ܧܪ ܧ ܨ ܧܪܧܧܣ ܦܣܧܧ(រេបៀបេបើរបស់ PRESENT TENSES និង PAST TENSES) ܧܧܧܧݎݏ ݐݏ ݏ217. The Simple Present is used:-- ២១៧. Simple Present តូវបនេគេបើៈ (1) To express a habitual action; as, (១) សំǍប់បញជក់ពីទំǎប់ He drinks tea every morning. គត់ផឹកែតǍល់ពឹក។ ពកយ very morning បប់ពីទំǎប់។ I get up everyday at five o’clock. ខញ ុ ំ េកកពីេដកេនេម៉ ង៥Ǎល់ៃថង។ ពកយeverydayបប់ពីទំǎប់។ My watch keeps good time. នឡិកខញ ុ ំ េដើរេទៀងេម៉ ង។ (2) To express general truths; as, (២) បញជក់ពី ករពិតទូេទ ដូចជ The sun rises in the east. (ករពិតទូេទǂមកិតកមធមមជតិ ) ពះǕទិតយរះេនទិសខងេកើត។ Honey is sweet. ទឹកឃម ុ ំ ែផម។ Fortune favours the brave. (Proverb) អនកǓ៊ នបថុយែតងែតមនសំǁង។ (3) In exclamatory sentences beginning with here and there to express what is actually taking place in the present; as, (៣) េនកន ុ ងឃឧទនស័ពទែដលេផ ើមេឡើងេƽយពកយ here និង there េដើមបីបញជក់ពីអ ីែដល កំពុងេកើតេឡើងពិតបកដេនកន ុ ងេពលបចចបបនន ដូចជ Here 3 2 1 V comes 3 2 1 (S) N bus the ! េនះǔនកុងមកេហើយ! (កលǁជ Noun េទើបតឡប់ Subject) Here { pron it 3 2 1 Verb comes ! េនះǏមកេហើយ! (Subject ជ Pronoun មិនតឡប់ Subject េទ) NOTE: Here the bus comes! (WRONG) Here េបើសំǍប់ចលន(ចូល)មក There េបើសំǍប់ចលនេចញេទ There goes the motor-taxi! េនះម៉ូតូឌុបេទេសច! Bicycle-taxi = កង់ឌុប Boat-taxi = ទូកចំលង(ពីមខងេទមខង) Come េបើសំǍប់ចលនមក Go េបើសំǍប់ចលនេចញេទ There she goes! េនះគត់េទេហើយ! (4) In vivid narrative, as substitude for the Simple Past; as, (៤) េនកន ុ ងករអǂថធិបបយជក់ែសង/យ៉ងចបស់ជករេបើជំនួស Past Simple (និយយេរឿង) ដូចជ Sohrabឥឡ ូ វេនះរត់សំរុកេទមុខេហើយǏយមួយៃដយ៉ ងដំណំ េទេលើ Rustum។ To rush = េធ ើដំេណើ រយ៉ ងេលឿន/រត់យ៉ ងេលឿន www.salarean.com
Transcript
(រេបៀបេរបើរបស PRESENT TENSES នង PAST TENSES)
217. The Simple Present is used:-- ២១៧. Simple Present រតវបនេគេរបើៈ (1) To express a habitual action; as, (១) ស បបញជ កពទ ប He drinks tea every morning. គតផកែត លរពក។ ពកយ very morning របបពទ ប។ I get up everyday at five o’clock. ខញេរកកពេដកេនេមង៥ លៃថង។ ពកយeverydayរបបពទ ប។ My watch keeps good time. នឡកខញេដើរេទៀងេមង។ (2) To express general truths; as, (២) បញជ កពករពតទេទ ដចជ The sun rises in the east. (ករពតទេទ មរកតរកមធមមជត) រពះ ទតយរះេនទសខងេកើត។ Honey is sweet. ទកឃមែផអម។ Fortune favours the brave. (Proverb) អនក នរបថយែតងែតមនស ង។ (3) In exclamatory sentences beginning with here and there to express what is actually taking place in the present; as, (៣) េនកនងឃល ឧទនសពទែដលេផតើមេឡើងេ យពកយ here នង there េដើមបបញជ កពអវែដល កពងេកើតេឡើងពតរបកដេនកនងេពលបចចបបនន ដចជ Here 321
Vcomes 321
(S) Nbus the ! េនះ នរកងមកេហើយ! (កល ជ Noun េទើបរតឡប Subject)
NOTE: Here the bus comes! (WRONG) Here េរបើស បចលន(ចល)មក There េរបើស បចលនេចញេទ There goes the motor-taxi! េនះមតឌបេទេរសច! Bicycle-taxi = កងឌប Boat-taxi = ទកចលង(ពមខ ងេទមខ ង) Come េរបើស បចលនមក Go េរបើស បចលនេចញេទ There she goes! េនះគតេទេហើយ! (4) In vivid narrative, as substitude for the Simple Past; as, (៤) េនកនងករអ ថ ធបបយជកែសតង/យងចបសជករេរបើជនស Past Simple (នយយេរឿង) ដចជ Sohrabឥឡវេនះរតសរកេទមខេហើយ យមយៃដយងដណេទេលើRustum។ To rush = េធវើដេណើ រយងេលឿន/រតយងេលឿន
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To rush forward = រតសរកេទមខ/សទះេទមខ
driver To
deal To a blow to sb/sth = យសពងេទេលើ
telling
stunning heavy
a blow = ករ យសពងយងដណ
Immediately the Sultan hurries to his capital. ភល មេនះេសតចសលតងករបញបេទ ជធន។ Note: 1- ស បករអតថធបបយពេរឿងែដលេកើតេឡើងកនងអតតកលេហើយេដើមបេធវើឲយេរឿងហនង កដច ជកពងេកើតេឡើង។ 2- េគេរបើស បអ ថ ធបបយពអេពើកពងេកើតេឡើងដ លករនយយ ឧ. េពលអទក, ៃវបក, បលទត, …… (របPresent Simple នង Present Continous) - េពលកពងបេណតើ របលជអេពើែវង េរបើ Present Continous - េពលទតបលជសកមមភពSingle េរបើ Present Simple (5) To express a future event that is part of a fixed timetable or fixed programme; as, (៥) េរបើស បបញជ កពេហតករណអនគតែដលជែផនកមយៃនកលវភគ ឬ កមមវធឥតផល សបតរ ដចជ To be part of = ជែផនកមយៃន As part of (prep) = ជែផនកមយៃន
Fixed schedule timetable = កលវភគែដលឥតផល សបតរ
The next flight is at 7.00 tomorrow morning. េជើងេ ះេហើរេលើកេរកយគេមង៧រពក។ The match starts at 9 o’clock. កររបកតចបេផតើមេនេមង៩។ The train leaves at 5.20. រថេភលើងចកេចញេនេមង5.20នទ។ When does the coffee house reopen? េតើ ងកេហវេបើកេនេមងបនម ន? 208. Note also the other uses of the Simple Present Tense. ២០៨. ចរកតសគលផងែដរពរេបៀបេរបើេផ ងៗេទៀតរបស Present Tense។
(1) It is used to introduce quotations; as, (១) េគេរបើស បេផតើមេសចកត/សដដករសង ដចជ Keats says, ‘A thing of beauty is a joy for every.’ Keats នយយថ អវែដលមនសរសគជកររក យជេរៀងរហត ។ (2) It is used, instand of the Simple Future Tense, in clauses of time and of condition; as,
(២) េរបើជនស Simple Future Tense េនកនង Adverb of Time នង Condition ដចជ
I will wait. You 48476
43421
Simple Future
finish will your lunch. (Future Simple) ខញនងរងច។ អនកនងញបយរច។
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43421
ClauseMain wait willI
44444 344444 2143421
timeof clauseSub
SimplePresent
lunch.your finish you
−
until (Present Simple)
until ជConjunction របបេពលេវ Clause ែដលនមខេ យ Clause marker (ពកយសគលនយ) ឃល េនះ គជរបេយគរណប។ Conjunctions of time and condition: Until, till, when, while, as soon as, once, before, after, etc.
(3) As in broadcast commentaries on sporting events, the Simple Present is used, instead of the Present Continous, to describe activities in progress where there is stress on the succession of happenings rather than on the duration. (3) ដចេនកនងករផ យអ ថ ធបបយសតពវញញ ក Present Simple រតវបនេគេរបើជនស Present Continous េដើមបពពណនអពសកមមភពកពងេកើតេឡើងែដលេនកនងេនះមនករសងកតសេលងធងនេទេលើេហតករណេកើតជបនតបនទ បជជងេទេលើរយៈេពល។ Commentaries = ករអ ថ ធបបយ in progress = កពងេកើតេឡើង sporting event = វញញ ក happening = រពតតករណែដលេកើតេឡើង broadcast = ករផ យ( មវទយ) A succession of + plural noun = ជបនតបនទ ប
e.g. of victories = ជយជនះជបនតបនទ ប
(4) The Simple Present is used, instead of the Present Continous, with the type of verbs referred to in (§ 221) below. (4) Present Simple រតវបនេគេរបើជនស Present Continous ជមយរបេភទ Verbs ែដលេគនយយេនកនងេលខ 221 ខងេរកម។
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219. The Present Continous is used 219. Present Continous រតវេគេរបើ ***េរបើស បអេពើេកើតេឡើងេនេពលកពងនយយ ***េរបើស បអេពើកពងេកើតេឡើងេនេពលបចចបបនន (មនចបចេកើតេឡើងេពលកពងនយយេទ) (1) For an action going on at the time of speaking; as, (1) េរបើស បអេពើមយែដលកពងបនតេនេពលកពងនយយ ដចជ the time of speaking = េពលកពងនយយ She (now). គតកពងេរច ង (េរច ងឥឡវហនង)។ The boys hockey. េកមងៗកពងេលងក Hockey។ (2) For a temporary action which may not be actually happening at the time of speaking; as, (2) ស បអេពើបេ ត ះ សនតែដល ចជទេទមនេកើតេឡើងេនេពលកពងនយយ ដចជ I am reading ‘David Copperfielf’ (but I am not reading at this moment). ខញកពង នេសៀវេភ David Copperfield (បែនតេពលនយយអត នេទ)។ (3) For an action that has already been arranged to ; as, (Future Arragement) ***េរបើស បអេពើែដលនងេកើតេឡើងេនេពលអនគត។
(3) ស បអេពើមយែដលេគបនេរៀបចទកជេរសចេទេហើយឲយ េកើតេឡើងេនកនងេពលអនគតដខល។ to take place = េកើតេឡើង in the near future = កនងេពលអនគតដខល I to the cinema tonight. ខញនងេទេមើលកនយបេនះ។ going to េនះគ Present Continous របស Verb ‘go’ មនែមន be going to េទ។ My uncle is arriving tomorrows. ឳពកមខញនងមកដលេនៃថងែសអក។ 220. It has been pointed out before that the Simple Present is used for a habitual action. However, when the reference is to a particularly obstinate habit – sometime which persists, for example, inspite of advice or warming – we use the Present Continous with an adverb like always, continually, constantly. 220. េគបនគសបញជ កពមនរចេហើយថ Present Simple រតវបនេគេរបើស បអេពើជទ ប។ បែនតេនេពលករនយយហនង គសេ េទរកទ បចេចសរងរសពេសសអវមយេនះ គអវែដលេនែតមន ឧទហរណ េទះបជមនករទនម ន ឬ កររពមនយង កេ យ--េនេពលេយើងនយយទ បអញច ងេយើងេរបើកល Present Continous ជមយ Adverb: Always, Continually, Constantly។
Present Continuous +
= មន វ ង / ជនចច / រហត
Moment of Speaking (MS)
Start End MS
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(1) reference
(2) . ករនយយ(េយង) គ(នយយ) សេ េទរក......
……
……
…… ទ បដចេចសរងរសជពេសសមយ គអវែដលេនែតមនេទះបជមនករផតលដបនម នកេ យ...... in spite of (prep) = េទះបជ persist = េនែតមន
បេពញឲយ
= បណងរបថន ចងបនអវ១
.
បណងរបថន របសគតែដលចងបនសភមងគលមនែដលសេរចបនេទ។
. បណងរបថន របសគតគចងបនសភមងគល។
*** ជ របស
.
e.g. You are always complaining about food. អនកឯងរអជនចច / មន វ ង អពមហបហនង។ My dog is very silly; he is always running out into the road. ែឆករបសខញឆកត/ភលែមន ហនងរតេចញមកផលវមន វ ងែតមតង។
221. The following verbs, on account of their meaning, are not normally used in the continuous forms:-- 221. Verbខងេរកមេ យ រែតអតតនយរបស មធមម មនរតវេគេរបើេនកនងទរង Continuous េទៈ (1) Verbs of perception, e.g. see, hear, smell, notice, recognize. (1) ពក Verbែដលដងេ យ រមមណ ឧ. see, hear, smell (ធកលន), notice, recognize។
(4) Verbs ែដលទកទងនងករគត ឧ. think, suppose (គត), believe, agree, consider (ពចរ ), truth (ទកចតត), remember, forget, know, understand, imagine (រសៃម), mean (មនេគលបណង), mind (ជទស, េរបើជបដេសធនងសរ)។ (5) have (= possess), own, possess, belong to, contain, consist of, be (except when used in the passive) (5) have (មន), own (កនកប/មន), passess (មន), belong to (មនជកមមសទធ), contain (មនចណះ), consist of [មន(សមសភព)], be (េលើកែលងែតេនេពលែដលេគយកេទេរបើកនងទរង Passive [being កនង Present Continuous Passive Voice, Past Continuous Passive Voice, Future Continuous Passive Voice]
e.g.
Wrong Right
These grapes sour. These grapes taste soure.ែផលទពងបយជរទងអសេនះមនរសជតជរ។ (បញជ កពសភព [state])
I you are wrong. I you are wrong.
to think + that = យលថ / គតថ / មនេយបល (គតកនងនយយលេឃើញឬមនេយបល) (អតេរបើ -ing formេទ)
to think + of doing sth = គត (កនងនយពចរ ) (េរបើជ -ing form បន) e.g. I am thinking of moving to Phsar Deum Kor. ខញកពងគតពេរឿងេរ ើផទះេទេនផ រេដើមគរ។ NOT: …… I think that…… to smell + adj = ធកលន (អតេរបើ -ing form េទ) េគេ state verb to smell + sth = ហតកលន(េរបើ -ing form េគេ action verb to taste + adj = មនរសជត (អតេរបើ -ing form) to taste +sth = ភលក
Wrong Right
She sad. She sad.
He a cellular phone. He a cellular phone.
However, the verbs listed above can be used in the continuous tense with a change of meaning: បែនត Verb ែដលេគ យេឈម ះខងេលើ ចេរបើេនកនងកលទរង Continuous េ យមនករផល សបតរអតតនយៈ She the soup to see if it needs more salt. គតកពងភលកសឡេដើមបដងថេតើ រតវករ កអបលែថមេទៀតឬអត។ (taste = test the flavor of) Flavour = រសជត I of going to Malaysia. ខញកពងគតេមើលពេរឿងេទរបេទសមេឡស។ (think of = consider the idea of [ពចរ េមើលពគនតែដលថ)] They lunch. (have = eat)
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222. The Present Perfect is used: 222. Present Perfect រតវេគេរបើរបសៈ (1) To indicate completed activitied in the immediate past (with just);as, (1) េរបើស បបញជ កពសកមមភពែដលចបេនកនងេពលអតតកលែដលេទើបកនលងេទថម (ជមយពកយ just) ដចជ អេពើេទើបែតចបថមៗេនែកបរ MS I dinner. ខញេទើបញបយ ង ចរចេហើយអបញមញ។ He out. គតេទើបេចញេទេរកបតអបញមញេនះ។ It ten. នឡកហនងេទើបែត យេមង១០។ (2) Tp express past action whose time is not given and not definite; as, (2) េរបើស បបញជ កអេពើកនងអតតកលែដលេពលេវ របស េគមនរបបឬមនចបស ស ដចជ e.g. I dinner. ខញញបយ ង ចរចេហើយ។
***េរបើ Present Perfect មកពអតេពលេវ បែនតេបើេយើងរបបេពលេវ ចបស សបតរ េទជ Past Simple វញ។ I dinner 5: 30. (Past Simple) ***Present Perfect នង Past Simple ដចគន រតង េរបើស បអេពើេកើតចបកនងអតតកល។ េហើយខសគន រតងថ Past Simple េកើតចបកនងអតតកលមនេពលេវ ចបស ស េហើយ Present Perfect េកើតចបកនងអតតកលមនមនេពលេវ ចបស ស។ Have you read ‘Gulliver’s Travels’?
េតើអនកមនបន នេសៀវេភ Gulliver’s Travels េហើយឬេន? I have never known him to be angry. ខញមនែដលដងថគតខងេទ។ Mr. Hari to Japan. េ ក Hari ធល បេទជបន។ (3) To describe past events when we think more than ; as, (3) េរបើស បពពណនអពេហតករណកនងអតតកលេនេពលែដលេយើងនកគតេទដលលទធផលរបស េនកនងេពលបចចបបនន េរចើនជងគតេទដល សកមមភពខលនឯង ដចជ to know + to-infinitive is known + to-infinitive (more common) to think of sth = គតេទដល / ពចរ អពអវ១ to think of A of B = គតេទដល A េរចើនជង B Gopi all the biscuits (i.e. there aren’t any left for you). Gopi ញន biscuits អសេហើយ (គថ. អតមនេនសលស បអនកេទៀតេទ)។ ***ចលចណចេលខ (2) នង (3) ែតមយ។
(Indefinite time) េពលេវ អតចបស ស ②
MS
(With just) អេពើេកើតចប
①
MS
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2េរបើស បអេពើេកើតចបកនងអតតកលគម នេពលេវ ចបស ស រគនែត
មនលទធផលមកេពលបចចបបនន មនយែតបេ ណ ះ។
.ខញមតរមមៃដរបសខញ ឥឡវ ហរឈម ។ .
ខញេធវើកចចកររចេហើយ។
(4) To denote an action beginning at some time in the past and continuing uo to the present moment (often with since – and for-phrase); as, (4) េរបើស បសគលពសកមមភពមយែដលចបេផតើមេកើតេឡើងេនេពល មយែដលកនងអតតកល េហើយបនតរហតមកដលេពលបចចបបននកល (ជញកញបេគេរបើជមយកេន មពកយ since េហើយនង for) ដចជ sometime = េនេពល មយ up to = រហតដល since = របបចណចចបេផតើម since + (ចណចេពលេវ ) for + (រយៈេពល) I him for a long time. ខញ គ លគតអសរយៈេពលជយរមកេហើយ។ He ill since last week. គតឈ ងព ទតយមនមក។ We here for ten years. េយើងបនរសេនទេនះអសរយៈេពល១០ឆន េហើយ។ We ’ Padma for several months.
េយើងខនេឃើញ Padma អសរយៈេពលជេរចើនែខេហើយ។ ***(4) េរបើស បអេពើែដលេកើតេឡើងរចែដលរហតមកដលេពល MS (បចចបបនន) ***(4) Repeated action ***ជទេទមន Adverb of frequency របបចននដងៈ ២ដង, ៣ដង, ..., ១០ដង (Adverb របបពចននដងេរបើជមយ Present Perfect)។ I have met him twice.
ខញជបគត២ដងេហើយ។ (***អេពើេនះចបេហើយេរកយមកជបមតងេទៀត ែតលទធភពេកើតេឡើងេនមន។) (***អេពើ១េកើតេឡើងរចែដលៗែតចបេហើយ លទធភពេកើតេឡើងែលងមនេរបើ Past Simple បែនតេបើអេពើ១េនះេកើតេឡើងរចែដលៗេហើយលទធភពេនមនេរបើ Present Perfect។) I have written five letters
I will wait until you with the dictionary. ខញនងរងចរហតដលអនកេមើលវចននរកមរច។
I will wait. You with the dictionary. 223. The following adverbs or adverb phrases can also be used with the Present Perfect (apart from those mentioned above): never, ever (in questions only), so far, till now, yet (in negatives and questions), already, today, this week, this month, etc. 223. Adverb ខងេរកម ឬ Adverb Phrase ខងេរកមក ចរតវេគេរបើជមយកល Present Perfect ែដរ (េរកព Adverb ែដលេគេលើកេឡើងខងេលើ): never, ever (ែតកនងរបេយគសរេទ), so far (រហតមកដលេពលេនះ), till now (រហតមកដលេពលេនះ), yet [មនទនេនេឡើយ] (េនកនងរបេយគបដេសធនងសណរ), already (រចេហើយ), today, this week, this month, etc។
េ ថរយៈេពលមនទនចប
… អនកែដល … អវែដល
e.g. those (who were) interviewed...... => those interviewe...... អនកែដលរតវេគេធវើសមភ សន......
……
……
អនកែដលទទលខសរតវចេពះឧរកដឋកមម……
.
.
.
អនកែដលជបគក។
Present Perfect
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……
……
អនកែដលែរសងរកេសចកតសខេនកនងខលន……
…… apart from those
……
…… apart from those (which were) mentioned…… Note—The Present Perfect is never used with adverbs of past time. We should not say, for example, ‘He
to Kolkata yesterday’. In such cases the Simple Past should be used (‘He to Kolkata yesterday’). សគល--Present Perfect មនែដលេរបើជមយនង Adverb ែដលរបបពេពលេវ កនងអតតកលេនះេទ។ ឧទហរណ េយើងមនគរនយយថ ‘He has gone to Kolkata yesterday’ ។ េនកនងករណែបបេនះេគគរែតេរបើ Past Simple ‘He went to Kolkata yesterday’។ Yesterday ជ Adverb របបចណចេពលេវ កនងអតតកល (Past Simple)។
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‘Why are your clothes so wet?’
MS
‘ . ’
224. The Present Perfect Continuous is used for an action which began at sometime in the past and is still continuing; as, 224. Present Perfect Continuous រតវបនេគេរបើស បអេពើមយចបេផតើមេកើតេឡើងេនេពល មយកនងអតតកលេហើយេនែតកពងបនត។ ដចជ He for five hours (and is still sleeping). គតេដកអសរយៈេពល៥េមងេហើយ។ They the bridge for several months. ពកេគបនក ង(បននងកពង) ព នហនងអសរយៈេពលជងេរចើនែខេហើយ។ They since four o’clock. ពកេគបនេលង ងពេមង៤មក។ ***េយើងេរបើ Present Perfect Continuous េនេពលេយើងចងសងកតធងនេលើរយៈេពល។ ***េគេរបើ Present Perfect គសងកតធងនេលើសកមមភព/អេពើ។ 225. This tense is also sometimes used for an action already finished. In such cases the continuity of the activity is emphasized as an explanation of something. 225. កលេនះជនកលកេគេរបើស បសកមមភពមយែដលចបរចេទេហើយែដរ។ េនកនងករណែបបេនះ ករបនតសកមមភពរតវបនគសបញជ កជករពនយលអពអវមយ។ ‘Why are your clothes so wet?’—‘I the garden’. «េហតអវក វរបសអនកទទកេជគអញច ង?»--«ខញេរ ចទកសន»។
When + Past Simple – Past Perfect Continuous When + Past Simple – Past Continuous
ឧទហរណថ ម លមញេពលខញេទដលផទះេឃើញទកលចពេលើដបល។ ទកលចមនពរករណៈ ១. េពលេបើកទវ រចលេទេឃើញទកកពងរសកតកៗ When + Past Simple – Past Continuous ២. េពលេបើកទវ រចលេទេឃើញទកលចេសើមេជកកត When + Past Simple – Past Perfect Continuous
***Present Perfect Continuous & Past Perfect Continuous គមនេហតករដចគន ែតខសគនរតង MS (Moment of Speaking)។
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226. The simple Past is used to indicate an action completed in the past. It often occurs with adverbs or adverb phrases of past time. 226. Past Simple រតវបនេគេរបើសេដើមបបញជ កពសកមមភពមយែដលចបេនកនងអតតកល។ ជញកញបេកើតេឡើងេ យមន Adverbs ឬ Adverb Phrases របបពេពលេវ កនងអតតកល។ ***េពលេវ កនងអតតកលេ ថចណចេពលេវ ។ The steamer . កបលហនងេបើកកលពៃថងម លមញ។ Steamer = កបលេរបើច យទក/កបលដតធយង I this letter . ខញទទលបនសបរតរបសគតកលពមយសបត ហមន។ She school . 227. Sometimes this tense used without an adverb of time. In such cases the time may be either implied or indicated by the context. 227. ជនកលកលេនះរតវបនេគេរបើេ យមនមន Adverb របបេពលេវ េទ។ េនកនងករណទងេនះ េពលេវ ចរតវបនេគយលឬរតវបញជ កេ យបរបទ។ I Hindi in Nagpur. ខញេរៀនអក រ hindi េន Nagpur។ I ’ sleep well (i.e., last night). ខញេដកអតលករសលេ ះយបមញ។ Babar Rana Sanga
.
Babar យយកឈនះេលើ Rana Sanga េន Kanwaha។ 228. The Simple Past is also used for past habits; as, 228. Past Simple ករតវបនេគេរបើស បទ បកនងអតតកលែដរ ដចជ He many hours every day. គតេរៀនេរចើនេមង សមយៃថងៗ។ She always an umbrella. គតែតងែតកនឆរត(យកឆរត មរហត)។
229. The Past Continuous is used to denote an action going on at some time in the past. The time of the action may or may not be indicated. 229. Past Continuous រតវបនេគេរបើសេដើមបសគលអេពើមយែដលកពងបនតេនេពល មយេនកនងអតតកល។ េពលេវ ែដលអេពើេនះេកើតេឡើង ចរតវេគបញជ ក ឬ ចមនរតវបនេគបញជ ក។ We to the radio all evening. េយើង ត បវទយេពញមយ ង ច។ It darker. កនែតងងតេទៗ។
As in the last two examples above, the Past Continuous and Simple Past were used together when a new action happened in the middle of a longer action. The Simple Past is used for the new action. ដចេនកនងឧទហរណពរចងេរកយខងេលើ Past Contiuous នង Simple Past រតវបនេគេរបើជមយគនេនេពលែដលអេពើថមមយេកើតេឡើងេនចក ត លៃនអេពើមយែដលែវងជង ។ Simple Past េរបើស ប អេពើែដលេកើតថមេនះ។
…… ,……
230. This tense is also used with always, continually, etc. for persistent habits in the Past. 230. កលេនះកេគេរបើជមយ always, continually, ។ល។ ស បទ បដចេចសេនកនងអតតកល។ He was always . គតហនងតអញែតអររហតែតមតង/មន វ ង។
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Just
MS
MS
Indefinite time
MS
MS
Indefinite time
ចណចេពលេវ
MS
MS
Past Time
Past Perfect
រតវេមើល Present Perfect & Past Simple
១. អេពើេទើបចបថមៗែកបរ MS--ពកយ just
២. អេពើែដលេកើតចបកនងអតតកលគម នេពលេវ ចបស ស
៣. អេពើេកើតកនងអតតកលបនតមកដលបចចបបននកលឬមកដលឬចបេន MS។
៤. ស ប Future (មកព Future Perfect)
១. អេពើេកើតចបកនងអតតកលមនេពលេវ ចបស ស
២. អេពើេកើតេឡើងជបនតបនទ បកនងអតតកល
I had just had dinner. ខញេទើបញបយេហើយអបញមញ។
(គតពេពលនយយរតឡបេទេរកយ) I met Sok at 6 o’clock yesterday. He had just had dinner. ខញជបសកេនេមង៦ម លមញ។ គតេទើបញបយ ច ចេហើយ។ (គតពេពលជបគន េនេមង៦េទេរកយ)
231. The Past Perfect describes an action completed before a certain moment in the past; as, 231. Past Perfect ពពណនពសកមមភពមយែដលចបមនខណៈេពលពតដរបកដមយេនកនងអតតកល ដចជ
I met him in New Delhi in 1996. I had seen him last five years before. ខញបនជបគតេនទរកង New Delhi េនឆន ១៩៩៦។ ខញបនេឃើញគតជេលើកចងេរកយកលព៥ឆន មន។ (គតព ឆន ១៩៩៦) I last saw him 5 years before.
I met him in 1996. I had last seen him 5 years before.
Sok: “I have learned English for 3 monsths.” ខញេរៀនអងេគលស៣ែខេហើយ។
Sok said he had learned English for 3 months.
I lived there for 3 years.
The king អេពើទ១
them to find a happy man and when then they មនែមនជ េ យ រ បតរព
អេពើទ២ him to bring back his shirt.
េសតចបនបញជ ពកេគឲយេទែសវងរកមនស សបបយេហើយេពលរកេឃើញឲយយក វ មក។ He sent me here to buy a packet of cigarette.
គតេរបើខញឲយមកទញបរមយកញច ប។ 232. If two actions happened in the past, it may be necessary to show which action happended earlier than the other. The Past Perfect is mainly used in such situations. The Simple Past is used in one clause and the Past Perfect in the other; as, 232. របសនេបើអេពើពរេកើតេឡើងេនកនងអតតកល គជករចបច សែដលរតវបងហ ញថេតើអេពើមយេកើតមនអេពើមយេផ ងេទៀត។ Past Simple េគេរបើជពេសសកនង ថ នករណែបបហនងេហើយ។ Simple Past រតវបនេគេរបើេនកនងឃល មយេហើយ Past Perfect េរបើេនកនងឃល មយេទៀត។ Maily = ជសខន/ជពេសស
I អេពើទ២
the station the train អេពើទ១
(so I couldn’t get into the train). េពលខញេទដល ថ នយរថេភលើងចបេផតើមេចញដេណើ របតេទេហើយ។ (ដេចនះ ខញមន ចជះរថេភលើងបនេទ) [(េចញេទមនេពលេយើងមកដល) េទផតយរេហើយ។]
Saw
www.salar
ean.c
om
I អេពើទ១
my exercise Hari អេពើទ២
to see me. ខញេធវើល តរចេហើយេនេពលែដល Hari មកេលង។ (ចបមនេពល Hari មកដល) I the letter he . ខញសរេសរសបរតរចេហើយមនេពលគតបនមកដល។
1. Past Perfect + + Past Simple 2. + Past Perfect + Past Simple
Past Perfect Continuous (Temperary) អេពើចបេហើយកនងអតតកល
www.salar
ean.c
om
Anand 5 years
1995 ចណចេគល មក ឆន ១៩៩៥
Past PerfectContinuous
At that time he a novel for two months. េនេពលេនះគតបនសរេសរក ពយអសរយៈេពល២ែខ។ (េគចងសងកតធងនេលើរយៈេពល េគចងនយយថមកដលេពលេនះ គេពល២ែខេហើយ។
When Mr. Mukerhi came to the school 1995, Mr. Anand had already been teaching there for five years. េនេពលេ ក Mukerji មក េនះេនឆន ១៩៩៥ េ ក Anand បនបេរង នេនទេនះអសរយៈេពល៥ឆន េទេហើយ។ (៥ឆន គតមកដលេ ក Mukerji េទដល េនះេនឆន ១៩៩៥)
