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The Water – Energy Nexus: A Marriage of Convenience
By:Charles Chindove
November 11, 2016
OUTLINE
The Concept
Water Systems Energy Needs
Energy Systems Water Needs
Vulnerability of Energy to Water Constraints
Concluding Remarks
The Water – Energy Nexus: A Marriage of Convenience
Water – Energy Nexus The relationship between the water used for energy production (primary energy and electricity production) and energy consumed to extract, purify, deliver, heat/cool and dispose of water
All forms of energy production consumes water directly or Indirectlyand
Energy is needed access to water and make it usable
The Water – Energy Nexus: A Marriage of Convenience
Water Systems Energy Needs
Source: International Energy Agency
Source: United States Department of Energy (DOE)
Energy Systems Water Needs
The vulnerability of energy to water constraintsIndia (2012): Delayed Monsoon - Blackouts lasting several days and affecting over
600 million people.China (2011): Drought limited hydro generation along the Yangtze river resulting in electricity rationing.Vietnam and Philippines (2010): The El Niño weather phenomenon caused a drought - reducing hydro generation and causing electricity shortages.Southeast United States (2007): During a drought, the Tennessee Valley Authority curtailed hydro generation to conserve water and reduced output from nuclear and fossil fuel-based plants.Midwest United States (2006): A heat wave forced nuclear plants to reduce their output because of the high water temperature of the Mississippi River.France (2003): An extended heat wave forced Électricité de France (EDF) to curtail nuclear power output equivalent to the loss of 4-5 reactors, costing an estimated €300 million to import electricity.China (2008): Dozens of planned coal-to-liquids (CTL) projects were abandoned, due in part to concerns they would place heavy burdens on scare water resources. Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, France, U.S: Public concern about the potential environmental impacts of unconventional gas production (including on water) has prompted additional regulation and, in some jurisdictions, temporary moratoria or bans on hydraulic fracturing (IEA 2012).
Concluding Remarks
Water Energy Nexus trade-offs
Biofuels vrs. Water Security.
Electric Cars vrs. Water Security.
Current situation on Alternative Energy Subsidies – Impact of low oil and gas prices on alternative energy development.
References:
Biggs et al., 2015. Sustainable development and the water–energy–food nexus: A perspective on livelihoods.
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Copeland, C., 2014. Energy-Water Nexus: The Water Sector’s Energy Use.Gleick, P. (1994), “Water and Energy”, Annual Review of Energy and Environment, Vol. 36, No. 3, Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, United States, pp. 267-299.
Griffiths-Sattenspiel, B. and Wilson. W., 2009. The Carbon Footprint of Water, River Network, Hereinafter, The Carbon Footprint of Water.
Ringler, C., Bhaduri, A., Lawford, R., 2013. The nexus across water, energy, land and food (WELF): potential for improved
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U.S. Department of Energy. 2006. Energy demands on water resources: report to congress on the interdependency of
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