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The Utilization of The Utilization of Geographic Information Geographic Information
Systems (GIS)Systems (GIS) in Health Planning and in Health Planning and
EpidemiologyEpidemiology
Jaime Bech-Nappi and Glauber A. Gonçalves
Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande - RS - Brasil
Jaime Bech-Nappi MD PhD
Professor Chairman of Public Health
Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)
Nucleo de Estudos em Administração e Saúde Coletiva(NEAS)
AND Glauber Acunha Gonçalves,MS
Assistant Professor
Laboratory of Remote Sensoring
FURG
mailto://[email protected]
First Part
A HIS (Health Information System)is a “mechanism of retrieval,processing,analyzingand propagatethe information needed to organize and operate health servicesand also to research and planningthe control of illness …”
(OMS European Regional Bureau 1992)
Two Concepts: a HIS ...
A GIS (Geographic Information System)is an “organized collection of computer hardware, software,geographic data and personnel designed toefficiently capture, store, update, manipulate,analyze and displayall forms of geographically referenced information”
(ESRI Inc. 1995)
... and GIS
Second Part
GIS Structure
A GIS that is used for health data administration’s is a HIS.
HEALT DATAHEALT DATA
Typical Instruments and produtsused in GIS Systems
GPS - Global Positioning System
Digitalizer Table
Plotter
Aerial Digital Photography
Typical Softwares GIS
Image Processing Systems
Simulations Mathematic and Statistical Operations
GIS Systems
STACKED MAP LAYERS: Each layer can representate a phenomena and the layers can be superposed.
Topography
Soils
Urban Areas
Water Distribution
GIS Data Structure
and Industrial Activities, Census data, Hospital and Health Stations, others, etc...
Health and ill-health phenomena distribute in time-spatial dimensions.
Each event has his geographic coordinates
The use of the GIS Data Structure forHealth Administration
GIS COMBINES:
GEOREFERENCE DATAGEOREFERENCE DATA
SURVEILLANCE DATASURVEILLANCE DATA
MANAGEMENT DATAMANAGEMENT DATA
In resume
FOR ANALYSIS AND DECISION MAKING
Third Part
Health of a country, a region, a community, involves several and different elements, all
interconnected.
Brazil
Bolivia
Argentina
Uruguai
Venezuela
Rio Grande City
Radarsat© Image
ArcView Data
N
EW
S
Health system of a city can be analised, for example, by the address of patients actually interned at the Hospital.
Childrens 0 - 5 years attended in University Hospital of Rio Grande / 1997
Epidemiologic Applications:VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES (1)
WATER-BORNE DISEASES (2)
EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (3)
LEAD HAZARDS (4)
PREDICTION PEDESTRIAN INJURIES (5)
ANALYSIS OF DISEASES POLICE (6)
ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS (7)
DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY (8)
Prediction of mortality rates, life expectancy, health condition, environmental hazards, have important consequences to determine national health capacity needs.
IMPROVES SPATIAL
ANALYSIS TASKS:
VISUALIZATION
EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS
MODEL BUILDING
GIS
HEALTH CARE PLANNING
GIS APPLICATIONS IN
TERRITORY-DEMOGRAPHIC
DELIMITED AREAS, ARE THE BASIS OF PRIMARY PUBLIC HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
SPACE-TIME RELATIONSHIPS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
AND ILL-HEALTH ARE FUNDAMENTAL
COMPONENTS INEPIDEMIOLOGICAL
SURVEILLANCE
Sophisticated spatial analysis is related with optimal localization and complexity of resources destinated to each PHS
Rural and Metropolitan areas are beneficiated by this scientifical planning.
Percent of People with less than 3 years of instructi
Water
1.5% - 3.0%
28.9% - 80.6%
16.7% - 28.9%
11.8% - 16.7%
10.6% - 11.8%
8.5% - 10.6%
6.9% - 7.7%
5.4% - 6.9%
3.0% - 5.4%
7.7% - 08.5%
Number of houses by censitary district2 - 6263 - 132133 - 200201 - 299300 - 588
Agua.shpEstradas.shp
Number of houses by censitary district
GIS IS A POWERFUL INSTRUMENT FOR HEALTH UTILISATION