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Fort Sumter - Charleston Harbor, SC **Union troops were in control of the Fort** – occupied it
after SC secession – lone federal outpost in SC
Confederate troops surrounded the fort with guns and artillery
Lincoln resupplied the Fort
**Confederates demanded federal troops evacuate – Major Robert Anderson refused**
**These shots mark the beginning of the Civil War**
“There can be no neutrals in this war, only patriots or traitors.”
-Stephen Douglas
North South
Advantages & Disadvantages
Population: 21 million2x as many railroad
tracks as SouthMuch wealthier “The Yankees’ most
bloodthirsty achievements consist of harpooning whales…”
Population: 9 million (3.5 million are slaves)
½ as many railroad tracks as North
Produce ¼ of the wealth of NY alone in all of the South
Many men had already “seen action during the Mexican War and looked forward to more”
Tallapoosa Thrashers, Chickasaw Desperadoes, and Cherokee Lincoln Killers
“Each side thought the other would collapse within ninety days…”
Given what you know, who is at the advantage?? Defend!!!
Union Confederacy
Major Leaders
Abe Lincoln – President
General George B McClellan
General Ulysses S. Grant (kicked out of the army originally)
Jefferson Davis – President
General Robert E. Lee (turned down Union)
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
**First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)**July 21, 1861
**The first major battle of the Civil War – Confed. Victory**
Fought 25 mi. outside of Washington D.C. – along Bull Run Creek near Manassas junction – vital RR
In excitement to see a “real, live, battle” **citizens in the area came to watch** the fight unfold
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)July 21, 1861
Initially, Union troops thought they had won
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – inspired C troops Standing like a stone wall
C troops reinforced – U troops NOT reinforced
Union retreat – C victory! 4,500 casualties
“The Southern army was nearly as unprepared for its victory as its foes had been for their defeat”
”The Civil War” by Geoffrey C. Ward
War in Virginia
Lincoln was shocked at how poorly trained the Union army was – enlisted 100,000 additional troops to serve 3 yrs. (Army of the Potomac)
Davis was overjoyed – “we have taught them a lesson in their invasion of the sacred soil of Virginia”
Some thought the Confederacy had already won the Civil War after the victory at Manassas
McClellan takes chargeGen. George B. McClellan (hesitant, careful, vain)
put in charge of Army of the Potomac - Union troops in DC by Lincoln
Brought discipline, order within the troops
“They received him with loud shouts, by the eager uproar…they believe in him”
Second Battle of Bull RunAugust 1862 Lincoln frustrated by McClellan’s
inaction/stupidity (in L’s opinion) Gen. Pope’s forces and
McClellan’s forces told to meet in Richmond
*Before forces could meet, Jackson attacked Pope’s Union forces*
Day 1: stalemate Day 2: many casualties Day 3: C victory; U retreat
**MAJOR victory for C**
Battle of Antietam“The bloodiest day in American History”
September 17, 1862
Activity
As a group read the Battle of Antietam
Summary on page 519
and in article. Take
notes in Graphic
Organizer!!
Discuss with your group:Where did the battle of Antietam take place?
What happened?Who was in charge of each army?What is significant about the battle of Antietam?
How many casualties did each side suffer?
Union Naval Strategy
North had most of the US Navy’s fleet
Experienced naval officers
ANACONDA PLAN!!!!
The War So Far
Reasons a Union victory was Needed:
Lincoln wanted to show that his government was strong and could support the proclamation.
Lincoln didn’t want it to appear that his government was weak
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y82uZ7oX2tE
What is the war about?Preserving the Union or Freeing the Slaves?
The Emancipation Problem
Lincoln’s first challenge was that the U.S. Constitution did not prohibit slavery.
Individual states could outlaw slavery, but not the U.S. Government.
Lincoln used background as a lawyer to help solve problem
Lincoln’s solutionHow did the South view slaves?
Property
What happens to property that is confiscated in war? The property captured (called contraband) belongs to the
army that captured it and its government.
War became as much about preserving the Union as it was about freeing the slaves!
The Emancipation ProclamationVictory at Antietam allowed Lincoln to issue it
Military order to free slaves in states controlled by the Confederacy
More symbolic than practical – did not necessarily stop slavery HUGE morale booster for the UNION – this is what you’re
fighting for!!
Reaction to ProclamationAbolitionists and African Americans rejoiced!
Slaves fled to Union camps for protections
Loss of slaves in the south crippled South’s ability to wage war.
Grant in Charge in the WestGeneral Ulysses S. Grant grew impatient with
McClellan – WANTED TO BE ON THE OFFENSIVE!
Focus of western theater was to take control of Mississippi River – why?? Cut off food supply, means of communication, and
transportation.
Siege of VicksburgFarragut and his Union troops
approached Vicksburg, Mississippi
Farragut & Grant’s troops join GOAL= starve the city into surrender!!
Troops began to cut off city and shell it
Confederates surrendered; Grant immediately sent food into the C soldiers and civilians
“the fate of the Confederacy was sealed when Vicksburg fell”
“We are utterly cut off from the world, surrounded by a
circle of fire.”
Gettysburg Address Primary Source1. According to Lincoln, why is the nation fighting the Civil
War?
2. Who makes the ground Holy at the Gettysburg Cemetery? Why?
3. “The world with little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.” What do you think he means by this quote?
4. What is the “great task” according to Lincoln?
5. Look at the last 5 lines – what is Lincoln’s hope or goal for