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The Vermont Department of Health
Overview of Pandemic Influenza
Regional Pandemic Planning Summits • 2006
Guidance • Support • Prevention • Protection
The Vermont Department of Health
Topics• Definitions
• Potential Impacts of an Influenza Pandemic
• Overview of Vermont’s Pandemic Response Plan
The Vermont Department of Health
Definitions
The Vermont Department of Health
Seasonal Influenza• Human illness• Occurs “seasonally” • Fall/winter/spring
• Vaccine available• Most people have uncomplicated illness,
though there are severe consequences:• 36,000 deaths/year in U.S.• Over 100,000 hospitalizations/year in U.S.
The Vermont Department of Health
Avian Influenza• Illness in birds• Domestic and wild (migratory) • Usually with different strains of the virus than
what are found in humans
• Humans rarely can get infected/ill:• Risk associated with close contact to infected
birds or their contaminated environments
• H5N1 one example
The Vermont Department of Health
Pandemic Influenza• A “Pandemic” is a global disease outbreak
• For an influenza pandemic to occur:• A new type of the influenza virus • Most or all of the population susceptible• Virus easily spread person to person• Widespread illness and death
• The first two conditions are met with H5N1
The Vermont Department of Health
Pandemic Influenza• 20th Century Influenza Pandemics:• 1918 “Spanish flu”
20 – 100 million deaths worldwide– 500,000 deaths U.S.
• 1957 “Asian flu”• 1968 “Hong Kong flu”
The Vermont Department of Health
Potential Impacts of an Influenza Pandemic
The Vermont Department of Health
Impact of the Next Pandemic• Simultaneous and sustained impact
across U.S. and globally:• Pandemic unlike other emergencies where
we can rely on others to respond
• Disruptions in essential services:• Up to 40% of the population may be out due
to illness, the need to take care of others, or fear
The Vermont Department of Health
Impact of the Next Pandemic• Likely shortages in vaccine and antiviral
drugs:• May need to rely heavily on more
traditional prevention measures
• Overwhelming numbers of people ill and dead
The Vermont Department of Health
Potential Impact on VermontModerate Severe
Illness 186,000 186,000
Outpatient visits 93,000 93,000
Hospitalization 1,860 18,600
ICU care 279 2790
Mechanical ventilation 140 1,395
Deaths 372 3,720
The Vermont Department of Health
Overview of Vermont’s Pandemic Response Plan
The Vermont Department of Health
Disease Surveillance and Investigation• Detect cases, identify risk factors for severe
disease and death and monitor the outbreak:• To aide in the implement of prevention and control
measures • To ensure appropriate use of vaccine/antiviral
medications and other limited resources• To advise the public and policy makers• To evaluate prevention and control measures
The Vermont Department of Health
Procurement, Distribution and Use of Antivirals
• Procure, distribute and use antiviral medications to:• Treat and/or prevent disease
• Limited amount of antiviral medications will mean targeting use to key groups
The Vermont Department of Health
Procurement, Distribution and Use of Vaccine• Procure, distribute and use vaccine to:• Prevent disease
• Limited amount of vaccine will mean targeting use to key groups
The Vermont Department of Health
Community Disease Prevention and Control• Implement non-medical interventions to reduce the
transmission of the virus:• “Social Distancing”:
Closing schools, canceling mass gatherings, etc. • Promoting effective behaviors:
Hand hygiene Respiratory etiquette
• Implementing isolation and quarantine: Limited to the very early stage of a pandemic
The Vermont Department of Health
Supporting Activities/Plans• Mass Clinic• Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)• Epidemiology• Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication• Health Alert Network• Behavioral Health• Others