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The War.THE CATASTROPHE TO LORD KITCHENER AND HIS

STAFF.IT is a veritable tragedy by which the country is suddenly

deprived of the services of Lord Kitchener, who, with hisstaff, was drowned on June 5th last while starting on aspecial mission to Russia. But the catastrophe must befaced by us with the spirit which that great man whohas gone from us always showed in adverse circumstances.Sadly will he be missed from our councils, for muchremained to be done by him ; but the part of his workwhich he actually accomplished-the raising of a giganticcitizen army in a country utterly unready for the socialrevolution implied-will stand to his eternal credit in thememory of a grateful country.

THE CASUALTY LIST.The following names of medical officers appear among the

casualties announced since our last issue :-

Killed.Lieutenant J. MacC. C. Johnston, R.A.M.C., attached to the

Worcestershire Regiment, was educated at Edinburghand St. Andrews Universities, qualifying in 1913, andheld the post of resident surgeon at the Royal Infirmary,Dundee. He joined the R.A.M.C. in July, 1915.

Captain J. G. Mackenzie, Australian A.M.C., graduated in1910 at the University of Glasgow, and was in practiceat Victoria, Australia, before joining the AustralianExpeditionary Force.

Fleet-Surgeon F. F. Lobb, R.N., H.M.S. Queen 111ary, receivedhis medical education at St. Mary’s Hospital, London,and qualified in 1898. After holding house appointmentsat St. Mary’s, the London Fever Hospital, and the ’,Female Lock Hospital, London, he joined the RoyalNavy, and in 1900, while surgeon of the Tlzrits7t, heassisted in the rescue in a heavy sea of 13 FrenchMalagasy subjects from the uninhabited island ofEuropa. He took part in the Nigerian and in theGambian expeditions, receiving the African medal andthe Aro clasp.

Surgeon C. W. Lewis, R.N., H.M.S. Queen ltZary, qualifiedM.B., Ch.B. at Edinburgh University in 1914.

Surgeon M. H. de J. Harper, R.N., H.M.S. Queen 11[arty,qualified M.B., B.S. Durham in 1914.

Fleet-Surgeon W. J. Bearblock, R.N., H.M.S. Invincible, waseducated at Guy’s Hospital, London, and qualified in1887. He had held a house appointment at the RoyalAlbert Hospital, Devonport.

Surgeon C. 0. H. Jones, R.N., H.M.S. Invincible, was educatedat St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, where he held a houseappointment later, and qualified in 1915.

Surgeon G. Shorland, R.N., H.M.S. Invincible, was educatedat Guy’s Hospital, London, and qualified in 1901. Priorto joining the Navy recently he was medical officer to theRailway Clearing House at Euston-square, London.

Fleet-Surgeon H. L. Norris, R.N., H.M.S. Indefatigable, waseducated at St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, qualifyingin 1898.

Surgeon S. Punch, R.N., H.M.S. Zndefatigable, was educatedat University College, Cork, qualifying in 1912.

Surgeon A. A. Morison, R.N., H.M.S. Indefatigable, qualifiedM.B., Ch.B. at Edinburgh University in 1910, and was inpractice at Craiglea Drive. Edinburgh, before joining theNavy as a temporary surgeon. He was a well-knownScottish footballer, and was formerly resident surgeonat the Royal Maternity Hospital, Edinburgh, andassistant medical officer at the Brook Hospital of theMetropolitan Asylums Board.

Fleet-Surgeon F. A. Capps, R.N., H.M.S. Defence, receivedhis qualifications at Edinburgh and Glasgow in 1890.

Surgeon F. W. T. Clemens, R.N., H.M.S. Defence, waseducated at Bristol University, qualifying M.B., B.S.Lond. in 1913. Before joining the Navy he was inpractice at Bath.

Surgeon G. M. Johnson, R.N., H.M.S. Defence, received hiseducation at Oxford University and at the London Hos-pital, and qualified in 1908. He had held the appointmentof house surgeon and house physician at the RadcliffeInfirmary, Oxford.

Fleet-Surgeon H. L. Geoghegan, R.N., H.M.S. Black Prince,was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, qualifying in1898.

Surgeon T. M. Wood-Robinson, R.N., H.M.S. Black Prince,was educated at Middlesex Hospital, qualifying in 1914.He was in practice at Dovercourt before joining theNavy.

Surgeon J. S. D. McCormac, R.N., H.M.S. Black Prince,received his qualifications at Edinburgh and Glasgow in1894, and after practising in Leicester was appointedanesthetist at the Royal Dental Hospital, London.

Surgeon G. B. Moon, R.N., was educated at Birminghamand at Edinburgh Universities, qualifying in 1904, andgave up his position as assistant medical officer at theKent County Asylum, Barming Heath, to join the Navyshortly after the outbreak of war.

Surgeon-Probationer J. E. MacIntyre, R.N.V.R., H.M.S.Ardent.

Surgeon-Probationer D. J. T. Oswald, R.N.V.R., H.M.S.Nomad.

Surgeon-Probationer A. Joe, R.N.V.R., H.M.S. Nestor.Surgeon-Probationer R. Walker, R.N.V.R., H.M.S. Shark.Surgeon-Probationer D. H. Ferris, R.N.V.R.Surgeon-Probationer H. J. Dingle, R.N.V.R.Surgeon-Probationer J. Hislop, 13,.N.V.R.

Lost in H.1LS. Hampshire.Fleet-Surgeon P. G. Williams, R.N., was a student at

St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, and qualified in 1889.Surgeon H. F. McNally was educated at Queen’s University,

Belfast, qualifying in 1915.Surgeon H. G. Chaplin was a student at St. Thomas’s Hos-

pital, qualifying in 1914, and afterwards returning toNewfoundland.

Died.

Temporary Lieutenant G. S. Engineer, I.M.S.Lieutenant H. R. Griffith, R.A.M.C., qualified in 1889,

graduating at Dublin University, and died from heartfailure at Press Heath Camp, Whitchurch.

Died of Wounds.Lieutenant-Colonel A. W. Tanner. Canadian Army Medical

Corps, graduated at the University of Toronto, 1899, andwas in practice at Moosomin, Saskatchewan, beforejoining the Canadian Expeditionary Force.

Captain W. N. Watson, R.A.M.C., attached to the King’sOwn Scottish Borderers, graduated in 1913 at EdinburghUniversity, and joined the R.A.M.C. in December, 1914.He was awarded the Military Cross in connexion withthe battle of Loos, and took a combatant commission inApril last.

WlJ1tnded.

Staff-Surgeon B. R. Bickford, R.N.Captain J. J. Jamieson, Canadian Army Medical Corps.Captain J. A. Reid, Canadian Army Medical Corps.

Bt:lieved to have been taken Prisoners at Knt-el-Amara,

R.A.M.C.-Maj. E. V. Aylen; Maj. E. Bennett; Lt.-Col.H. 0. B. Browne-Mason; Capt. A. S. Cane; Lt.-Col. J.Hennessy, C.B. ; Capt. C. E. M. Jones, attached to theHampshire Regt. ; Capt. A. T. J. McCreery; Capt. R. K.Mallam ; Capt. L. Murphy; Capt. T. E. Osmond, attachedto the Norfolk Regt. ; Lieut. F. T. Simpson, attached to theDorset Regt. ; and Capt. J. Startin, attached to the Oxfordand Bucks Lt. Infantry.

LM.S.-Capt. L. A. P. Anderson ; Maj. S. Anderson; Capt.D. Arthur; Lt. N. K. Bal; Maj. C. H. Barber; Capt. R. C.Clifford; Temp. Lt. A. Y. Dabholcar; Capt. S. G. S.Haughton; Col. P. Hehir, C.B.; Capt. H. H. King;Capt. J. S. S. Martin ; Lt. R. V. Martin ; Capt. K. K.Mukerji ; Capt. C. Newcomb; Maj. W. MacM. Pearson;Capt. M. L. Puri; Capt. F. H. Salisbury; Lt. W. C.Spackman ; Temp. Lt. N. R. R. Ubhaya ; and Capt. G. 0.Western, Sub. Med. Dept.

DEATHS AMONG THE SONS OF MEDICAL MEN.The following sons of medical men must be added to our

list of those who have fallen during the war :-Lieutenant J. MacC. C. Johnston, R.A.M.C., elder son of

Dr. R. Johnston, of Nethergate, Dundee.Captain J. C. C. Barnes, Border Regiment, youngest son of

Lieutenant-Colonel H. J. Barnes, R.A.M.C., of Colyton,Devon.

Lieutenant H. C. N. Taylor, London Regiment, younger sonof Dr. F. Taylor, P.R.C.P., of Wimpole-street, London.

Lieutenant R. E. Paterson, R.N.3 H.M.S. Fortune, youngerson of Professor A. M. Paterson, of Liverpool.

Midshipman E. R. Bates, R.N., H.M.S. Indefatigable, elderson of Dr. J. E. Bates, of Wimbledon, Surrey.

Midshipman W. F. R. A. Cooper, R.N., H.M.S. Indefatigable,only son of the late Dr. T. G. D. Cooper, of Penang.

Lieutenant R. 1. Faulkner, R.N., H.M.S. Black Prince,younger son of Dr. C. I. Faulkner, late of Escrick, Yorks.

Midshipman E. T. Hodgson, R.N., H.M.S. Invincible, youngerson of Dr. H. Hodgson, of Alresford, Hants.

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Captain the Rev. C. W. Lydall, R.N., H.M.S. JLMH, son of thelate Dr. W. H. Lydall, of London,

Second Lieutenant C. R. Hind, South Staffordshire Regiment,second son of Mr. A. E. Hind, F.R.C.S., of Jersey.

Fleet-Surgeon H. L. Norris, R.N., H.M.S. Indefatigable,youngest son of the late Dr. H. E. Norris, of Charmouth,Dorset.

Surgeon G. B. Moon, R.N., eldest son of Dr. G. D. Moon, ofDerby.

Surgeon A. A. Morison, R.N., H.M.S. Indefatigable, sixthson of the late Dr. D. Morison, of Bengal.

Captain H. R. H. O’Brien. Royal Field Artillery, only son ofLieutenant-Colonel J. O’Brien, I.M.S., of Instow, NorthDevon.

_____

THE HONOURS LIST.The following awards to medical officers, either for services

rendered in connexion with military operations in the fieldor for valuable services in connexion with the war, are

announced in the list of Birthday Honours issued at the endof last week :-

To be C.B. (Military Division).-Surg.-Gen. W. G. A. Bedford,C.M.G. ; Surg.-Gen. R. Porter; Surg.-Gen. T. J. O’Donnell,D.S.O. ; Col. R. H. Luce, T.F.Res.; Lieut.-Col. C. C.Cumming, R.A.M.C.

To be K.C.M.G.-Col. (Hon. Surg.-Gen.) W. D. C. Williams,C.B., Australian A.M.C.

To be C.M.G.-Col. C. E. Harrison, C.V.O., A.M.S. (T.F.) ;Col. H. N. Thompson, D.S.O., A.M.S.; Col. T. B. Beach,A.M.S. ; Col. C. W. R. Healey, A.M.S.; Col. J. B. Wilson,A.M.S. ; Col. A. L. F. Bate, A.M.S.; Col. E. C. Freeman,A.M.S. (T.F.) ; Col. A. Fullerton, A.M.S.; Lt.-Col.H. E. R. James, C.B., R.A.M.C.; Lt.-Col. A. H. Lister,R.A.M.C. (T.F.); Lt.-Col. 0. L. Robinson, R.A.M.C.; Lt.-Col.H. A. Bray, R.A.M.C. ; Lt.-Col. (temp. Col.) E. W. Slayter,R.A.M.C. ; Lt.-Col. T. P. Jones, R.A.M.C.; Lt.-Col. G. S.Thom, R.A.M.C. ; Lt.-Col. J. V. Forrest, R.A.M.C.;Lt.-Col. L. Humphry, R.A.M.C. ; Temp. Lt.-Col. W. H.Willcox, R.A.M.C.; Lt.-Col. and Hon. Col. Sir J. R. A.Clark, Bart., C.B., R.A.M.C. (T.F.) ; Maj. G. Hall,R.A.M.C. (T.F.); Lt.-Col. B. J. Newmarch, AustralianA.M.C. ; Lt.-Col. (temp. Col.) J. T. Fotheringham, CanadianA.M.C. ; Lt.-Col. P. C. Fenwick, New Zealand A.M.C.

To be Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel.-Maj. (temp. Brig.-Genl.)A. C. Geddes, Unattached List (T.F.).

D.S.O.-Maj. H. V. Bagshawe, R.A.M.C.; Maj. B. S.Bartlett, R.A.M.C.; Lt.-Col. E. A. Bourke, R.A.M.C.;Capt. D. B. Chiles-Evans, R.A.M.C. (T.F.); Surg.-Maj.R. M. Cowie, 1st Life Guards; Maj. J. M. Darling, Spec.Res. R.A.M.C.; Maj. C. Farrant, R.A.M.C. (T.F.) ;Maj. (temp. Lt.-Col.) R. F. M. Fawcett, R.A.M.C.; Lt.-Col.T. H. Forrest, R.A.M.C. (T.F.) ; Maj. A. N. Fraser,R.A.M.C. ; Capt. E. D. Gairdner, R.A.M.C. (T.F.); Lt.-Col.J. S. Gallie, R.A.M.C. ; Lt.-Col. J. Grech, R.A.M.C.;.Maj. P. H. Henderson, R.A.M.C. ; Maj. G. W. Heron,R.A.M.C. ; Capt. A. H. Heslop, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. G. S.Husband, I.M.S.; Maj. (temp. Lt.-Col.) A. C. Osburn,R.A.M.C. ; Lt.-Col. E. P. Sewell, R.A.M.C.; Capt. W. C.Smales, R.A.M.C.; Maj. W. M. B. Sparkes, R.A.M.C. ;Maj. C. P. Thomson, R.A.M.C.; Capt. (temp. Maj.) A. E.Webb-Johnson, R.A.M.C. (T.F.); Maj. J. B. McLean,Australian A.M.C.; Capt. T. B. Brown, AustralianA.M.C. ; Capt. (temp. Maj.) R. D. Campbell, AustralianA.M.C.-Major G. W. K. Crosland, late W. Riding Regt.(T.F.), who has received the distinction, is a medical man,and was serving in a combatant capacity.

Military Cross.-Temp. Capt. G. S. Blandy, R.A.M.C.; Capt.W. A. Brechin, R.A.M.C. ; Temp. Capt. A. Bremner,R.A.M.C.; Capt. L. C. Bruce, R.A.M.C. (T.F.); Temp.Capt. W. H. Butler, R.A.M.C. ; Temp. Lieut. 1. W. Corkey,R.A.M.C.; Capt. W. R. Douglas, R.A.M.C.; Capt. K. K.Drury, R.A.M.C., Spec. Res. ; Temp. Capt. C. R. Dudgeon,R.A.M.C.; Capt. G. E. Dyas, R.A.M.C. ; Temp. Capt. A. C.Edwards, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. T. J. C. Evans, I.M.S.; Capt.J. F. Farrow, R.A.M.C.(T.F.); Capt. A. D. Fraser,R.A.M.C.; Temp. Lt. C. T. Galbraith, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. J. Gilmour,R.A.M.C. ; Capt. G. R. Grant, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. E. R. G.Greville, R.A.M.C. ; Temp. Capt. A. C. Keep, R.A.M.C. ;Temp. Capt. A. J. Kendrew, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. C. Lovell,R.A.M.C. ; Temp. Capt. M. A. MacDonald, R.A.M.C.; Lt. J. S.McCallam, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. F. A. McCammon, R.A.M.C.;Capt. J. D. MacCormack, R.A.M.C., Spec. Res. ; Temp. Lt. P. McGibbon, R.A.M.C.; Capt. H. S. Milne, R.A.M.C.; ’ ]Temp. Lt. J. W. O’Brien, R.A.M.C.; Temp. Capt. H. J.

’

Orr Ewing, R.A.M.C.; Capt. H. F. Panton, R.A.M.C. : (Capt. D’Arcy Power, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. G. E. J. A. tRobinson, R.A.M.C.; Surg.-Capt. W. T. Rowe, S. Notts. Hrs. (Yeo.) ; Temp. Capt. H. H. Sampson, R.A.M.C. ;Capt. L. R. Shore, R.A.M.C. ; Lt. C. J. Stocker, I.M.S.; cTemp. Capt. M. A. Swan, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. D. C. Taylor, E

R.A.M.C.; Temp. Lt. N. S. Whitton, R.A.M.C. ; Capt. H. F. Wilkin, R.A.M.C. (T.F.) ; Capt. G. E. Kidd, Canadian IA.M.C. r

THE REGULATIONS FOR THE PROFESSIONALCOMMITTEES.

The following are the Regulations for Professional Com-mittees in respect of duly qualified medical practitionersunder the Military Service Acts, 1916:-1.-(1) Subject as hereinafter provided, there shall be a Central Pro-

fessional Committee for England and Wales and a Central ProfessionalCommittee for Scotland, consisting in each case of not less than 12 normore than 25 members, appointed by members of the medical pro-fession in such manner as the Army Council may approve, andrepresentative of the profession, to which all applications for certificatesof exemption made to a Tribunal in England or Wales or in Scotlandas the case may be by or in respect of practitioners on any grounds otherthan that of conscientious objection shall be referred by the Tribunalto which such applications are made. (2) If the Army Councilare satisfied that any existing Professional Committee which has beenrecognised by them for the purpose of making arrangements for theselection of practitioners for service during the war in the Naval andMilitary Forces of the Crown has been appointed by members of theprofession and is representative of the profession, they may, if theythink fit, and subject to such conditions as they may impose, approvesuch Committee for the purpose aforesaid, and in that case the Pro-fessional Committee so approved shall be the Central Professional Com-mittee for the purposes of these regulations. (3) The Central Profes-sional Committee may, with the approval of the Army Council, appointor recognise such Local Professional Committees as they may thinknecessary for the purposes hereinafter mentioned.

2. Where an application for a certificate of exemption on any groundother than that of conscientious objection is made by or in respect of apractitioner to a Tribunal, the Tribunal shall forthwith notify the appro-priate Central Professional Committee that the application has beenmade and shall send to that Committee the application together withany statement or particulars furnished to the Tribunal by or in respectof the practitioner.3.-(1) The Central Professional Committee shall, subject as herein-

after provided, thereupon consider the matter, and, if they are satisfiedon the facts before them that a certificate of exemption (whetherabsolute, conditional, or temporary) ought to be granted. they shallmake a recommendation to the Tribunal accordingly. (2) The Com-mittee in any case in which they are of opinion that the applicationdoes not give the required or sufficient particulars or does not discloseprimâ facie grounds for considering the application, may requirefurther and better particulars or grounds, as the case may be, to begiven ; and if such further and better particulars or grounds are notdelivered to the Committee within seven clear days after such notifica-tion has been sent, or within such extended time as may be allowed bythe Committee, the Committee may make forthwith such recommenda-tion as they think appropriate. (3) For the purpose of ascertaining thefacts relevant to the decision of an application. the Committee may,and if so required by the practitioner in respect of whom the applicationis made, shall hear the practitioner and such witnesses as he may desireto call, and may take into consideration any written statements sent byor in respect of any practitioner. (4) At least seven clear days beforethe hearing of an application the Committee shall send to the

practitioner notice in writing of the time and place fixed for a

hearing.4.—(1) Subject as hereinbefore provided, the Central Professional

Committee may, if they think fit, and before hearing the practitioneror coming to a decision upon the application, refer any application tothe Local Professional Committee of any area in which the practitionerresides or carries on medical practice, for consideration and report onall or any of the matters connected therewith, and may in that caseforward to the Local Committee for the purpose any documents intheir possession relating to the application. (2) The Local ProfessionalCommittee shall make such inquiries into the circumstances of thecase as they think fit and may invite the practitioner to appear beforethem and to call such witnesses as he may desire, and shall as soon asmay be report any facts ascertained by them and their opinion on thecase confidentially in writing to the Central Professional Committee.5.-(1) In the case of an application for a certificate of exemption

other than on the ground of conscientious objection which is made by orin respect of a practitioner who is a member of the staff (including theresidential and teaching staff) of any hospital or medical school situatedwithin the Administrative County of London, or ty r in respect of anyother practitioner in England or Wales where the Army Council or theCentral Professional Committee deem it advisable, the Central Pro-fessional Committee shall forthwith refer the applicat ion for considera-tion to a Committee of Reference appointed by the Royal College ofPhysicians of London and the Royal College of Surgeons of England andapproved for this purpose by the Army Council, and in such case therecommendation shall be made by the Committee of Reference andshall be transmitted by them to the Central Professional Committee andby that Committee to the Tribunal. (2) The provisions of Article 3 (2)of these Regulations shall apply in the case of applications referred tothe Committee of Reference, but, subject as aforesaid, the procedure ofthe Committee of Reference on the consideration of an applicationshall be such as the Committee of Reference may determine. (3) TheArmy Council may, if they think fit, and subject to such conditions asthey may impose, approve for the purposes aforesaid any existingCommittee of Reference recognised by them which has undertakensimilar duties in connexion with the selection of practitioners forservice during the war in the Naval and Military Furces of the Crown.6.-(1) The Central Professional Committee shall elect a chairman

who shall preside at all meetings of the Committee held for thepurpose of dealing with matters arising under these Regulations, andif the chairman is absent from any meeting the members present shallchoose one of their own number to preside, and that member shall forthe time being have all the powers of the chairman (2) The quorumof the Committee shall be such number of members, not being lessthan five, as the Committee may decide. (3) Proceedings of any com-mittee under these Regulations shall not be open to the public.

7. Questions before the Central Professional Committee shall bedecided by a majority of the members present and voting, and in theevent of an equality of votes, the chairman shall have a second orcasting vote.8.-(1) A practitioner may appear at any hearing before the Central

Professional Committee personally, or, in any case where the Com-mittee so permit, by a representative. (2) The Committee at any

1196

hearing may, if they think fit, hear witnesses other than the witnesses,if any, called by the practitioner, and the practitioner or his repre-sentative may put to such witnesses such question as appear to theCommittee to be relevant.

9. Notices and applications required to be delivered to the CentralProfessional Committee shall be sent to the office of the Committee,and may be delivered at or sent by post to that office, and noticesrequired to be sent to a practitioner in respect of whom an applica-tion for a certificate of exemption is made may be sent by post toor delivered at his usual place of residence.

10. Subject as hereinbefore provided, the Central ProfessionalCommittee shall, so soon as they have considered an applicationand come to a decision thereon, communicate their recommendationin writing to the Clerk of the Tribunal by which the application hasbeen referred ; and a register of all applications and of the decisionsthereon shall be kept by the Central Professional Committee.

11. The Military Service Regulations (Amendment) Order, 1916,shall not apply to an application by or in respect of a practitionerfor a certificate of exemption where those Regulations are inconsistentwith the provisions of these Regulations.12. In these Regulations "practitioner" means a duly qualifiedmedical practitioner.

A BENEVOLENT FUND FOR THE SERVICES AUXILIARYTO THE ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS.

A general meeting of officers of the auxiliary branches ofthe Royal Army Medical Corps was held on June 1stin the Royal Army Medical College, Grosvenor-road, S.W.About 100 officers attended. The Director-General, SirAlfred Keogh, was in the chair, and briefly explained whythe meeting had been called, and outlined the objects of thevarious benevolent funds connected with the regular RoyalArmy Medical Corps. In the course of the discussion Dr.Samuel West, treasurer of the Royal Medical BenevolentFund, pointed out that there might be some danger of over-lapping with existing institutions. It was unanimouslydecided by the meeting that a benevolent fund should beraised for the auxiliary branches of the Royal Army MedicalCorps-i. e., Special Reserve, Temporary R. A. M. C., R. A. M. C.Territorial Force-and a Provisional Committee of eightmembers was appointed to inquire into the whole subject andto draw up some rules and regulations, and to report as tothe feasibility of the scheme to a general meeting to be heldtowards the end of June. The Director-General was

warmly thanked for the interest he took in the welfare ofthe medical services of the army, and a vote of thanks to himfor presiding brought the proceedings to a close.

THE EXCHANGE OF INVALID PRISONERS.During the last month the arrangements have been com-

pleted for the exchange of invalid prisoners between GreatBritain and Germany and for their internment in Switzer-land. A certain grade of incapacity or invalidity has beendeemed necessary for this internment in Switzerland, a

higher grade of complete incapacity entitling the prisonerto entire release and return to his own country. Althoughthe conditions are in the main the same as those arrangedbetween France and Germany and noted in THE LANCET ofApril 29th (p. 936), rather more elasticity has been allowedand the revised list is therefore repeated here.List of Diseases, Infirmities, and Results of Wounds Considered as

Rendering Prisoners of War Eligible for Internment in Switzerland.1. Tuberculosis of the respiratory organs, even in incipient stages.2. Tuberculosis of other organs (skin, glands, bones, joints, digestive

organs, urinary system, sexual organs. &c.).3. Chronic constitutional diseases, chronic affections of the blood, and

chronic intoxications (malaria, diabetes, leucooythsemia. perniciousansemia; poisoning by chlorine, carbon monoxide, lead, mercury, &c.).

4. Chronic affections of the respiratory system (stenosis, markedemphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic pleurisy, &c.).

5. Chronic affections of the circulatory system (heart disease,diseases of the heart muscle, aneurysm, severe varix, arterio- sclerosis, &c.). :

6. Chronic affections of the digestive organs with bad nutrition, inecessitating special diet of long duration.

7. Chronic affections of the urinary and sexual organs (chronicnephritis, stone, hypertrophy of prostate, &c.).

8. Chronic affections of the central and peripheral nervous system 1(hysteria, epiiepsy, Graves disease, chronic sciatica, paralysis, and 1other grave nervous conditions).

9. Chronic diseases of the organs of the senses (glaucoma, inflam- ]mation of the cornea, iris, choroid, &c.; chronic middle-ear disease). j

10. Blindness or the loss of one eye if the remaining eye does not possess normal vision without glasses. ’

11. Deafness in both ears.12. Chronic disease of the skin of wide extent (cutaneous ulcers, 1fistulae). ’

13. Chronic articular rheumatism and gout with visible or tangibledeformity. !

14. Malignant or non-malignant tumours, but with marked func- {tional troubles.

15. Severe general debility due to age or disease. ’

16. Serious forms of syphilis causing functional troubles.

17. Loss of a limb in an officer or non-commissioned officer. [Privatesunder such conditions are exchanged.]

18. Stiffness of important joints, false joints, shortened limb, atrophyof muscle, paralysis due to gunshot wounds and likely to be of longduraticn.

19. All conditions resulting from disease or wounds not included inthe above-mentioned categories, but causing unfitness for militaryservice for at least one year (mutilation of face or jaw, trephining,indolent ulcers, &c.).

20. Isolated cases not included in any of the above categories whosewounds or disease are of equal severity to those in the above categories,and which in the opinion of the Commission make necessary intern-ment in Switzerland.

The following should be excluded :-(a) All serious nervous or mental affections requiring treatment in a

special establishment.(b) Chronic alcoholism.(c) All communicable diseases within the period of their infectivity

(infectious diseases, gonorrhoea, syphilis, venereal sores, trachoma).

The working out of the scheme was done by M. Hoffmann,member of the Swiss Government, and a Sanitary Com-mission of Swiss medical men appointed to visit thecombatant countries and make the selection among the

prisoners. The commission, with Lieutenant-ColonelSturzenegger, Commandant of the 4th Sanitary Division ofthe Swiss army, at its head, is just now completingits work in this country and will shortly be returning.In Switzerland certain districts possessing special virtues forinvalids have been selected by the Swiss army surgeons, andin each district a medical officer of high standing, with thetitle of Director of Internment, has been appointed. Differentareas have, of course, been selected for the various nation-alities. The directors have prepared suitable quarters forofficers and men, and their task has been made the easier byreason of the fact that many of the best hotels are practicallyempty of visitors, and the proprietors are therefore doublyglad to be of service to the victims of war. Theprisoners, or, as they are called in Switzerland, internés,are not entirely free, although allowed a large degree ofliberty. No military guard is provided, the keeping of orderbeing left entirely in the hands of the Swiss police, and thatthis will be an irksome supervision no one will think who hasever known a Swiss Landjäger well. The privates are underthe command of their own non-commissioned officers whoknow best how to deal with them. In each village a non-commissioned officer is appointed as local chief of the internis,and in every hotel there is a sous-chef. The men live undera regime which is based on military precedent, but entirelysalutary on hygienic grounds for convalescents. Those whoare not disabled by wounds, or otherwise, rise at 6.30, break-fast at 7.15, do their rooms and share the general work ofthe house between 8 and 10, which is also the time formedical treatment. From 10 to 11.30 exercise is takenunder the surveillance of a non-commissioned officer.Dinner is served from 12 to 1, after which exercise is takenin common from 1 to 5 under the orders of the physician.From 5 to 6.30 the men are free to walk about the villages.Supper is from 7 to 8, bedtime at 9, and lights out at 9.30.The freedom is complete from 5 to 6.30 within the appointedarea and must be particularly grateful to men who havefor long been living as prisoners of war. They may go tocafes and taverns, but in supplying alcoholic drinks the

responsibility is placed on the inn-keeper who is severelydealt with in case of excess.The diet of the men is carefully arranged so as to

give a minimum of 2000 calories in carbohydrates, 450 in

proteids and 500 in fat. Friday is a meatless day,meat being in Switzerland a costly item of diet. Themen are weighed regularly every fortnight and the chartssent to the army surgeon for control so as to detectat once if the nutrition in some quarter is deficient. TheChief Commissioner at a complimentary dinner given bythe Swiss colony in London told his audience that Frenchand German prisoners had often gained from 6 to 10 lb. duringtheir first few weeks of internment in the good Swiss air,but the English medical officer who accompanied the missionlaughingly expressed the doubt whether it would be possiblefor the German prisoners about to be released from Englandto put on weight after their good feeding in this country.For treatment the men are placed in charge of competent

physicians whose task it is to relieve disease and the after-effects of wounds, and to make the men useful and self-supporting members of society again. Thoe that needspecial treatment are sent to health-resorts which deal withtheir particular condition, as Ragaz, Aigle, Bex, Schinznach,Yverdon, and Loeche. Tuberculous cases are taken in at

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Leysin, Montana, Davos, and Arosa. Orthopaedic institu-tions are provided, or are in course of preparation,and there is a large surgical hospital in Lucerne where anymajor surgery will be performed by first-rate operators.There are already some 9000 Frenchmen interned in

Switzerland, a large number of Belgians, more than 3000Germans, and it is anticipated that more than 500 Englishinvalid prisoners will be released. The British interngs willat present be stationed at Chateau d’Oex, one of the

most delightful subalpine spots in the Bernese Ober-

land, and at other villager such as G’staad in the same

upland valley. Chateau d’Oex is more than 3000 feet abovesea-level, and both as health-resort and sport centre has

enjoyed some little popularity among British travellers forten years past. There is still, even during war-time, asmall English colony, and the British chaplain, Rev. E.Dudley Lampen, is chairman of the local committee which isto assist in providing comforts and luxuries for the men.The whole system has now been tried with French

and German internés for some three months and hasworked exceedingly well. A few prisoners have triedto escape, but these were all recaptured before theyleft Switzerland. Nothing would be gained if they wereto reach their native land, because, according to agree-ment, they must then be returned to Switzerland. Mostof them are, of course, so gravely invalided that theywould be incapable of doing military work for at leasttwelve months. The threat that if a man behaves badlyhe will be returned to his prison-camp is used as a

simple and effective means of enforcing discipline, but therehas been no need as yet of putting it into execution ina single case. Captain F. Schwyzer, of Kastanienbaum,Lucerne, is the officer in charge of the department of Britishinternment; he is a Swiss medical man who has livedin America and is one of the members of the sanitarycommission now in this country. Dr. Oscar Bernhard, ofSt. Moritz, another member of the commission, whosename will be remembered as the pioneer of the open-air and sun treatment of surgical wounds, hopes to beable to introduce insolation treatment for the unhealedwounds of war. At 3000 feet the proportion of ultra-violetrays in the light is naturally much higher than that atsea-level.To avoid needless idleness and its results the internes are

encouraged to work at the trades at which they are mostcompetent, and an endeavour is made to find occupation forthose who have no trade or skill. Many take up gardening,others engage in shoemaking, tailoring, and laundry-work,or act as barbers. Newspapers and books are usuallyfurnished by some charitable society from home, andwherever there are prisoners there are small libraries

springing up. Among a certain group of internés a volun-tary worker is supplying free of charge to them anytechnical books required for their work, and this mightwell be done by some public-spirited person for those atChâteau d’Oex.What has been said about restrictions applies only to

private soldiers. Interned officers occupy entirely separatequarters and are practically free to move as they like. At

night they are to report at their quarters unless they areliving with their own family. ’

On Tuesday, May 30th, the first two trains arrived atChateau d’Oex, bringing British wounded prisoners of war ’from German camps. The total for this day was 217 menand 30 officers. A reception had been organised to welcome the soldiers and a crowd of some 5000 witnessed the touchingscene. The men are all badly wounded, many were on crutches, many had lost an arm, or a leg, or an eye. The ladies of the ’-British Colony had organised a tea for the soldiers, and speeches of welcome were delivered by the British Minister, 1Mons. Favrod-Coune, the Deputy, and the Rev. E. Dudley iLampen, the British chaplain. On Wednesday, May 31st, another contingent of 140 men arrived. We learn from Mr. Lampen that the soldiers have been i

put up at the various hotels and pensions under the care of tthe Swiss military doctors, that all are doing well in the fine mountain air, and that there are only a few hospital cases. EAt the end of June a third contingent of 100 men is expected rat Chateau d’Oex, which will bring the total received in the tvalley to some 500 men.

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ON June 6th and 7th a war fair on behalf pof the funds of the Wounded Allies Relief, Committee

was held at the Caledonian Market, Islington. The fairtook the form of a monster rummage sale, and was openedon the first day by the Lord Mayor. The City of Londongave the use of the market, and the allied countries andthe colonies were represented by special stalls. The attend-ance was good on the first day.A NEW AMBULANCE TRAIN FOR THE NAVY.-

During the coming Whitsuntide the Lords Commissioners ofthe Admiralty have given permission for the exhibition, atAddison-road Railway Station, Kensington, W., of a newnaval ambulance train which has just been handed over tothem by the London and North-Western Railway. Thetrain will form the latest example of ambulance transport.It is 600 feet long and equipped to meet the special require-ments of the Admiralty. There are 12 coaches serving aswards, where the patients are carried in cots slung as onboard ship. This enables a wounded man to be transferredfrom the ship to the train without being taken out of hiscot. A charge of ls. will be made to visitors, and theproceeds will be given to the Dreadnought Hospital forSeamen, Greenwich.

BRITISH SPORTSMEN’S AMBULANCE FUND.-ThisFund has been organised at the National Sporting Club.At a luncheon at the club on Monday last, presided over byLord Lonsdale, Mr. James White explained the great needof ambulances at many points on our line and the lines of ourAllies in France, and it was decided to attempt to providea fleet of at least 100 ambulance cars at a cost approximatelyof £400 each car. All subscriptions should be addressed tothe Honorary Treasurer of the Fund at the National

Sporting Club, Covent Garden, London, W.C. They willbe acknowledged in the press.

Medical News.UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.-The degree of Doctor of

Medicine has been conferred upon John Howell Evans.

APOTHECARIES’ HALL OF IRELAND.-The next pro-fessional examinations of the Apothecaries’ Hall of Irelandwill commence on the following dates: Primary Profes-sional, Monday, July 3rd; Intermediate, Part 1, Monday,July 10th ; Intermediate, Part 2, Monday, July 17th; FinalProfessional, Monday, July 24th.

CHADWICK LECTURES ON MEASLES. - At thesecond Chadwick lecture on Measles 1 the chairman, SirJames Crichton-Browne, said that he hoped the CompulsoryNotification Order would open the eyes of the public to theseriousness of the disease. It was indeed a deadly scourge,accounting for some 11,000 deaths annually, nine-tenths ofwhich were in the first five years of life, and in a host ofcases crippling where it did not kill. The death-rate alonegave therefore a wholly inadequate picture of its devastatingcharacter. Dr. H. J. Cates opened with the dogmatic state-ment that notification would prove to be the keystoneof the arch of any administrative system of control ofmeasles. He dealt with the objections which had beenraised to notification, and with regard to the cost heestimated the value of a saved life to the communityat JE200 to £300, a sum which would pay for some 4000 notifi-cations at the "war price." He called attention to thegratifying fact that in Birmingham already parents are nownotifying almost as many cases as doctors. The remainderof the lecture was occupied with a discussion of variousadministrative measures for dealing with the disease. Thelecturer was entirely in agreement with the late Sir RichardThorne Thorne, who 20 years ago saw the necessity of com-bining all such measures if any effective control was tobe obtained. Each suspected case must be followed up(1) promptly ; (2) by a woman who is a trained nurse of expe-rience or by an instructed health visitor; and (3), most im-portant of all, by one in possession of local knowledge. In caseof an extensive epidemic with which the permanent staff wasinsufficient to deal, temporary workers should be taken onto relieve the staff in their other work and not to visitbhe measles cases. Finally, continuous revisitation wasssential, and it was in this point that some otherwise well-.aid schemes had failed. The instructions for home nursingnight be left to the various local associations to formulate;heir own rules, but a useful model had already been drawnip by the Central Council for District Nursing in London.2

1 The first lecture was noticed in THE LANCET of June 3rd, 1916,p. 1151.

2 The rules summarised in THE LANCET of March 4th, 1916, p. 525.