below is a list of schools without any

drugs cases, ranked according to the

improvement in HRV readings that were

being recorded from the research being done

on students involved

1)

2)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Students not involved in

The Number of Students Involved in Biofeedback

: The Number of Students Involved in Biofeedback Workshops According to


ph 8: The overall number of students according to involvement in drugs cases category

Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

The research through

Variability (HRV), showing how far an

individual made self changes

mind, emotion, physiology


Two best readings were being

pre (baseline)

program implementation


implementation. The best readings from these


futher research and summary

HRV Analysis

drugs cases

low is a list of schools without any




on students involved.

1) SMK Jengka 18 (100%)

SMK Cedung Jaya (75%)

2) SMK Jengka 21 (86%)

120

Students not involved in

drugs


Workshops According to involvement in drugs



The overall number of students according to involvement in drugs cases category

Variability (HRV)

The research through Heart Rate

showing how far an

individual made self changes (heart changes

physiology), had been


Two best readings were being

(baseline) that was before the

program implementation and post, where


best readings from these


futher research and summary.

for schools without





SMK Jengka 18 (100%)

SMK Cedung Jaya (75%)

SMK Jengka 21 (86%)

Students not involved in Students involved in drugs



cases category




Variability (HRV)

Heart Rate

showing how far an

heart changes,

, had been


Two best readings were being taken

that was before the

ost, where


best readings from these

two phases were being made as standard for

for schools without





6)

7)

10

Students involved in drugs



cases category

International




3)

4)

5)

4.2.3 HRV

drugs cases

Be

cases, ranked according to the improvement in

HRV readings that were being recorded from

the research being done on selected students

Students involved in drugs Students suspected of



cases category





SMK Jengka Pusat (71%)


SMA Al Mahmudi (60%)

4) SMK Sri Jaya (80%)

SMK Sri Jengka (58%)

5) SMK Maran (79%)

Jengka Pusat 2 (56%)

HRV Analysis for schools with

drugs cases

Below is a list of schools with drugs




1) SMK Desa Jaya (100

SMK Jengka 12 (80%)

2) SMK Jengka 10 (100%)

SMK Jengka 6 (56%)

3) Kolej Vokasional

Pertanian Chenor

(100%)

40

Students suspected of

involved in drugs








SMK Jengka 16 (80%)


SMK Sri Jaya (80%)


SMK Maran (79%) 10) SMK

Pusat 2 (56%)

Analysis for schools with

low is a list of schools with drugs




SMK Desa Jaya (100

SMK Jengka 12 (80%)


SMK Jengka 6 (56%)

Kolej Vokasional

Pertanian Chenor

(100%)

Students suspected of

involved in drugs





The overall number of students according to involvement in drugs cases category.


8)


9)

10) SMK

Analysis for schools with

low is a list of schools with drugs



the research being done on selected students.

SMK Desa Jaya (100%)

SMK Jengka 12 (80%)


SMK Jengka 6 (56%)

Kolej Vokasional

Pertanian Chenor


3 December 2015

,

2015

4.2.4 HRV

involved in drugs

The total number of students not

involved in drugs was

According to the

involved in drugs who recorded increment in

HRV readings were

percentage of stude

and able to make self changes was

4.2.5 HRV

involved in drugs

The total number of students


analysis indicated that all these

were able to make self chan

percentage was

4.2.6 HRV

suspected of drugs involvement

The total

suspected of involvement in drugs was

students. The

out of 40 students

changes. The recorded percentage was

4.2.7 HRV

On the overall

of students involved in the

workshops, 127 out of 150 students involved

managed to achieve HRV changes

4.2.8 Academic Improvement

Academi

important aspects that acts as a measurement

to the effectiveness of the

Program in each school

improvement could not be seen from only a

few healing sessions

from the subjects and teachers involved is

4) SMK Ampuan Afzan

Chenor (100%)

5) SMK Maran 2 (90%)



8) SMK Kg Awah (50%)


HRV Analysis on students not

involved in drugs



According to the HRV analysis


HRV readings were

percentage of students not involved in drugs


HRV Analysis for students

involved in drugs



analysis indicated that all these

were able to make self chan

percentage was 100%.

HRV Analysis



of involvement in drugs was

The HRV analysis showed that

students were able

The recorded percentage was

HRV Analysis on the overall

On the overall, from the total number

of students involved in the


managed to achieve HRV changes


ademic improvement is one of the


to the effectiveness of the

Program in each school.

rovement could not be seen from only a

few healing sessions, instead t


SMK Ampuan Afzan

Chenor (100%)

SMK Maran 2 (90%)

SMK Jengka 12 (80%)

SMK Jengka 6 (56%)

SMK Kg Awah (50%)

SMK Jengka 2 (40%)

Analysis on students not


involved in drugs was 120 students

analysis, students, not


81 students

nts not involved in drugs

and able to make self changes was 68%.

Analysis for students


10 students

analysis indicated that all these 10 students

were able to make self changes. The recorded

for students being


number of students

of involvement in drugs was

analysis showed that

were able to make self

The recorded percentage was

Analysis on the overall

from the total number

of students involved in the Biofeedback


managed to achieve HRV changes.


improvement is one of the


to the effectiveness of the Biofeedback

. However, academic


instead the cooperation


SMK Ampuan Afzan

SMK Maran 2 (90%)

SMK Jengka 12 (80%)

SMK Jengka 6 (56%)

SMK Kg Awah (50%)

SMK Jengka 2 (40%)

Analysis on students not


students.

students, not


students. The

nts not involved in drugs

68%.

Analysis for students


students. HRV

students

The recorded

for students being

number of students being

of involvement in drugs was 40

analysis showed that 36

to make self

90%.

Analysis on the overall

from the total number

Biofeedback


improvement is one of the


Biofeedback

academic


he cooperation


International


needed in order to ensure that the students

would always be focused and understand their

objectives in life and their future

the students would give optimum

concentration while learning

consequently, they would produce

academic results

4.2.9 Academic improvement analysis for

schools without drugs cases

Be

drugs cases, being ranked in terms of

disciplinary improvement being recorded from

the result

involved.

4.2.10 Disciplinary improvement a

on schools involved in drugs cases

Be

drugs cases, ranked in terms of disciplinary

improvement being recorded from the

research results on selected students

1)

SMK Maran 2 (20%)

2)

SMK Jengka 12 (20%)

3)

SMK Ampuan Afzan Chenor (15%)

4)

Kolej Vokasional Pertanian Chenor

(0%)

5)





objectives in life and their future




academic results.

cademic improvement analysis for


Below is a list of schools without



s of the resesarch on the students

1) SMK Jengka Pusat

(86%)


2) SMA Al Mahmudi

(80%)

Sri Jengka (17%)


(0%)


(0%)

5) SMK Cedung Jaya

(38%)

Maran (0%)

Disciplinary improvement a


Below is a list of schools involved in



research results on selected students

1) SMK Kg Awa

SMK Maran 2 (20%)


SMK Jengka 12 (20%)



4) SMK Desa Jaya (33%)


(0%)






objectives in life and their future. With that






low is a list of schools without




SMK Jengka Pusat

(86%) 6)


SMA Al Mahmudi

(80%) 7)

Sri Jengka (17%)

SMK Jengka 18 (50%)

8) SMK Sri Jaya

(0%)

SMK Jengka 21 (43%)

9) SMK Jengka 16

(0%)

SMK Cedung Jaya

(38%) 10)

Maran (0%)



low is a list of schools involved in



research results on selected students.

SMK Kg Awah (83%)

SMK Maran 2 (20%)

SMK Jengka 6 (78%)

SMK Jengka 12 (20%)

SMK Jengka 2 (50%)


SMK Desa Jaya (33%)


SMK Jengka 10 (27%)





With that,


concentration while learning and

consequently, they would produce good


low is a list of schools without




SMK Jengka Pusat

6) SMK


SMA Al Mahmudi

7) SMK

Sri Jengka (17%)

SMK Jengka 18 (50%)

SMK Sri Jaya

SMK Jengka 21 (43%)

SMK Jengka 16

SMK Cedung Jaya

10) SMK

Disciplinary improvement analysis

low is a list of schools involved in



.

h (83%) 6)

SMK Jengka 6 (78%) 7)

SMK Jengka 2 (50%) 8)


SMK Desa Jaya (33%) 9)


SMK Jengka 10 (27%)


3 December 2015

,

2015

4.2.11 Academic improvement a

on students not involved in drugs



According to the disciplinary analysis

students not involved in drugs and

records of academic improvement were

students. The percentage of studen

involved in drugs

were 38%.

4.2.12 Academic improvement a

students involved in drugs


involved in drugs were

academic improvement analysis indicated that

1 out of 10

changes. The percentage recorded was

4.2.13 Academic improvement analysis on

students suspected of involvement

in drugs


suspected of involvement in drugs was 40

students. The academic improvement a

showed that

make self changes

was 28%.

4.2.14 The overall academic improvement

analysis

Overall

involved in the

succeeded to improve acade

out of 150 students involved

4.2.15 Disciplinary Imrovement Changes

The p

discipline was being evaluated through the

records being obtained from the school

computer programming system

and the observations on the involved school’s

counsellors’ records

to achieve drastic disciplinary changes for

each student involved because each individual

has various disciplinary performances and

backgrounds. Therefore

cademic improvement a

students not involved in drugs






The percentage of studen

involved in drugs able to make self changes




involved in drugs were


10 students were able to make self

The percentage recorded was

cademic improvement analysis on


in drugs



The academic improvement a

showed that 11 out of 40

make self changes. The percentage recorded

The overall academic improvement

analysis

Overall, the total number of students

involved in the Biofeedback

succeeded to improve acade

students involved

Disciplinary Imrovement Changes

The positive changes in the studens’

was being evaluated through the


computer programming system

observations on the involved school’s

counsellors’ records. Generally




backgrounds. Therefore,


students not involved in drugs






The percentage of studen

to make self changes

cademic improvement anal



involved in drugs were 10 students


students were able to make self

The percentage recorded was





The academic improvement a

40 students were able to

The percentage recorded


the total number of students

Biofeedback workshop and

succeeded to improve academically were

students involved.


ve changes in the studens’



computer programming system (e-disiplin)


Generally, it is difficult




, the changes i

cademic improvement analyisis


students.

According to the disciplinary analysis,

students not involved in drugs and having

records of academic improvement were 46

The percentage of students not

to make self changes

nalysis on


students. The


students were able to make self

The percentage recorded was 10%





The academic improvement analysis

were able to

The percentage recorded


the total number of students

workshop and

were 58


ve changes in the studens’



disiplin)


it is difficult




the changes in each

International


individual would give impacts to the

percentage of positive changes in each school

involved.


for schools without drugs cases

Below is a list of schools without dugs cases,

being ranked


research on the students involved

1) SMK Jengka 16 (100%)

SMK Jengka 18 (33%)

2) SMA Al Mahmudi (90%)

SMK Jengka 21 (29%)

3) SMK Sri Jengka (58%)

SMK Sri Jaya (20%)

4) SMK Jengka Pusat 2 (56%)

SMK Jengka

5) SMK Maran (50%)

(13%)


for schools with drugs cases

Be

cases, being ranked according to disciplinary


research on selec

1) SMK Ampuan Afzan (100%)

SMK Maran 2 (50%)

2) SMK Desa Jaya (100%)

SMK Jengka 12 (40%)


SMK Jengka 6 (33%)

4) SMK Kg Awah (83%)


(18%)


4.2.18 Disciplinary

for students not involved in drugs



According to disciplinary analysis

not involved in drugs ad have disciplinary







low is a list of schools without dugs cases,

being ranked according to disciplina


research on the students involved


SMK Jengka 18 (33%)


SMK Jengka 21 (29%)


SMK Sri Jaya (20%)

SMK Jengka Pusat 2 (56%)


SMK Maran (50%)

10)

(13%)



Below is a list of schools with drug



research on selected students

SMK Ampuan Afzan (100%)

SMK Maran 2 (50%)


SMK Jengka 12 (40%)

SMK Jengka 10 (93%)

SMK Jengka 6 (33%)

SMK Kg Awah (83%)


(18%)

SMK Jengka 2 (80%)





According to disciplinary analysis









according to disciplina


research on the students involved.


SMK Jengka 18 (33%)


SMK Jengka 21 (29%)


SMK Sri Jaya (20%)

SMK Jengka Pusat 2 (56%)

Pusat (14%)

SMK Maran (50%)

10) SMK Cedung Jaya



low is a list of schools with drug



ted students.

SMK Ampuan Afzan (100%)

SMK Maran 2 (50%)


SMK Jengka 12 (40%)

SMK Jengka 10 (93%)

SMK Jengka 6 (33%)

SMK Kg Awah (83%)


SMK Jengka 2 (80%)

improvement a




According to disciplinary analysis,








according to disciplinary


6)

7)

8)

SMK Jengka Pusat 2 (56%) 9)

SMK Cedung Jaya



low is a list of schools with drug



SMK Ampuan Afzan (100%) 6)

7)

8)

9)


improvement analysis



involved in drugs was 120 students.

, students



3 December 2015

,

2015

improvement records were




for students involved in drugs



disciplinary improvement a

that 3 out of 1

making self changes

recorded was

4.2.20 Disciplinary improvement analysis

for students suspected of

involvement in drugs

The total number of students being

suspected of involvement in drugs wa

students. The disciplinary improvement

analysis showed that

managed to make self changes

percentage recorded was

4.2.21 The overall disciplinary


On the overall,

students involved in

workshop and succeeded in showing

disciplinary changes were

students involved

4.3 Problems In Project

Implementation

Based on the project that had been

implemented

arose throughout the

problems was time constraint being faced by

the counsellors in undergoing the workshop

and trainings

teachers were involved in various program

related to their responsibilities to their schools

and students. M

a counsellor and this

the counsellors to be focused in undergoing

the training sessions if there were many

problematic students

schedules in attending multiple program

being planne

such as

improvement records were







disciplinary improvement a

out of 10 students were capable in

making self changes. The percentage being

recorded was 30%.






The disciplinary improvement

analysis showed that 34 o


percentage recorded was 85%.

The overall disciplinary


On the overall,

students involved in


disciplinary changes were

students involved.

Problems In Project

Implementation

ased on the project that had been

implemented, there were a few problems that

arose throughout the program; one of the



and trainings. This happened because the



and students. Moreover,

a counsellor and this situation



problematic students. The counsellors’ busy


being planned by the Ministry of Education

such as attending counselling courses,

improvement records were 62 students


and able to make self changes was 52%.





disciplinary improvement analysis

students were capable in

The percentage being







34 out of 40 students


85%.



the total number of

students involved in the Biofeedb


disciplinary changes were 99 out of

Problems In Project


there were a few problems that

program; one of the



This happened because the



each school has only

situation discommoded



The counsellors’ busy


d by the Ministry of Education

attending counselling courses,

students. The


52%.




involved in drugs was 10 students. The

showed

students were capable in

The percentage being






students

managed to make self changes. The


the total number of

the Biofeedback


out of 150


there were a few problems that

program; one of the



This happened because the



each school has only

discommoded



The counsellors’ busy

schedules in attending multiple programs

d by the Ministry of Education

attending counselling courses,

International


seminars

been one of their difficulties

their schedules with the schedules being

planned by the

program. For the st

teachers’ difficulty to allow them attending

the intervention programs ha

barrier for them to undergo the

trainings being planned

5. Conclusion

Recommendations

The use of

individual’s performance improvement and

intervention

the field of human resources development

project implemented had shown its

achievement when the program results showed

that 80% of the teachers

managed to use the

they were also able to use the

protocols being developed

the students being guided by their teachers

succeeded in improving their heart rate

variability (HRV)

status from

obtained from this project showed that

expected results were being achieved and

affected the schools in which the teachers

managed to improve the counselling sessions

by applying th

techniques.

succeeded in improving their behaviours

Based on this

being gained by the counsellors involved, the

school, specifically and the Mal

Education Ministry, general

program, the counsellors participating in the

program being conducted had learned the

method of detecting drugs addiction by using

Biofeedback

knowledge program had enabled the

counsellors to gain the knowledge of using

Biofeedback

help students make behavioural changes and

handle the disciplinary problems.

students, the benefits being

them to make more positive behavioural

changes. Besides that



and motivational

been one of their difficulties


planned by the UMP

For the students involved, their class


the intervention programs ha

barrier for them to undergo the

trainings being planned

Conclusion And

Recommendations

The use of Biofeedback


intervention program is a new a




of the teachers

managed to use the Biofeedback

they were also able to use the

protocols being developed



variability (HRV) coherent scores achievement

status from 30% to 70%.





by applying th

. Moreover, the students involved


Based on this program, various benefits were



Education Ministry, general




ofeedback techniques



Biofeedback devices and protocols in order to


handle the disciplinary problems.

the benefits being


Besides that,



motivational workshops

been one of their difficulties to accommodate


UMP for the intervention

udents involved, their class


the intervention programs has been the main

barrier for them to undergo the intervention

trainings being planned.

And

Recommendations

Biofeedback techniques in the


is a new alternati




of the teachers involved in the project

Biofeedback devices

they were also able to use the Biofeedback

protocols being developed. Moreover, 6



coherent scores achievement

70%. The results being





by applying the Biofeedback

the students involved


, various benefits were



Education Ministry, generally. Through this




techniques. The transfer of



devices and protocols in order to


handle the disciplinary problems. As for the

the benefits being gained had helped


, the protoc



workshops has

to accommodate


for the intervention

udents involved, their class


been the main

intervention

techniques in the


lternative in

the field of human resources development. The



involved in the project

devices, and

Biofeedback

Moreover, 60% of



coherent scores achievement

The results being

obtained from this project showed that the




Biofeedback

the students involved

succeeded in improving their behaviours.

, various benefits were


school, specifically and the Malaysian

ly. Through this




The transfer of



devices and protocols in order to


As for the

gained had helped


col being


3 December 2015

,

2015

developed had indirectly determined the grades

of the students’ gradual changes

the changes,

be clearly observe

the students’ self management ability

been hoped that programs of this type would be

continued an

knowledge and skills

The application of

techniques in the field of human d

has been proven in

According to

techniques were effective in helping stroke

victims get back the movements of paralyzed

muscles. Besides that

and Budzynski (1974),

techniques had helped to reduce the symptoms

of anxiety and various diseases related to

stress such as

pains. The effectiveness of Bi

techniques have been significant to increase

and individual’s performanc


this program had helped the counsellors

schools and

and behavioural problems

abuse to recover faster

medications and compicated methods

success being achieved in this program could

be implemented to the involved students’

daily lives to improve their inner physiology

through the psychological changes that

occured.

This program has introduced a new

dimension to the education world,

and human development, generally

than the usage of

limited to the secondary school students in the

district of Maran, Pahang

intervention

other District Education Departme

throughout the country as an alternative

method to eradicate drugs abuses in schools

This program is also suitable to motivate

teachers in schools and the Malaysian

Education Ministry staff to increase working

performance excellence

purchasing the Biofeedback software and


of the students’ gradual changes

, The students’ achievement could

be clearly observed and thus helped to upgrade

the students’ self management ability


and students would get beneficial

knowledge and skills.

The application of

techniques in the field of human d

has been proven in

According to Sheffer (2006), Biofeedback


get back the movements of paralyzed

Besides that, according to

Budzynski (1974),

chniques had helped to reduce the symptoms


stress such as insomnia,

The effectiveness of Bi


and individual’s performanc



d students involved in disciplinary

and behavioural problems

abuse to recover faster







to the education world,

and human development, generally

than the usage of Biofeedback


district of Maran, Pahang

intervention program could be expanded to the

other District Education Departme






performance excellence.



of the students’ gradual changes. Folllowed by

The students’ achievement could

and thus helped to upgrade

the students’ self management ability.


d students would get beneficial

The application of Biofeedback

techniques in the field of human development

has been proven in various researches.

Sheffer (2006), Biofeedback



according to

Budzynski (1974), the Biofeedback



insomnia, headaches an

The effectiveness of Biofeedback


and individual’s performance. The usage of

Biofeedback Emwave and PSR modules in


students involved in disciplinary

and behavioural problems as well as drugs

abuse to recover faster without using







to the education world,specifically

and human development, generally.

Biofeedback trainings


district of Maran, Pahang, the same

could be expanded to the

other District Education Department offices






. Although the cost of



Folllowed by

The students’ achievement could

and thus helped to upgrade

the students’ self management ability. It has


d students would get beneficial

Biofeedback

evelopment

various researches.

Sheffer (2006), Biofeedback



according to Stoyva

Biofeedback



and back

ofeedback


The usage of

modules in

this program had helped the counsellors,

students involved in disciplinary

as well as drugs

without using

medications and compicated methods. The






specifically

. Other

trainings


the same

could be expanded to the

nt offices


method to eradicate drugs abuses in schools.




he cost of


International


devices is quite high

to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to use

the Biofeedback

increasing the students’ academic

performance and teachers’ KPI

could also expand the idea of recovery

protocols by the establishment of Human

Development Clubs in their schools not only

for the problematic students but also for other

students as a

misconduct problems and

schools.

It has been the UMP hope that the

program could be continued and expanded to

schools throughout Malaysia so that the

strategies and objectives of the Malaysian

Education Ministry to solve the students’

disciplinary problems

in schools and the ministry

ia aserious is sue that could give negative

implications to individual and community

especially among youth because they are

easily exposed to negative desires and peers’

lure. Schools a

students’ personalities other than their homes

The Biofeedback intervention program

method already being proven in increasing

self control, is not invasive and could be a

good instrument to be sed in intervention

programs for students that are being suspected

of drugs abuse

Generally

organized by the

with the cooperation of

Education Department

organized to prove the effects of us

Biofeedback

problematic students and its suitability in

applying it as an alternative therapy to drugs

addiction among students

the HRV

a basic training in the stra

addiction rehabilitation in increasing the

human performance system

personality improvement for the nation’s

future which is more intellectual and free from

drugs abuses

6. References



devices is quite high, it should not be a barrier


Biofeedback method with the purpose of


performance and teachers’ KPI





students as a strategy to deal with disciplinary

misconduct problems and






disciplinary problems and the spread of drugs

in schools and the ministry





Schools are the best place to develop the






ograms for students that are being suspected

of drugs abuse.

Generally, the

organized by the Universiti Malaysia Pahang

with the cooperation of

Education Department


Biofeedback to behavioural changes among

tic students and its suitability in


addiction among students

Biofeedback technique is suitable as

a basic training in the stra


human performance system



drugs abuses.

eferences



it should not be a barrier


method with the purpose of


performance and teachers’ KPI. The schools





to deal with disciplinary

misconduct problems and drugs abuses in the






and the spread of drugs

in schools and the ministry. The drugs abuse





re the best place to develop the







the program


with the cooperation of the Maran

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to behavioural changes among



addiction among students. As a conclusion

technique is suitable as

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human performance system an





it should not be a barrier


method with the purpose of


he schools





to deal with disciplinary

drugs abuses in the






and the spread of drugs

The drugs abuse





re the best place to develop the

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The Biofeedback intervention program, as a





program being


Maran District

was the first being

organized to prove the effects of using HRV

to behavioural changes among



As a conclusion,

technique is suitable as

tegy of drugs


and youth




3 December 2015

,

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