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The Use of Multimedia and Non-Motion Based Simulation to Combat Spatial Disorientation in Naval Aviation Naval Air Systems Command Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division Naval Air Systems Command Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division SDS International Naval Survival Training Institute

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Military Aviation Safety Programs Human errors account for 90% of all DOD aircraft mishaps Human Error 10 year period (1985 - 1995): 1400 DOD Fatalities 1300 DOD Aircraft Destroyed 21 Billion $ in lost assets 10 year period (1985 - 1995): 1400 DOD Fatalities 1300 DOD Aircraft Destroyed 21 Billion $ in lost assets 5 year period (1999 - 2003) 375 DOD Aircraft Destroyed 300 DOD Fatalities 7 Billion $ lost DOD assets 5 year period (1999 - 2003) 375 DOD Aircraft Destroyed 300 DOD Fatalities 7 Billion $ lost DOD assets SD annually cost the U.S. Military: SD annually cost the U.S. Military: 20 Military Aircraft Destroyed 25 Fatalities $400 Million in lost DOD assets Spatial Disorientation

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Situational Awareness = Mission Parameters whats going on inside and around the aircraft Spatial Awareness spatial relationship of aircraft relative to earth and other aircraft + "...most disorientation mishaps do not typically involve "text book" causes of spatial disorientation". Durnford, Spatial Disorientation: A survey of U.S. Army helicopter accidents 1987-1992. US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, tech. report: USAARL 95-25 1995; 29 Over half of the FY90-FY91 SD accidents occurred in VMC, often during low-level navigation; Lyons, et. al. 1994

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SDS International Advanced Technologies Division Department of Defense (through NAVAIRSYSCOM) recently awarded SDS International a Phase II SBIR for the purpose of developing a training system to combat in-flight spatial disorientation Department of Defense (through NAVAIRSYSCOM) recently awarded SDS International a Phase II SBIR for the purpose of developing a training system to combat in-flight spatial disorientation SDS Internationals Advanced Technologies Division (ATD) Provides innovative simulation and training technologies to Military and training technologies to Military and commercial Customers worldwide commercial Customers worldwide SDS Internationals Advanced Technologies Division (ATD) Provides innovative simulation and training technologies to Military and training technologies to Military and commercial Customers worldwide commercial Customers worldwide SPATS offers affordable spatial awareness training for both indoctrination and refresher flight crews Spatial Awareness Training System

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Spatial Awareness Strategies Non-motion based flight simulations that replicate common SD scenarios Take-home CD for spatial and situational awareness training Classroom multimedia presentations that include computer and web based training SPATS Training Features: SD Recognition SD Recovery Spatial Awareness Training System

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History Phase I SBIR: January 2003 October 2003 Phase II SBIR: April 2004 April 2006 Tasks: - Develop spatial disorientation training CDs - Determine media best for specific SD factors - Develop prototype passive SD flight simulation - Develop prototype interactive SD flight simulation - Develop instructor operator station (IOS) - Final Report Products: - Prototype Sample Training modules - Prototype LITEFLITE flight simulator software - Prototype SPATS simulator with IOS - Final report

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SPATS Current Phase II Status 3 sample training CDs in development - Intro to aviation & aero med safety - Intro to SD stats, human factors, sensory system - Intro to spatial strategies SD flight simulator trainer demonstrated - Black hole illusion (beginning level) - Control reversal error (beginning level) - OKCR (head tilt reflex) - Instructor operator station (IOS) Spatial Awareness Training System

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Spatial Awareness Strategies

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Instructor Operator Station (IOS) Linked with SPATS simulator Data file recording Real time Graphing Digital movie recording Spatial Awareness Training System

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Black hole illusion (beginning level) Trial 1: VMC Day Auto Pilot Trial 3: VMC Night Approach Black-Hole Affect Present Trial 4: IMC Night Approach Black-Hole Affect Present Trial 2: VMC Day Approach Trial 5: IMC Night Approach After receiving the gouge Spatial Awareness Training System

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Phase II Plus Up & Phase III IDIQ Contract Task 5.1 Develop list of training objectives for Initial, Refresher and Annual SD training Task 5.2 Complete courseware initially developed under Phase II intended for indoctrination training of Aeromedical Students Task 5.3 Develop initial courseware for Level A Required Fleet Training Task 5.4 Develop three Mishap Lessons Learned (MLL) Modules Task 5.5 Develop an initial Instructor Scenario Authoring Capability (ISAC) to support mishap recreation Task 5.6 SD scenario refinement and expansion (Fixed-Wing Aircraft) Task 5.7 SD scenario refinement and expansion (Rotary-Wing Aircraft) Task 5.8 Prototype design expansion (FWES and FWNES Aircraft) Task 5.9 Prototype design expansion (Rotary-Wing Aircraft) Task 5.10 Reporting/Documentation

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Summary SPATS is in transition from concept / prototype to product in Phase III IDIQ Intent is to phase in products for use at all levels Initial, to include possible demonstration device Refresher, with development of hands-on trainer Annual Level A: Both on-line and instructor lead Incorporation of MLLs at all levels Funding is in place through Phase III IDIQ Expect first courseware products very soon

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Questions?