The West China Missionary News

A p r i l — 1930

EDITORIAL.

An Explanation

O w i n g to the editor's obligation as a “ walking delegate1’, or at least a peripatetic delegate, this becomes the third issue, of the NEW S wherein absent treatment is unavoidable. Seventeen hundred miles, or a month’s journey, from the publisher may be conducive to the g e tt in g of copy but not to g e tt in g it in. A s rapidly as we have been able to collect the articles solicited, we have been shooting them through, literally as the crow f l ies ; for the first stage is by air-mail to H ankow, thus cutting off a few days of that month’s long journey to the printer. But writing editorials during the past few months has not been so simple a matter. One issue was edited during the rush work of correcting college finals, and the concurrent duties of an Annual Conference secretary- The next was put in shape between Chengtu and Hankow while also preparing manuscript for print­ing at the latter city. At Nanking another secretaryship was thrust upon the editor, and the April number is being worked in at Shanghai while the last Minutes are being prepared for publication and some dozens of commissions are being executed for friends in the in­terior. W e h a v e spent h o u rs writing M inutes. If, even with the loyal help of Mrs. Editor and friends in Chengtu, the April NEW S comes out a bit later than usual, we trust that our readers will understand and re­frain from too harsh criticism.

2 T H E WEST C H IN A M ISSION ARY NEW S

Methodism at Nanking

It has been an inspiration to spend nine days in the company of fifty-six delegates coming from all sections of Chinese Methodism, l inking together the extremes of this great land. From Sh an g h ai .a n d Kiangsi on.the Pacific Coast, back to Chengtu and Szechwan bordering upon the foothills of Tibetan mountains, and from Shanhaikuan by the Great W a l l in the north down to Yungchun in South Fukien, ten Annual Conferences appointed their delegates to meet together in the national capital of Nanking. Both clerical and lav- members were sent, and of the latter, according to the constitution, half were women. Internationally, there was a still farther reach; for Japan Methodism wa$ represented, European Methodism sent Bishop Nuelsen, and American Methodism sent Bishop Keeney . Inter- denominationally, the missions represented in Nanking were free to attend and the Cnurch of Christ in China sent the nuu-ih-beloved moderator, Dr. Cheng Ching-vi. Even the Nationalist Government was unofficially re­presented by Gen. Chang Chih-chiang, whose children, Samuel and Mary, were baptized by Bishop Birney at the same service in which the newly electeci bishops were consecrated.

* The Immediate Significance

This conference was a special session called for the soecific purpose of electing two bishops under the Central Conference of Eastern Asia in addition to the two General Superintendents elected by the General Conference in America. But this has even a deeper signifies nee than the mere creation of new offices or a conference with new powers. It is the outward sign of the inner purpose of the Methodist Church to avoid the repetition of past mistakes in ecclesiastical history. Eighteenth century Anglicanism is thought by some historians to have erred in making it impossible for the Wes le y movement to mature and succeed within .its bounds. American Methodism, in turn, found no room for Booth and the Salvation Army, not to speak of other groups who felt their liberty cramped through a too strict adherence to forms and rites and traditions. The

T H E WEST CHLNA M ISSIONARY NEWS 3

problem of this new century has arisen from the far- reaching missionary endeavor and the subsequent development of the church in lands of different racial and national aspirations and needs.

The Church and the Mission.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, though sending missionaries to all lands, has never used the term “ Mission” in contradistinction to “ church” as in some cases of ecclesiastical nomenclature. The term “ mission” does not express a distinction between missionaries and nationals on the field, but rather in the relations between the organization at home and abroad while the latter is in a state of immaturity. For instance, the W e s t China Mission was in existence from 1890 to 1908, having practical autonomy in locai affairs and with no distinc­tions between the powers and privileges of all “ elaers' ; or members of the “ mission” whether Chinese or western. From 1908 to 1915, tiiey were authorized by the General Conference to organize as the We st China Mission Con­ference, entitling the conference and its members to all privileges but that of sending delegates with voting powers to General Conference. In IQ15, the Conference was empowered to organize as the W e s t China Annual Conference with powers equal to those of any Annual Conference in the world- Ten years later, owing to its growth in membership and ordainedtworkers, an enab­ling act was past whereby two Annual Conferences were formed, the Chengtu and the Chungking Conferences. In all China at this time there are 110 Mission C on ­ferences and all superintendents of District Conferences are. C hinese-

Central Conferences

In practically the same manner the Central Mission Conference has given place to the Central Conference which ranks next to the General Conference. T h e Chengtu Annual Conference being the last one held in 1929 gave the final touch to the revision of the Constitu­tion of the Methodist Episcopal Church which makes it possible for the church outside of the United States to have essential autonomy in all things not affectingMhe

4 T H E W E ST C H IN A M ISSIO N A R Y NEW S

Constitution and the Articles of Rel igion, which con­tinue to require joint action of the world church. T h e­oretically all Methodists of whatever race or nation have long been given proportionate representation on the same basis with American delegates, but practically other nationals have been in such a minority that they have had little opportunity to adapt policy to their own racial genius or needs, much less to select their own administrators. By this most recent change in the Con­stitution, all Central Conferences whether in China or India or elsewhere .now have the right to elect bishops from amo ng their own number, whether western or Chinese, the number tube determined as the need arises by the church at large in General Conference. It also makes effective the admission of laymen to propor­tionate representation i n Annual Conferences. A C o m ­mission of Twenty-f ive with international representa­tion- is now at work receiving suggestions as to other changes which should be made which will permit fuller freedom to untrammelled development. The two bishops elected this year were chosen by 56 voting delegates of whom only thirteen were westerners. Dr. JohnGowdy. former president of the Anglo -Chinese Christian University of Foo cho w, was elected bishop on the seventh ballot. Th e vote for Chinese bishop, unfor­tunately in the sense of making Chinese priority impossible, was divided between several Chinese of high qualification^, and which gradually centered upon Dr. C. P. W a n g of the Peiping (North China) District, who was elected on the fourteenth ballot. In each case the candidates received 42 votes 011 the two-thirds majority required for election. But the presiding bishops by general consent gave Dr. W a n g the distinction of being the first bishop to be consecrated (by the Methodist Church) on Chinese soil. The term adopted was four years with possible re-election.

Evangelistic Emphasis

Every action was considered in its relation to the deepening of the spiritual life of the church. The Con­ference instructed the newly elected bishops that what our churches needed most was not more supervision or presiding at conferences but real spiritual leadership. The Committee on Temporal Economy put the respon-

TH E WEST CH IN A MISSION AB Y NEW S

sibilitv for financial progress squarely upon the shoulders of the Official Board and stressed the fact that the pastor should specialize his time on family and village evangelization. Even in the matter or self- support, the committee worded its report in this signifi­cant manner; ‘ ‘Recognizing that complete self-support is essential not only for the progress of the Church in China but also for its very life, your Committee re­commends that we stress, ( i )a deepening of. the spiritual life among the followers of Christ. In this movement we call upon our bishops to take the lead and set the church a pattern; we expect our other leaders of all classes to do their part in spreading this spiritual force throughout the church. (2) Promotion of a greater use of tithing or Christian stewardship which will greatly strengthen not only the financial but also the spiritual life of the c h u r c h / ’ The strategic utilization-«of the Anniversary of Pentecost and of the Five Year Evangelistic Movement in cooperation with other churches wherever possible w as also voted upon. The more detailed plan is given under another heading.

Immediate Self-Support

One of the most enlightening discussions was in connection with the question of immediate local support of the Chinese bishop and his allowances. I h e dis­cussion of p ecu n ia ry p ica yu n es lasted for the better part of three days during the course of the balloting. Wh a t should the Chinese Church be expected to raise for this particular purpose during these first years ? W h a t should be the proportion or basis upon which the support should be coliected ? W h a t should be the method by which complete self-support should be attained ? Never was the distance between the western and the Chinese points of view so vivid as in the discussions which followed. T o the missionary with his background of western financial system, a modest surplus from which to draw for church and benevolent giving, the vital relationship between cheerful giving even to the point of sacrifice and the realization of deep spiritual happiness, it was a constant wonder that picked Chinese Christians should hesitate and hover about the proposed standard of two cents per member per year. It was thought that under

6 TH E WEST CH IN A M ISSION ARI7 NEW S

the inspiration of this new movement and with a national as bishop, the challenge would be such as to raise the Conference to its feet in a demand that the total amount of $6000. Mex. be raised in toto by the Chinese Church beginning with the first year. But only one Chinese ministerial delegate and he our Chengtu delegate, to his honor be it said, rose to give such a proposition full- hearted approval.

T o most of the other Chinese delegates any high proportion of the amount was an impossibility or •undesirable. But let us view their quandary with a deal of sympathetic understanding. Centuries of living from hand to mouth have bred in them an inhibition to the promise of any appreciable sum in advance. Th e present serious problems of a livelihood make even the smallest amount assume an exaggerated size. The policy of complete support from abroad has encouraged habits of dependence which it is now hard to overcome. Every proposal for self-support coming from a missionary is considered as a criticism implying shame and in'vokes an immediate defensive. Systematic- giving is absolute­ly foreign to Chinese tradition. Ti theing is considered legalistic. A n d why, at this particular stage should the election of a Chinese bishop be considered a “quid pro quo” proposition? Has the Chinese Methodist Church forfeited its right to be considered an integral part of the Methodist Episcopal world church? W h e n the collections for the episcopal fund up to the present have been pooled, distributed pro rata, and the deficit often made up by the Book Committee, why should bishops and missionaries be urging that an exception be made in the case of the Chinese Church and that it should immediately assume the responsibility for raising its own funds for the whole need?

T o the westerner, recent talk from anti-Christians criticizing the Christian ministry because of their recep­tion of salaries from abroad was a special incentive to the Chinese Church to remove such a stigma from their bishop, when the comparatively small amount could be distributed over so wide an area. T o the Chinese Christian in most cases, the proposition seemed to be abandonment by the Mother Church, the first step to a final separation. The Japanese delegates tale of a similar sum raised by a church of 20,000 as compared

T H E WEST C H IN A M ISSIO N AR Y NEW S

with China ’s 70,000 from the very day of independence under approximately the similar difficulties of livelihood, n ota dollar of foreign subsidy having been accepted, brought no answering response of national or racial pride. If our Chinese brethren have a superiority complex in this regard ii is being carefully concealed.

But at last a common basis that could be understood and that seemed to be fair was arrived at. It was voted “ that we follow the Book Committee rule that 2 and -J-th per cent of pastoral support from whatever source should be apportioned pro rata to the church conferences in China as its contribution to the Chinese bishop’s salary and expenses, and that we strive our best to meet this goal . ’ ' A ll the other discussions and motions with regard to the matter were ordered deleted from the Minutes. O f course the Chinese bishop-elect could have no part in these discussions.

Religious Education in Church Schools

Action was taken leading to the immediate nation­wide petitioning of the Central Executive Committee of tne Kuo Ming I'aug and the Ministry of Education to withdraw their recent action prohibiting the teaching of Bible during school hours or within the same building in schools below the final grade of the Junior Middle Schools. W e s t China Churches will no doubt be ready to act with the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Church of Christ in China in this regard. But more about this in subsequent issues.

L . F . H .

8 T H E W EST C H IN A M ISSIO N AR Y NEW S

W H A T IS T H E L O V IN G T H IN G TO DO ?

H ere is a word from the Sages oldW ritten in silver on pages of gold ;

Here is a lesson of life for you :“ W hat is the loving thing to do ?”

Here is a law for the Friendly L i f e :Here is a test for the stress and str ife ;Here is a rule and it standeth tru e:

“ W hat is the loving thing to do ?”

Here is a sentinel guarding the Gates,H alting angers and passions and hates;Barring the way where the spies pass through :

“ W hat is the loving thing to do ?”

H ere is a slogan of happiness,Here is a motto to bind and bless The wounds of woe for the faithful few :

“ W h at is the loving thing to d o ?”

Here is a contract for father and son,Husband and wife— « ’er the deed is done ;A test for one, and a test for two :

“ W hat is the loving thing to do?”

Here is a covenant, Friends, all hail!A test of time and it cannot fa il :Never an angry word to rue :

“ W hat is the loving thing to do?”

Family and nation, and friend and foe,W hen out to the wars of the world you go,Try the test and the test is true:

“ W hat is the loving thing to d o ?”

W illiam L . Stidger.

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A C H A N G E L E S S M E S S A G E FO R A

C H A N G IN G C H IN A

B is h o p L . J. B ikney

N o wise and effective planning for the future can ignore the bearing of the special moods and types of thought which now characterize and in some instances almost dominate the mind of China's non-Christian intelligent classes in regard to Christianity. Christian history is nowhere clearer than in its disclosure of the priceless value of an intelligent understanding of the spirit and thinking of a given time as a condition of effective and lasting Christian work. The Gospel message we bring is indeed fundamentally the same .yesterday, today, acd forever, but it is sheer folly to utter a changeless message in a changeless language, or attempt a changeless task by changeless methods, in a changing world. There is no changeless language but a dead language, and no dead language can ever much stir a'living world. I t must be translated into the living speech of the hour, to leach the mind and therefore the heart of any people. There is in any given time a thought vocabulary, an idiom not of words but of ideas, that is just as real as the verbal one we find in the dictionary, and in revealing any great abiding truth, particularly religious truth, it is even more important. To preach the Gospel today in the thought forms of a hundred years or even a generation ago in either W est or East is well-nigh futile. This principle is of tremendous significance in the China of today. It is doubtful if any group of prophets in any country have ever faced a more challenging, fascinating, and yet more complex and difficult taf-k than that which the preachers and Christian teachers of China face today. I t is a new and changing China, and the thinking of a large and rapidly increasing and highly influential group is simply in another world from the thinking of even a decade since.

■^Excerpt from the episcopal address before the Central Conference of Eastern Asia)

10 THE W EST CH IN A MISSIONARY NEWS

Let us consider a few of the special emphases that now affect the attitude of thousands toward Christianity. Surely none who knows the thinking of Christian and non-Christian China today can escape the follow ing:

First— A left-over of the W orld W ar, not limited to China bv anv means, but highly emphasized here because of China’s experience during and since the war. I t is a deep and devastating impression that Christianity is discredited, and its impotence demonstrated, in that it not only failed to prevent the war that well-nigh wrecked civilization, but that it justified the participation therein of the most; distinctly Christian nations of the world, which nations not only betrayed China in the settlement of peace but seemed least sympathetic toward China’s national aspirations in her own subsequent revolution. That there is truth in this impression we of the W est must humbly confess, and we all must recognize that since this is one of the accepted impressions of China’s intelligentia, it must be seriously considered in any offering of Christianity to educated and thinking Chinese.

It can only be met with the frankest admission that there is no thoroughly Christian nation in the world, that all come short, that all are in process, that some have progressed beyond others but that all have far to go. That therefore-all legislative actions of national or international import, in any democracy, whether war or treaty making, immigration regulations, labor, or any other laws, are the products of both Christian and non- Christian groups and therefore cannot be justly charged against the Christian mind or will alone. It must be made clear that any indictment of Christianity as an institution either his­torically or of this present day, still leaves Christ H im self morally unsullied and triumphant, which in turn demands of every man or group whose honesty is thorough-going that Christ’s claim to spiritual supremacy on the basis of that sublime and simple picture of the gospels, undiluted by human weakness, sin, and failure, must be fairly considered and adjudged.

Christ never fails. Men who profess to follow Him may fa il— Churches that teach H is truth may fail— nations that have long shared H is enlightenment may fail— civilizations that fondly call themselves Christian may fail, — but Christ, the Divine Person, like the love of which He is the revelation, never faileth. W ithout exception in any race or age or condition wherever an individual, or a group, o ra people, will really give H is truth, and life, and love their unhindered chance, there He never fails to bring human life individually and

TH E WEST CHINA M ISSIONARY NEW S 11

collectively to its noblest estate, to which, -without H im it can never attain. Therefore, the accusing cry that Christianity has failed in any land, is a challenge to this land to give the unfail­ing Christ a better chance than He has had anywhere, under anv flag, in any age.

Second: — A widespread skepticism especially in the student mind of the fundamental necessity of religion and particularly the Christian religion in the building of a great and stable civilization. The most fruitful sources of this impression are fairly obvious to all who know intimately the history of the last decade, but it is spreading like a dismal fog through the mental atmosphere of younger China, dulling the visibility of the most fundamental forces in the making of great history and the building of a worthy civilization, threatening the moral integritv of the future. It will demand the best and deepest thinking of the Christian mind of this generation to reveal convincingly the meaning of the universal instinct of worship in the human heart; the fundamental need in all advancing life of the ultimate sanctions which religion, and particularly the Christian religion has rendered to human societv, however grave the results of human error in its com­prehension and application ; the intimate and essential relation between religion and the social, and moral progress of a people, which President Coolidge noblv expressed in these memorable words, " A nation’s destiny rests upon the virtues of its citizens. Legislation may restrain the vicious and furnish police protection and control, but the real reforms which we most need in life will come from our religious convictions or they will never come at all. For that reason, the government, of a countrv never rises above the religion of that country. Peace, justice, humanity— these cannot be legislated into being, they are the result of a divine grace.”

Third: a passionate and highly commendable emphasis upon Science as a major imperative in the structure of the New China, but characterized very widely by a conviction that true science is not only irreconcilable with, but is opposed by Christianity, and that therefore the latter is inimical to China’s highest interests. W ith due contrition we, who are Christ’s followers, must admit that this pitiful myopia is due not only to those outside who do not understand true Chris­tianity, but likewise to those inside who have not understood the inner genius and glory of true science. Neither real Christianity nor real science was ever or can ever be guilty of that idiotic, even though sincere judgement, nor can either miss the fact that God Him self has in the very nature of the

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universe joined them together and only by ignorance of the one or the other or both can they ever be put asunder. But they are asunder in vfery much of the thinking of the generation with which we are dealing and it furnished one of the most commanding tasks and imperative duties in the whole range of Christian preaching or teaching to help God join them together in the thought of today and tomorrow.

Fourth:--\-a equ^l and a like emphasis upon democracy as inseparable from China’s greatest future, but closely and widely associated with an impression that Christianity is not only historically but fundamentally related to imperialism. However unfortunately true this impression may. be historically, it is fatally false in reality, since the essence of democracy is a supreme regard.for the value of human life, all human life of whatever status, intellectually or socially, and no influence in human history has begun to compare with the influence of Jesus Christ in the lifting of human values, and the democratizing of man’s attitude toward men. As science and Christianity are forever one in the unending quest for truth, so real democracy and the Christian spirit are so inseparable as that one can never exist without the other^ Democracy is not any specific form of government, it is a spirit of impartial brotherhood and good-will toward those governed, and that is -the Christian spirit.

F ifth : — A prevailing emphasis withinthe Christian as well as the non-Christian mind upon the material and intellectual phases of progress and reconstruction, due to a natural and absorbing interest in- the political, social, and intellectual aspects of the revolution, but which has obscured the inner spiritual dynamic of Christianity in much of the preaching as well as the thinking of the present.— which means that real Christianity is having a seriously reduced opportunity, just when it should have a vastly increased chance, to make its deepest contribution to the needs of thi.i critical day,

This were almost inevitable in a time of such intensely Nationalistic spirit and feeling as that through which we have just passed, but it calls imperatively now for a new and relentless emphasis upon the supremacy of the spiritual, without which this or any land is lost. Education, politics, economics, industrialism, however highly they may be developed, may simply prepare a race of skillful vampires ro fatten upon the heart-blood of a people— and no merely legal system that has ever been devised can prevent it. There is but one recourse, and that,is the suffusing, the tempering, the controlling of all these by. the dominance of moral and spiritual ideals. This is

THE WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY NEW S 13

the supremely needful time to bring this to the mind and life of the country's youth. This is the day imperative for the ministry of our and every church to preach not politics, patriotism, nationalism, or any other thing however worthy and commendable— but preach Jesus Christ as the most transcendent fact in human history and the onlv dynamic that can keep politics pure, patriotism unselfish, and make nationalism the instrument of the universal brotherhood of man.

Sixth :— Closely akin to this is the widespread tendency on the part of all Christians interested in national aims and aspirations, consciously or unconsciously to think of Christ and Christianity as a means rather than a supreme end. Christ ¿.* the mightiest of all means toward the achievement uf a great, civilization, but He can only be that in the deepest and highest sense when He and not civilization is made in the hearts of men supremely central. Paul next to Jesus Christ wrought most powerfully in the building of the Kingdom of Christ into the life of Western Christendom, but. he was able to do that; only because, Christ and not CJtristend.oni was his supreme and central passion. Because with him in all things Christ the living person really had the preminence. Because he was willing actually to suffer the loss of everything that he might not onlv win Christ but that Christ might win the world. N ot Christ for China, but China for Christ is the Christian Gospel.

Other characteristics of the mind and mood of this day m i"ht be named, which deserve sympathetic study. These air sufficient as examples. To miss or ignore them in the teaching or the preaching of this hour is to emasculate our message and our ministry ; is to destroy the accuracy of our aim at the mind and heart of those who will mould the future; is to use a language that is foreign to this, the only generation through which we here present, and those we represent, will have a chance to preach and serve tomorrow,•— this generation which in these eager days of rapid change, may ijiean more to the long far future of this people than any other that has ever or may ever live. But our ta«k is still more highly complicated by the fa^t that the vast proportion of the people are still controlled by the old ideas and necessities, still live largely in the old Chinn, concerned not with politics or government, but with the crushing needs of daily existence, and handicapped by an extremely limited access to the literature or teaching that reveals the new mind of China. These, too. are Christ’s other sheep and these, too, we must bring. And between these two extremes there is every conceivable variety of ideas, in h

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feverish ferment of change. To discern accurately the salient features, the main emphases of this transition period, and meet them with the unfailing adequacies of Christian truth is our great Christian imperative.

S T U D E N T T H O U G H T A N D A C T I V I T Y

IN C H IN A T O D A Y

Since my return to China last September, I have been resuming my contacts with our students. M y work as a student secretary of the Young Men’s Christian Association requires that I should keep my ear pretty closely tot the ground in order to detect the trends of thought which influence the mind of youth in China today. You will be interested perhaps to know ■some of my more recent observations in this field.

Firstly, in the sphere o f political thought, diverse influences are at work today. Only a brief summary of these influences is possible in this letter.

A . The Kuomintang Trend. The basis of political thought in this group is of course the “ San Min Chu I ” or Dr. Sun Y a t Sen’s Three principles of the People, namely, the principle of nationalism, the principle of democracy and the principle of livelihood. The chief exponents of thought in this group are Messrs. Hu Han Ming, Tao and Chow Fu H ai.

A s the Kuomintang is the ruling party at this moment, the teaching of the Three Principles of the People is made com­pulsory in our elementary and secondary schools. In this sense, we may consider this influence to be a very wide-spread one. But in matnrer circles, this influence is more apparent than real.

B . The Communistic Trend. The communist in China has a political creed which embraces the following ten points :

1. To break the power of imperialism.2. To confiscate all industries and banks operated by foreign

capital.3. To unite China on the basis of racial self-determination.4. To overthrow the present National Government.5. To establish a Committee system of Government composed

of the representatives of industrial workers and farmers.

TH E WEST. CHINA M ISSIONARY NEW S If.

6. To improve the condition of the workers by raising his wage, enforcing the 8 hour day and protecting him against unemployment through workers'- insurance, etc.

7. To establish the system of direct ownership of land by tenants.

8. To improve the life of the soldier.9. To do away with unjust taxes and illegal levies.

10. To unite with Soviet Russia and proletariat in all coun­tries.The leaders of thought in this group are Chow En Lai and

Li W e Han, both returned students from France. Their offic­ial organs are known os “ The Red F lag" the “ Bolshevik” . “ Youth of Lenin” , and the “ Shanghai Press''. The last named paper is devoted to recording the life and condition of work in China today. A ll these papers are of course published and circulated in secret.

C. 1 he “ Nationalistic” Youth Group. This group is a split off from the former Young China Societv, now defunct. Their program is composed of 8 points .

1. Representation by vocation and not by locality.'2. Direct election of the president by the people.3. Federal union of self-governing provinces.4. Wom en as well as men shall be eligible to become govern­

ment officials and to sit in legislatures.5. To initiate negotiations for the better treatment of

Chinese residents abroad.6. A ll government employees to be selected by competitive

examination.7. To encourage migration to the outlying territories of

China.8. The establishment of municipal self-government and the

improvement of village lifeThe leaders in this group are Pai Yui Yuan. L i Hwang and

Chen Chi Tien and their headquarters is in Szechuan.Their official organ was known as “ The W ay Out”, now

suppressed by the Government.D . The Third Party or Leftist Group. The name “ Third

Partv” is adopted in contradistinction to the Kuomintang and the Communistic Party. This group stands for :

1. The overthrow of the Kuomintang Government and the establishment of a government founded upon a democracy of the “ Petit Bourgeoise” .

2. Cooperation with Soviet Russia.3. Hastening the advent of the agrarian revolution by sanc­

tioning the seizure of land by tenants.

16, THE WEST C H IN A M ISSION ARY NEWS

4. Cooperation with the Communistic Partv.This group was formerly known as the Social Democrats.

Its leaders today are Madame Sun Y a t Sen, Eugene Chen and Teng Y enT ah. The liLighthouse” a n d A ssa u lt” are the recogniz­ed organs published by this group.

E . The Reorganization Party. This partv is known bv this name because of its expressed desire to reorganize the present Kuomintang in order to eliminate its undesirable elements. Their program contains the following points :

1. The reorganization of the Kuomintang.L\ The severence of all connections with the “ Third Inter

nationale” and create in its place a union of oppressed peo­ples in the Far East to be known as the ‘ 'Fourth Inter­nationale’ ’.

3. The adoption of a vigorous and positive foreign policy.4. The unification of China’s finances.

Mr. Chen Kung Poh is the avowed leader of this partv and the party organ is known as the ilRevolutionary Critic” .

Secondly, in the fiild o f Literature, subtle forces are at work laying siege to the student mind of China. I f you were, to take an afternoon stroll on Saturdays and Sundays on Foochow Road in Shanghai, you will see eager throngs of students ransacking the bookshops for their favorite literature. Let me first put down here the general characteristics of the new literature which has such a vogue among student readers today. The literature of ten years ago emphasized democracy, the scientific spirit and individualism. This was followed by a brief period when Love and Romanticism became the fashionable topics. But in the last year or two, other trends are in the ascendancy. These can be summarised as follows :

1. The new literature is distinctly pjoletaniin in nature. The essays, stories, poet ry and art of today all depict the life and problems of the proletoriat.

'2. Instead of individualism,collectivism isbeingemphasiz- ed.

3. The faults and weaknesses of the bourgeoise aremercilessly exposed and criticised.

4. Tts tendency is towards realism.5. The whole spirit of the new literature is one of revolt

against existing conditions.N ow let me describe for you the leading groups which

are actively propagating this new literature.A . The “ Y u Sze” Group. The name ‘ ‘Yu Sze” has no

particular meaning. I t was adopted by the group at random. The most prominent writers in this group are Lu Hsin and

THE WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY NEW S 17

Chow Tsoh Ren. Their recognized organ is known by the same name “ Yu Sze” . A great deal of their writing is satirical in character. For example, the “ Crv”, a collection of short stories written by Lu Hsin is a portrayal, in a satirical vein, of contemporary life in China, showing up its crudity, back­wardness and outworn conventions. One story, especially, entitled the “ Biography of Ah Q”, is widely known in China and has since been translated into several other languages. In literature, the “ Y u Sze” group stands for rationalism and huinanitariauism, but its expression in art is often cold and impersonal. The chief point of attack by the group is the traditional thought life of China— its processes and content.

B. The “ Hsin Yueh” (New Moon) Group. The leaders in this group are mostly returned students from Great Britain and the United States, the best known among them being Hsu Ts .Mo, Liang Chi Chiu and Hu Suh. This group looks at life as a whole and its avowed purpose is to emancipate and trans­form life through right thinking. I t attacks with severity those who worship onlv beautv or gold in life and those who are inclined to be pessimistic or dogmatic. Robust ness of thought and dignity of life are the two watchwords of thisv- * C

group.C. The “ Hsiao Sho” (Fiction W riters) Group. This group

expresses itself almost entirely through the “ Short Storv Magazine'’ ; hence its name. Its chief characteristics is its profound dissatisfaction with existing conditions, especially politically. Through the medium of short stories and translated works (mostly from contemporary Russian literstuie), it seeks to express in a realistic way some of this dissatisfaction.

D . The “ Chwang Tsao” Group. The term “ Chwang Tsao” means creative. The purpose of this group is to create through propaganda the conception of class warfare ; to overturn the existing social order and set up in its place a proletarian society. Its philosophy is materialistic and its point of view proletarian. Through its publications, you will see portrayed the actual life, attitudes, emotions and spirit of the proletaiiat of China. The official orsrars are the ‘ •Sun-’, the “ Literary C ritic”, the “ Chwang Tsao W eekly” . A fc this group is so akin to the Com ­munist, its publications are under government ban.

Through the above account, T hope you will have gained some idea of the diverse influences which are bombarding the mind of the Chinese student today. AA hen making this study,I was struck bv the fact that in this front line of up-to-tbe- minute literature, jubHcations by Christian groups were con­spicuous by their absence. Even a cursory visit to these new

18 T H E W EST C H IN A M ISSIO N AR Y NEW S

bookshops in Shanghai will convince you of the truth of this statement. This is not due to the lack of good literature put out by the Christian groups. But we are living inatin je when anything labelled Christian simply does not get before the non-Christian reading public. Does this not indicate that a change of tactics is urgently needed in the production and marketing of our Christian literature ?

Printed by special permission of D r. T .Z . K oo

A T R IP TO N O R T H W E S T K W E I C H O W

On the morning of September 18th Mrs. Henderson and I left Chungking, taking the big road toLuchow. Our objective was the tribes’ districts of North W est Kweichow and, if con­ditions warranted, to later visit Kweiyang, the capital, and probably Anshun, three days farther South, returning by Tsunyi and bongkan.

W e were glad to see the last of the Chungking-Luchow road as on the evening of the fourth day we stumbled into Luchow at 9 p.m., having covered some 120 li that day. The attitude of the people along that road and in Luchow itself did not seem to us any different from that of Chungking and its immediate vicinity, and so after spending Sunday, the 22nd, at Luchow, it was with a feeling of relief that we struck out towards the South W est and the more conservative, less anti-foreign country along the Yungning river. Four days from Luchow7 took us to the citv of Yungning, one of the great salt distributing centres of W est China. During those four days we found some good opportunities for doing work amongst the people. A t the town of Lachi our colporteur and I spent an evening on the street when the colporteur preached to various groups and where we sold some fifty-nine Scripture portions. A t Malin we arrived at the close of one of their market days when the streets were thronged with the usual loitering crowd. W e secured a very large and attentive audience outside a tea-shop and when, after a time of preaching, Scriptures were offered for sale our limited

TH E WEST CHINA MISSIONARY N E W S 19

supply was hardly equal to the demand. In about half-an hour we hold some two hundred and sixteen books and later, after we had retired to the inn for the night, there were some who came asking for portions. Scarcely a village or market was passed through without some witness being left either bv the spoken word or the tracts and Scriptures given and sold. Indeed this was true of almost the entire trip.

Spending only one night at Yungning, we started for the mountainous tribes’ district of Fuh-in-uan, escorted bv Mr. Bird who has recently been set apart by the G .I.M . for work amongst the Miao people. Fortunate it was for us that we had M r. Bird as an escort. Had he not been with us we could have lost ourselves a dozen times amidst the narrow winding moun­tain paths. A day and a half over those— to us— unusual roads took us to Fun-in-uan, and there we saw an aspect of missionary work which was quite new to us. Whereas in most places the centre of missionary work is situated in some town or village, at Fun-in-uan the mission house stands in solitary dignity on a hillside overlooking many of the poor little Miao farms which are dotted over the valleys and hillsides of the surrounding country. As far as we could see there is nothing even resemb­ling a village in the immediate neighbourhood. W e visited a market some twenty li distant, and even that could only be called a very small village and not to be compared with the markets we have seen on the roads to Chengtu and Paoning.

W e thoroughly enjoyed our week’s stay amongst the Miao people. The warmth and fervour of the Christians was an inspiration to us. M r. and Mrs. Bird hold services for them every night of the week and even on the darkest nights during theii harvest season when many of them have to work almost day and night in order to secure their maize crop quite a few of the Christians would be in attendance. Their cheery smiles, hearty singing, and whole-hearted participation in the service w’ould never lead one to think that they are a poor, oppressed people, kept down under the hand of their Chinese landlords, often unable to tender any ready cash in payment of goods, living mostly on maize all the year, and perhaps only tasting meat as a real luxury two or three times each year. Their Sunday noon service may last three hours or more, and even then they never seem to have enough of it, some of them coming a distance of twenty li or more in order to be present. W e were surprised at the friendliness and kindness of these tribes people to us personally, seeing they had only known us for a few days. Some of them brought us gifts out of their poverty, and the morning we left a small company of them gathered

20 TH E WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY NEWS

and insisted on escorting us part way down the mountain side. The last we heard as we descended into one of the wildest and most beautiful valleys we have seen in China was the notes of a farewell hymn floating down to us from the little group of Christians who stood on the hillside watching us disappear from view.

Four and a half days'’ travelling through verv mountainous country took us across the Szechwan-Kweichow border and to the city of Pichieh in Kweichow. On that part of the road we had a narrow escape from contact with brigands and were indeed glad to reach Pichieh in safety. A t that place we spent a weekend, starting off’ apain on the Monday morning for the isolated district of Kiehkow, where M r. and M rs. W . G. W indsor of the C^LM . carry on work amongst the people of the Nosu tribe. Two $#ys we travelled on what is called the “ big road” but which is in places not more than a verv muddv path. For the last two and a half days we were on the small road, and it was very small indeed ! Sometimes it led us through ploughed fields, the mud being ankle deep, sometimes compelling us to scramble over rocky ledges, and sometimes traversing the bed of a stream for many miles. Owing to the difficult nature of the road, with overhanging treesand project­ing rocks, we had been advised to dispense with Mrs. H en­derson’s chair, so she rode a “ hwa-ker” while I proceeded on foot. As travellers are few in that region, conveniences for travellers are also few. ' W e just plodded along each dav until darkness fell and then trusted to the kindness of some local farmer to give us shelter for the night. On our third night on that road we secured hospitalitv at the home of a Nosu farmer and that was our first contact with the people of that tribe. W e found them very determined not to receive payment for our lodging and the board of our carriers. Next day our men halted for breakfast at another Nosu farm and although the people gave them a good square meal thev refused to accept pavment— and the carriers did not press them verv hard to do so ! Later we discovered the reason for this, when it was explained to us that the Nosu are a proud and independent people, who would sacrifice their rightful dues in order to maintain their pride. In their language there is no word for humility.

Unlike the Miao people, the Nosu are not the oppressed but, to a great extent, the oppressors— at least thev are the landowners of the district, w hile the few Chinese of that part are very poor. Speaking generally, these people are a law unto themselves. Am ongst the landowners there are constant feuds,

TH E WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY NEW S 21

resulting in night raids, kidnapping and much bloodshed in general. Several of the farmers have built themselves stone forts for the protection of their grain and their families. One may say that every other Nosu home is the home of robbers and murderers, many of them no doubt not so by choice butbv compulsion, for the leading man of the district demands that so many families be responsible for so many guns and be ready to turn out when called upon for a raid.

Among these people M r. and Mrs. Windsor bear a witness for Christ. Naturally proud, stern and aloof, the Nosu Chris­tians do not noticeably betray that warmth and fervour so characteristic of the Miao, but nevertheless when they do “ believe to the saving of the soul” they make a firm stand in their new life. Just recentlv Mr. Windsor reported some fift-v baptisms in his district. Two Nosu Christians give their full time to selling the publications of the N .B .S .S . and I considered it one of the important objects of the trip to get to know something of these men, of their work and of the conditions under which they serve.

Prom Kiehkow we went on to Kopu, which is the centre of work among the people of the Flowery Miao and where the N .B .S .S . has one colporteur employed full time. M r. and Mrs. Yorkston carry on work there in a district which has one of the largest Church memberships in China— close on 4,000" names being on the register. Ivopu is only some four travel­ling davs’ distance from Chaotung in Yunnan.

As at Fuh-in-uan in Szechwan so amongst the Nosu and Miao of North W est Kweichow, mission work callsfor perhaps more physical endurance and hardship than in most other parts of Szechwan where it has been our privilege to travel. The absence of roads, with the constant fording of streams, makes it necessary for the missionary and his wife to do much, if not all, their travelling on horse or mule back. ‘ ‘Stores" as we of river ports think of them are not much in evidence. Every­thing must be procured localJv in these districts remote from towns. When carriers are required for any lengthy journey to civilization it is necessarv to call them from the nearest city, four days distant. W ork must be done in the more civilised and more easily accessible parts of the land, and we all have our particular places to fill, but we feel that we are- called upon to take off our hats to these missionaries who give themselves year after year to work in those remote and difficult places. They have advantages and privileges, though, which some of us covet. Anti-foreignism is unknown. On the contrary, these tribes people are very friendly and the mis­

22 T H E W EST C H IN A M ISSIO N AR Y NEW S

sionary has a good deal of prestige amongst them. In Chung­king and along the road to Luchow we were “ Foreign Dogs” ; .as we proceeded farther from the Yangtse I became a “ Pastor”, and before returning to this'province we were called “ Foreign Officials”, which I am told is ihe common title for foreigners in Yunnan !

But I must not prolong this article. W e returned from Kopu to Pichieh and Tating. W e could not carry out our plans for visiting Kiensi and Kweivang owing to wide-spread brigandage in that part of the province and it seemed wise to take the advice of Mrs. Henderson’s father, who had then just returned to Kweiyang after some ten days in the hands of brigand-soldiers, and who wrote strongly urging us against taking further risks while the country was so disturbed.

As far as we went the object of our journey had been ^accomplished namely, making personal contacts with, and getting first-hand knowledge of, the work done by the men who are selling the Scottish Bible Society publications amongst the tribes people, getting to know something of the districts and the conditions under which work has to be done, so that we inav have something definite to work on in all our considera­tions of future plans for the development of that work. W e have commenced new colportage work in the Pichieh district of Kweichow and plans are being made for opening up similar work in the country surrounding Tating as well as in South W est Szechwan. One missionary writing last year said, “ W e are going to open up work in a new district and colportage wrork is the first step.” As a Society we are trying to have a share in the present forward movement in Kweichow and to have an innings with the W ritten W ord in the so far unreached parts.

Several things struck us forcibly as we crossed the border and went on into Kweichow. The poverty of the people with the consequent almost nude condition of many children was everywhere so evident, and opium was much in evidence. To secure a suitable halting place where the noon meal could be obtained or prepared was always a difficulty, but our carriers never seemed to find anv difficulty in getting a smoke of opium. Even in the most outlandish places there would be a mat shed erection where a smoke could be procured. W e could never understand why missionaries travelling into Kweichow spoke of having breakfast first thing in the morning before starting out from the inn. W e quickly discovered that if we did not have breakfast at the place where we had spent the preceding night we might have to go on until almost midday before finding

another suitable place. For noon meals our men carried their own rice, etc., and often secured the use of a fire at some wayside farm house. This we also found to be the case even on some of the bigger and more widely used roads. To ‘ "kao ho” was an expression we became very familiar with during our short stay in Kweichow. Every home boasted a fire-place, indeed many homes had in every room a stove erection on the centre of the floor where a fire burned day and night, and as the colder weather came upon us it seemed as if the chief occupation of the people during the winter months was to “ kao ho” !

These are merely a few observations in passing, ard, although new in our experience, may not be so to many of the readers of the “ News” who have travelled more widely and who have knowledge of varying conditions and customs in different parts.

THE WEST C H IN A M ISSIONARY NEW S 23

W H A T A R E Y O U R P L A N S FO R T H E A N N IV E R S A R Y

OF P E N T E C O S T ?

As a suggestion to those of our W est China churches which are wondering what to do in connection with the Anniversary of Pentecost, we take pleasure in printing the following program outlines bv a special committee at the Central Conference of Eastern Asia of the Methodist Episcopal Church just closed :

W e recommend that between May 29th and June 10th, each church hold a series of Pentecostal services for at least four davS; to commemorate the 1900th anniversary of the gift of the H oly Spirit and to pray for special pentecostal blessings.

(1) That we request the local church papers, Chinese and English, to carry special articles bearing on Pentecost during the month of May.

(2) That we ask the Committee on W orship and Music of the Central China Conference to provide three or four suitable and si'nple hymns and to print the same in these periodicals before May 15th.

(3) That each Church hold special Bible classes, using the Book of Acts, especially stressing chapters one and two.

24 TH E W EST C H IN A M ISSIO N A R Y NEWS

(Printed outlines are being prepared for this by the Methodist members of Nanking Theological Seminary).

(4) That during the series of meetings, each church spend a period each day in special prayer for pentecostal blessings. A t this time those who feel so inclined would do well to fast as well as prav.

(5) That individual church members be encouraged to hold early morning private fam ily prayers during these days.

(6) That wherever practical, each church celebrate the H olv Communion on Pentecostal Sunday, June 8th.

(7) That each church organize and carry on a “ W in One" campaign directed (a) towards reviving cold hearted church members, and (b) towards winning non-Christians to a faith in Jesus Christ.

(8) That each country church emphasize “ village or neighborhood evangelism” .

I f this or a sim ilar program could be broadcast to all our Christian congregations in W est China, either by the Szechwan Christian Council or bv the several denominations acting together, and then seriously and reverently undertaken by someone in each community made officially responsible, who among us can over-estimate the spiritual awakening which God would grant us as a result ?

P E R M IT M E TO IN T R O D U C E B IS H O P W A N G

C H IH -P IN G

W est China Methodism is at one stroke securing the desire of its heart for a decade and an honor which wjll have a place in the history of Methodism in all China. As Dr. Cheng C hin g-Y i, Moderator of the Church of Christ in China and General Secretary of the National Christian Council, said in anaddress before the recent session of the Central Conference of Eastern Asia held in Nanking, “ You have inaugurated a new day for Methodism in three particulars : ( 1 ) for the first time in the history of the Methodist Episcopal Church the seat of election of bishops has been moved to a field other than America;(2) for the first time a missionary has been elected from among

TH E WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY N E W S 25

its own number from a Central Conference, and (3) most noteworthy of all, for the first time a Chinese national has been elected to rhe highest office within the gift of the Methodist Episcopal Church.”

And this first Chinese bishop, Dr. W ang Chih-ping, has been appointed to reside in Chen<_tu. This in itself is a matter for Methodist self-congratulation. T ie editor, as Ei.i’hs-h secretary of the Central Conference, had theprivilege of present­ing the bishop-elect fo rcon secrstic iw h ile A; i. Dsang Lin-gao of our own University in Chengru was among the six elders chosen to act with the presioing bishops in the rite of conse­cration to this office. \\ e have known Bishop ang for some years and have lived within the same compound for one vear while at Peiping. W e feel that we are introducing an old friend to the W est China community and are conscious of a personal responsibility in making you acquainted with his up-standing character and splendid qua]ifications. But krow iig our con­stituency, we confidently bespeak for him a id Mrs. W ang a real \\ est China welcome.

Bishop C. P. Wang is fifty-three years of age, experienced and seasoned in Christian work and administration, evangelistic in attitude and interests. His father was an official of the Manchu government in Peking. Bishop Wang was the first of his family to become a Christian and was the means of w inning his mother and brother to become Christians. The whole famiiy experienced the test of faithfulness to Christ at the time of the Boxer up-rising.

H is academic standing is of the best and his training has been tho>-ough. He entered the preparatory department of Peking University and graduated t herefrom in 1900. H e was appointed to preach in the Shan Ilai Kuan circuit and was theie for several years, holding true in spit e of the Boxer opposition. H e later became principal of the Boys'" School in this same place.

In 1908, he was elected as the head of the Chinese Depart­ment of the Peking University and served in that capacity until 1914 . During this year he went to A merica for study, entering Syracuse University, and graduating from their advanced department in 1919 with degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Yenching University, which had been recently organized, called him to become a professor in that institution, but he was engaged by the Y\M • O. A . first as As^ocia te Greneral Sccictdit and then as General Secretary in the city of Tientsin.

He was elected by the North China Conference as reserve delegate to the General Conference of 1916 and was seated

26 TH E W EST GH INA M ISSION ARY NEWS

during a part of that gathering. In 1926 he returned to Peking as the pastor of Asbury Methodist Church, and in 1028 was again elected delegate to the General Conference. Upon his return he wai appointed district superintendent of the Peking D istrict. This latest honor and responsibility testifies to the esteem in which he has been held by those who know him, and the fact that he received forty-tw o votes out of a possible fiftv- four among Several other candidates of especially high standing bears witness that others than those of his own district in China have great confidence in him.

The requirement of the Scripture that the one desiring the office of a bishop should rule well his own family is fulfilled in Bishop W an g’s case, though “ desire” is a term to i.e used with discrimination foranv of tho.se inte nding this conference can bear testimony that Bishop W angearly in the session protested against any hurried procedure in this election, and on his motion a committee was appointed before balloting began to lean all members into a deep appreciation of their spiritual responsibility to seek God’s choice rather than man’s. And as it became evident that his name was among those most favorably con­sidered by the delegates, he early withdrew to his own room and daring three days of balloting he did not appear again among his fellows.

But as to his family : His wife, daughter of a North China pastor, Howe De-ngan, is a graduate of the Game well Girls School. Her parents were victims of the Boxer uprising. She speaks but little English, but western friends love her none the less for that. She is a worthy helpmeet of her husband, and an earnest Christian.

The eldest son, Philip, is a graduate of Nankai College, and has just returned from three years at Syracuse University where he received the degree of Master of A rts in 1929. B e is at present with the Shanghai Y . M .C .A . and is engaged in the Mass Education Movement;

The next son, Nathaniel, is als« a graduate of Nankai College, and will graduate from the Navy Medical College in 1930. H e has recently won a fellowship for study in Frarc-e.

Their daughter, Phoebe, spent several years in the U n i­versity of Michigan where she received the degree of Mastt rof A rts in 1929, and is now instructor in the Anglo-Chinese Girls’ Schoöl (Keene School) of Tientsin.

Their daughter Lois was married in 1929 to D r. Li, a graduate of P .U .M .C ., and is at present residing in Peking where her husband is engaged in Public Health service.

TH E WEST CHINA MISSIONARY NEWS

This, perhaps, is sufficient to introduce the new bishop to our section of the country. For the present his episcopal area is quite large. including the Chengtu and Chungking Conferences* Shantung, and North China Conferences. By vote of the China bishops, Bishop Wang will first give his attention to becoming acquainted wirh the other sections of his area and in making preparations for moving to Chengtu. After presiding over the North China Conference in September, at their special request, he 4,1 i his wife will move ro Chengtu and be prepared to give their effort to building up our field in the west. A fter the General Conference of 1932, it is hoped that this area will be made somewhat smaller when the Conference shall have elected a General Superintendent to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and re.signation of Bishop G. R . Grose.

A T E N T C A M P A IG N IN W E S T S Z E C H U A N .

Some years ago the late Rev. J. Hutson brought up to the W est a large tent of dimensions suitable for Evangelistic cu n viigns. How our friend would have been gladdened and encouraged bv a share in t ie first campaign with the tent ! Alas, he is gone and we were denied his presence with us, but those, who were privileged to take part in the venture, did not forget that his share, though contributed long ago, was not a small one.

A t the C .I .M . conference of last year one important ques­tion which came up for discussion was “ EvangelisticCampaigns” . In discussing wavs and means it 'was decided to utilise the tent and to commence operations in the Pengsban district. Eventual­ly the arrangements took definite shape in the choice of a town as the scene of the effort and the tentative fixing of the personnel of the workers. The place chosen was To Yuen Chen a town about forty five li from Mei Chow and forty li from Pengshan. I t is a rather large town of some one thousand families. I t lies well awav from the main roads and thus has D o t vet been greatly influenced bv the clamour for change and the hurry and flurry that now obtain in and around the larger c en treB . As the population of the countryside adjacent to T©

28 T H E WEST C H IN A .MISSIONARY NEWS

Yueh Chen is one that is almost entirely given to agricultural pursuits, it was thought best to date the commencement of the campaign for the middle of the first Chinese month. By this plan we hoped to escape both the excitement and busyness of the early days of ohe Chinese New Year and the strenuous labour of field prepa ration that, according to schedule generally occupy the earlv days of the second moon. Subsequent ex­periences caused us to be thankful indeed that we hea been led to choose those particular days for our first Ient endeavour. The weather could not have been better and for twelve solid days— Feb. 17th to .Mar. 1st— a goodly portion of the populace seemed bo have attendance at the tent as their main occupation in life.

The personnel of the campaign were all workers of theC .I .M . North W est Szechuan district. V\ e had hoped to ha^e a larger force for the womens’ work, but prior claims and other circumstances were such that this heavy burden was borne by Mrs. Cheng, Mrs. Edgar and Miss Cleveland, with M rs.Y incen as a later reinforcement.

The Childrens’ work was undertaken by M r. Amos and M r. Yinden ; the former also visited adjacent markets with very encouraging results. M r. Yinden was also responsible for all business matters connected with the campaign and for the selec­tion of a site and erection and care of the tent. To this worker was entrusted the song service which preceded each of the larger meetings.

The preaching for the general meetings in the tent was the responsibility of four b re th ren --M r. Cheng Wen Ping, Mr. W ang Si Long. T. Cook and, for three days, M r. Chans: R i Ting. W h ilstat some meetings we had as many as three speakers, it was the rule that there should never be more than one subject spoken upon at any one meeting. In this way though there was a decided variety in the material used, there wae also in a marked degree unity of thought simplicity of presentation arid definiteness of appeal.

Opportunities for preaching were not limited byany means to the tent meetings proper. The ladies had one meeting in the tent every afternoon, but their most strenuous times wer e tho -e spent on the street and in the inn courtyard. Every prospec­tive spare moment of the day was full to overflowing bv the time it arrived. Market days were extremely hectic expen- ences. Every class of girl and woman was represented at the meetings, the young school girl, the young student’s or official’s wife, the business woman, the nun and the country lass of various ages. The one thing common to each class was their

THE WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY N E W S 29

friendliness. This friendly spirit was fostered ; no matter to what height or depth their questions went, they were persevered with patiently.' Sometimes extreme irrevancv was the order of the going, and every imaginable superstition about the foreigner had its turn. When at last their curiosity was appeased, they were then led to those higher and deeper truths

• to which the human mind cannot attain unaided, for they were led to the fact of human sin and to the fact of God and His love declared in Jesus Christ oar Saviour. One encouraging feat­ure was that toward the end of the campaign, women came to see Mrs. Edgar and Mrs. Vinden with the sole idea of asking about God, Jesus Christ, the v\ ay and the relation of each and all of these to themselves. For the four ladies wonderful opportunities were offered and advantage was thankfully taken of them. The attendance for the twelve days at the tent meetings and in the inn courtyard was in the vicinity of three thousand women. In addition there were many unofficial gatherings i:i shops and private homes.

The childrens’ work, though perhaps not so spectacular as the other sections of the endeavour, was noi e the less an important part- of the scheme of things. Some of the lads memorised hymns and scripture and good order was generally remarked at these meetings. It is worthy of note that though the tent itself and the dark nights were a wonderful combii.a- tion for providing opportunities for horseplay, there was little or no trouble experienced and a real friendly spirit generally marked the attitude of the boys from start to finish. W hat they wanted was attention and patience and when this was meted out to them, they were attent ive and responsive. It is now for us all to pray that many of these lads shall find the Saviour, of whom most of them heard for the very first time in their lives. It was felt that the time was well spent in ministering to this section of Young China.

The attendance at the general meetings was well sustained to the very end of the campaign. Men from ever section of the' community gathered regularly morning and night. Our first thought was that our mornings would perforce have to be occupied visiting on the street or attending neighbouring markets. The fact of a full tent awaiting us on the first morn­ing caused us to abandon this idea and a rrange for meetings in the tent. On ordinary days the morning and evening audiences were from one to two hundred people ; 011 market days five or six hundred men were packed in. Our morning meeting was generally given up to a Bible story, and it was delightful to not>e how fresh the interest kept for each successive day’s

30 TH E WEST CHINA MISSIONARY NEWS

couple of hours with the Bible. The night meeting was run along somewhat different lines. In an attempt to give as full and Comprehensive a view of Christianity as possible, the choice fell upon such topics as : The Fact of One God as Creator and Sovereign Lord. The Fact of Christ, The Fact of Sin. The Fact of the Evil One, The Fact of the Cross, the Conform ity to, and the Fulfillment of the teaching of Chinese ages by Cn: ist, etc. A t these meetings there were two speakers onl\, one Chinese and one foreign. H alf an hour was allot ted io each speaker and this was generally adhered to. The preparation bv the Chinese bretb ten was invai ia t’lv both thorou<. h am clear. It was the custom to throw the meetings open for questions at the close, but there was a good deal of shvi ess. atd n<>t n.ar y took advantage of tneseopportunities. Another plan was tried later and foreign and Chinese workers mingled with the hearers : this was evidently the move that was reeded for very many intelligent enquirers were met with who had not sufficient courage to ask their questions publicly. Bv common consent no list of names was taken.

In all our meetings the Evil One was attacked very strenuously; indeed broadsides from H oly W rit and the rifle fire-of experience were continually directed aginst him. This being so, it would have been strange if there had not been some retaliatory measures taken against us. One trick thought out bv unfriendly ones was to send the watchman on the street to announce the Loss of a small child, the tea shops supplied the sequel to the effect that the chiid had last been seen in our inn. The attack was»ill-timed for bv this time we had made too many f r i e n d s ai d these saw us so much that all our doings from A to Z were com non property. Another and persistent rumour was that our real objective was the ,;tsai p;»,o” —precious things— that abounded in the district, this made a fine heading for the subject at one of the session.

Some smart body got the whole tent on the run one night. The speaker was just warming to his subject when a stentorian voice just outside the door gave the alarm for fire. Two minutes were all that were necessary to empty the tent and anothei two minutes had them all turning back, having found that it was a hoax.

In spite of, and perhaps partly because of all the tricks and rumours the interest held. The Old, Old, Story was told out and it was evident from the conversations in tea shop and inn that many men and women had understood the story and were spend­ing time thinking about it.

TH E WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY NEW S 31

A fter a strenuous twelve days, all the workers felt that it would be well, while the interest was still verv much alive, to bring the regular meetings to a close and give the people a chance to digest; all they had heard. W e also decided to leave two of our Chinese brethren behind that they might work amongst those who were desirous of identifying themselves with the Gospel preachers.

The total number attending these meetings was about five thousand men from every walk in life and from all over the whole neighbourhood.

The Gospel of Redeeming Love has been told out and it has been heard and many have understood the Story. W e know however that no matter how well the Story was told or how earnestly, the great and essential need is for the H oly Spirit who alone can illumine, interpret and regenerate.

Much prayer has been offered for this campaign both at home and in China. This particular campaign is over so far as the actual meetings are concerned but great things are still possible for this very needy district through prevailing prayer. N ot long ago M r. Hosre reminded the writer of the need of following with p raver the work core as was'the habit of Mr. George Muller who said “ that for months after a journey he used to continue in prayer for the blessing of God upon the seed sown, and it was to this practise that he largely ascribed the fruitfulness granted to his ministry”.

T h o m a s C o o k .

The blessed work of helping the world forward happily does not wait, to be done by perfect men.

E l i o t .

32 T H E W E ST C H IN A MISSIONARI^ NEW S

S O W IN G A N D ’ R E A P IN G

Following the City-wide-tract-distribu^ing-CaEripiign a month’s special evangelistic meeting were held at the Baptist Street Chapel on the Big East Street, near the East Gare of the C ity. I

Messrs Torrance and Openshaw did the preaching and were assisted by a faithful corps of Chinese evangelists and colporteurs. ;

The nightly program brought us first to God for power and then with tracts and megaphone out on the busy thorough­fare to gather in the lost sheep. Sometimes we blocked traffic a little and occasionally an impudent Red would sneer and lear up the tract before us, but generally all went well, the effort on the street resulting nightly in an overcrowded chapel. The chapel seats 160 and we estimate that 200 heard the Gospel, pure and simple, "nightly. Decision was always urged. The meetings actually ran 31 nights, which would mean that over 6000 people frére reached. I f this were done in the 5 or 6 areas of the citv monthly something would begin to happen.

The chapel had been repaired, large Gospel posters mounted and hung around the walls, and lest the people get the notion that the Lottery Shops have a monopoly on light, (they are really abodes o f darkness) we had electric lights installed, giving the place a much more attractive appearance.

The meetings were for men only and a mo dev crowd gathered, coming from all walks of life. Many can e nightly and our net caught all kinds : a young man from distant Shang- tung ; a fortune teller who promises to give up his kit and his unlawful business; a one armed soldier, earnest and desirous of baptism ; and some dear little children whom we just could not keep out.

During the 31 nights we actually dustributed 27 .700 tracts and booklets ; enrolled 506 as interested aud gave out to these> about 500 Pocket Testaments. The follow-up work is difficult, but we feel sure that this effort was well worth while and that some have actually been saved. Several have been attending our Church regularly. The Gospel is still the power of God unto Salvation.

H . J. O p e n s h a w

Chengtu, Sze. March 4 1930

TH E WEST C H IN A MISSION ATI Y NEW S 33

U N IT E D C H U R C H OF C A N A D A . W .M .S .

C O N F E il E N C E A N D C O U N C IL .

The second annual meeting of the Workers Conference of the W .M .S . convened in Chengtu on February 14th.

W hat could have been a finer start for this Conference gathering, and how better could the spirit of love and friendship have been stressed than to spend the first day in retreat, giving ourselves to prayer and to the discussion of the eight com ­mittments which one must be prepared to accejt in order to become a member of the Church Conference Hacks peaker dealt, with her subject in a very able manner, pointing out what it means to be called of God, and emphasizing the pracical side of religion, the difficulties we must be prepared to meet each dav and our responsibility as Christian leauer.s.

A call to all to give ourselves more than e\er to com­munion with God to the reading of His word, and to prayer, and to a more heroic practice of the Gospel in every day life was the theme of the closing address. W e cannot call upon others to do what we are not willing tr> do ourselves, and the call to consecration con.es first 10 tho.'-e v ho are leact rs.

A t the close of the evening service an opportunity for personal experience was given when several responded.

In this atmosphere how easy it was to transact busires and solve problems. No oi' e sought to dominate, but all vi>h<d to make the decision which shculd le for the gieatest good.

The reports of v o ik v<ie n ( si i 1 cc u j ; gii g . aid in the plans for the coming vear the necessity of more intei sive Evangelistic eudeavor was stressed. Several of our Cliii ese educational workers expressed themselves as willing to enter this work.

N o sooner had Conference closed than we found ourselves gathered together in our first session of Council. Because of the work already done during Conference the duties of Council ■were considerably lessened.

W e were fortunate in having with us this this year at our Conference and Council sessions our esteemed Board President, Mrs. M acGillivray. and also Miss Harvey, representative from

34 T H E W EST C H IN A M I3 S I0 N A B Y NEW S

the Home Church. Their sympathetic interest in our problems won them a place in ti e hearts of all. Mrs. MacGillivray brought Greetings from the Dominion Board and we were madf* to feel, in a very real wav, what a reservoir of strength we have behind us in our Hom e Church and Board,

The workers were stationed as follows :C h e n g t u .

Medical work— Dr. Kilborn, Misses Wellwood and Kilborn Norm al School-— Miss Darbv.Middle School— Misses Steele and Russell.W om an’s College— M ins Thextou.Day Schools— M iss Darbv.W om an’s School— Miss Fee.Evangelistic- - Miss Brimstin.Language Student— Miss Crawlev.

K.IATINGSchool — Misses Swann and Gormlev.W o a im ’s School and Evangelistic— Miss M acRae

JUNGHPlENSchool-— Miss Coon.W om an:s School and Evangelistic— Miss Harris.

T z e l i u t s i n g .School — Miss Hamblev.Wom an's School— M iss Virgo.District Schools and Evangelistic— Miss Rouse.City Day Schools— Miss Ketcheson on return to Field.

L u c h o w .School— Miss W ard.W om an’s School and Evangelistic— Miss Brooks.

C h u n g k i n g .School — M iss Peters.Evangelistic and L iterary— Miss Jack.

F o w c h o w .School— Miss Graham.Wom an's School and Evangelistic— Miss Lamb.

R e t u r n i n g t h i s F a l l ,Misses Foster and Thompson, Chengtu until Council,

T H E WEST CHINA. MISSIONARY NEWS 35

BLO OD G R O U P IN G .

The practice of the transfusion of blood from ore individual to another was known to the Ancients. Over tln<e l.ui d u d years ago, one Libuvius distinctly deKwiU c neil.c <V io j per­forming it. Then Sir Christo] her "Witn n ace use of the method, injecting medicated liquids into the veins of animals.

True transfusion was first, performed bv a Frenchman, Emmerex in 166/’ and in the same year it was used in England by Lower and K ing.

Blood transfusion as we understand it to day has passed through miny stages and experiments. As it became more used, the technique was elaborate, but to-day the methods used are simple and uncomplicated.

Perhaps the great war was one of the most important fac­tors in promoting the transfusion practice. Many lives were saved and not. a few lost by the methods used. Often what was apparently a^siinple case, was lost, the receiver of what was known to be pure blood dying almost while receiving the in ­jection. Others made rapid recovery. Studies were instituted, to find the reason for these loses.

It was found that all person’s blood were not alike. That the blood of some individuals would mix all right with the blood of others, while in some cases, there was no agglutina­tion, or mixing. Even in 1900 Landsteiner found that when serum of certain individuals was mixed with cells of other individuals, agglutination occured. Then one, Jansky made four groups of all bloods, Moss also made a classification but his was the reverse of Jansky's, However the Moss grouping is the method of choice in America to-day.

There is no difference in the two methods except that they are reverses, However as the Janskv classification is the more common here we will suggest that its use be adopted in W est China.

Blood transfusion is indicated in, traumatic haenrunorr- hage,s anaemias resulting from loss of blood, carcinoma, luce rations of the alimentary tract, pernicious anaemia, and other diseases.

36 TH E WEST CH IN A MISSIONARY NEWS

Now, the direct reason for the writing of this article is the result of a discussion held in the Annual meeting of the W est China Council on Health Education, when it was agreed that some steps should be taken in our W est China Missions, so that, in any case of great loss of blood, in any of nur stations, there might be some who would be able to derate blood themselves and thus, possib;y save the life of a fellow’ worker. But to make this possible, with the least number of mistakes, the grouping of the blood of every missionary should should be undertaken.

This is not an insuperable task, and can be done bv anv Mission doctor. All that is required is a microscope, and centrifuge. The methods are described in any text-boook on Serology or Bacteriology, and Parasitology, li. ai v ease we give the method, here with, and it can be verified in any of the text- books.

The writers suggest that every Missionary arriving in Chengtu should go to thé hospital where his or lier group can be ascertained. This w ill help the local mission doctor' to group the rest of the missionaries in the station. A record of this grouping should he kept by the individual grouped so that he or she would be able to tell at once to which group they belonged. The grouping ought not to take ten minutes of anyone’s time.

There has been a great deal of research work done with regard to securing donors who will be acceptable to the recipient, and in 1907 Jansky perfected a s\sttm wherebv there is a minimum of risk in the blood transfusion process.

The usual procedure is first to group the bloods of the recipient and donor according to the standard classification. I f they are of the samegroup their compatibility is further demonstrated by a direct test of the serum of one and the cells of the other. This muv be accomplished very sirtiplv Iv mixing a drop of suspended red cells in a drop of serum on a glass slide and observing the development of agglutination eitl erwjth the naked eve or bv the aid of a microscope. It has been found in practical use that this double test is of great importance since in rare cases, cells which apparently belong to ihe same major group are not compatible and it has been frnrd bv some observers that there are certain sub-groups which occasionally cause a conflict and unexpected ineompntilirv.

In 1907 Jansky classified the groups as follows,—GROUP I. the serum of which agglutinates the corpuscles of

groups. I I , I I I , I V while the cells are not aj:gluL ii;attd bv anv serum.

T H E WEST CHINA MISSIONARY NEW S

g r o u p i i . The serum o f w h ich a g g lu tin a te s th e c o rp u scles o f g rou p s I II , and IV hut n o t those o f g ro u p s I and I I , w h ile th e corp u scles are a g g lu tin a te d b y th e serum o f g rou p s I an d I I I b u t n o t b y th o se o f I I an d IV .

g r o u p i l l . th e serum o f w hich a g g lu tin a te s th e c e lls o f grou p I I and IV but n o t th o se o f g ro u p s I an d I I I w h ile th e c o rp u scles are a g g lu tin a te d b y th e serum o f g ro u p s I an d I I b u t n o t b y th o se o f g rou p s I I I an d IV .

GROUP i v . th e serum o f w h ich does n o t a g g lu tin a te anv c o rp u s­cles w hile th e c orp u scles are a g g lu tin a te d b y th e sernm o f a ll o th e r g ro u p s.

J a x s k 'T s C l a s s i f i c a t io n

I I I I I I IVCells of Groups. Serum of Groups;

I I + — + —I I I + + — —IV + + + —

I I I I I I IVSerum of Groups Cells of Groups;

I — + + *+■I I — _ 4- +I II — + — +I V — — — —

In all cases it is best to try to get a donor of the same group.

The tests mav be done in a number of different ways. The most easily carried out however is the so called slide agglutina­tion which was introduced during the war.

In order to properly type a known blood, known sera from group I I and I I I should be available. A drop of each of these sera is put on a slide and the corpuscles of the unknown blood added either in the form of a fraction of a drop of the blood taken directly from the finger or the ear of the subject, or better, a fraction of a drop of defibrinated blood, or blood taken into about twice its volume of salt solution, or sodium citrate solution. The preparation of the blood to be tested is so simple, that nothing further need be said. The corpuscles so obtained are mixed with the types of sera I I and I I I . By referring to the table it will easilv be seen that if—

38 T H E W EST C H IN A M ISSION AR Y NEWS

The blood agglutinates in neither of the sera, the subject belongs to group I

I f the cells agglutinate in type I I and not in type I I I serum, the subject belongs to type I I I

If the corpuscles agglutinate in type I I and not in typeI I I serum, the subject belongs to type I I

I f the corpuscles agglutinate in both sera, the subject belongs to type IV

The blood types as described above are among the few serological reactions which are inheritible by Mendelian laws. They are not however, present in the child at birth. According to recent studies bv Unger, only about 25 % of new born infants have cells that can be agglutinated, and only about 13 % of new born children have isoagglutinins.

It is a mistake to imagine that blood relatives will have the same blood groupings. Incom patiblility among mother and child may occur in 43 % of cases and that between father and child in as high a percentage as 44 °D.

“ H e a l t h . ”

D R . C H A R L E S W IN F IE L D S E R V IC E

On January 24th, 1872 there was born to Rev. W . Service a Methodist preacher then stationed at Tamworth, Ontario a son who was named Charles Winfield. The godly life of his parents and an early consecration of bis life led him to offer his body and soul to the uplift of China. The associations of his vouth led him to the W est China Mission of the Methodist Church and in October, 1902 he arrived in Shanghai. He served the mission in K iating for a while and then came to Chengtu where he took up the burden of the hospital work and Medical College that was then being started. H e served for one brief period at Chungking but most of his time was spent in Chengtu. He leaves behind him four children. Winnifred, M argaret, Frances and W illiam all of whom are in Canada along with Mrs. Service.

T H E W EST C H IN A M ISSION ARY NEW S 39

Service, H ow fitting a name for the body which housed the soul o f D r. Service, Service was his name and service was his nature, a loving tender and kind service not grudgingly or •of force. “ By love serve ye one another.” How well this text fits the man we honor. Few of us he has not served with love in one way or another, A great heart of love that spared not his body but early and late by day and bv night answered every ■call for help. He divided his services between the Medical College he loved and served so consistently, the patients of the two hospitals here who depended upon his skill and last but not least the Church of Christ which he strove to establish in all its purity. In no department of his activities did he render poor or unwilling service.

To us who worked with him he was a great inspiration and ■encouragement. It was never a bother to do things for Dr. Service because we loved him so and because he appreciated so well all we could do to help his work and his patients. In the operating room he won the hearts of all the staff by his kind •consideration, co-operaciou and readiness to do anything and ■everything. In the wards, the staff and patients respected him and he was constantly pleading with the hospital management for financial consideration of patients w-ho had appealed to his great heart. Indeed this was the real beginning of our appeal for the Samaritan Fund for he deposited money of his own to ■be used for operation fees for poor patients and we but enlarged the plan and the appeal. I think we might change the name of that fund to the Service Fund and honor his name by our help of good deeds o f servioe to the needy.

To the students he was a father and night after night he toiled on to prepare his lectures for them so that he might give them the best that he could and his splendid command of the language made this easier for him. He looked far into their future and sought to develop them by establishing interneships for their better training under competent chiefs.

There may be a question in our minds as to the wisdom of his return to the field battered as he was by operation and sickness but to him it wSre better to serve to the end than to retire from the service he loved. Seeing the need so great he could not remain away even at the advice of physicians and wishes of friends.

H is return to the field has been worth while a thousand times. In these few short months his consecrated service among us has made a wonderful change in the Christian outlook and spirit of all concerned with the hospital. If only for that it

40 T H E W EST C H IN A M ISSIO N AR Y NEW S

baa been worth while. He neyer forgot that our first business is Our Father’s Business and he consistently stressed the spiritual side of our endeavors. May his sacrifice on the altar of a great need bring forth other such men to follow in his footsteps.

And how patient and uncomplaining he was during those days of pain when he helped to direct our endeavois to keep him with us and his ability and experience made his advice even then worthy of respectful consideration. W e have lost a preacher, a teacherT a great physician, a friend of man and a servant of all,

T .H .W .

T R A V E L TO JIT. O M E I, 1930

K iating, Sze.T February 22nd. 1930

The E d itorfW est China Missionary News.,Chengtu, Sze.

Dear Sirr—The following prices will prevail for the up-trip to M t,

Omei for 1 9 3 0 :—K iating to the Mountain T ’ang Fang to Mountain Su Ch'i to Mountaim Djou Du to Mountain Yachow to Mountain K iating to -M ountain and return Dav of waiting in K iating ,Nisjht spent on road at request of

party en route to Mountain Return of carrier to Mountain without

load (loads being less than carriers ordered) half price.

Carrv empty chair one way .10W e i g h t s — each t ’iao, 76 catties

two men, 120 ,, three men, 165 „

$ .90 .85 .75 .70

3.00 1.80 .20

(if muddy. 75}

.20 extra per man.

per man.

T H E W E ST C H IN A M ISSION ARY N E W S 41

W ill all those desiring to avail themselves of the service of the transportation committee, please, notify F. J. Reed, Kiating. Details as to the number of t’iao, chairs, etc., etc., required for each fa m ily ; the exact date which seems most convenient; the starting point, etc. will be necessary. The application for dates will be given preference in order of their arriva l since not over a hundred good men are likely to be available.

As per former custom the committee request each family or party to remit in advance at the rate of fifty percent of the total cost of carriers.

W e take this opportunity to wish you a safe and pleasant trip, and to request your patience and co-operation.

L a t e r

W e wish to call all interested in transportation to Omei this year to our previous notice. May we advise you to get in vour order early, if you intend using the services provided by the Association. W e do not guarantee satisfaction to any and still less to those whose orders come late.

Lest some are unacquainted with the services provided, these include carriers, a number of mountain-chaii t, children’s chairs, ladies’ chairs and serving women’s chairs. Poles for ‘ tie loads’ are not provided, except on previous personal request. N o supply of rope is kept.

Please state clearly the number af loads of each kind you have and how many chairs are needed of each sort. Save yourself trouble by having light loads. The sixteen ounce cattie is .used. The rush is sure— come early.

F . J. R e e d .

K i a t i n g , M a r c h 12, 1930.

The Editor, W est ChiDa Missionary News,Chengtu.

Dear Sir

M r. Reed has already written to you giving the inform a­tion about matters concerned with tarnsportatior, but there is an announcement about the store which should be printed in the News.

This vear M r. Ririe is to have charge of the store. In ­quiries about any matters concerning supplies, etc., should be sent to him. The store will this year handle the following

42 T H E WEST C H IN A M ISSIO N AR Y NEW S

supplies: Fuel, including wood, coal, coke, and charcoal; Building materials, including brick, tile, lumber, nails, and lime ; Bran ; R op e; Baskets ; Oiled paper ; and Grass sandals. The committee does not plan to handle the following articles: Kerosene, Sugar, Flour, Rice, Vegetables, etc., etc.

Anyone planning to use large amounts of anv of the articles which the committee will have for sale should notify M r. liirie well in advance and with the letter send a check to cover a fair share of the cost.

Just a word to reinforce M r. Reed’s statement. D o N o t H a v e Y o u r L o a d s H e a v y . Y ou will only cause trouble and delay for yourselves and make M r. Reed lose some more sleep which, incidentally, is at a premium for the transportation manager during the time that people are going to the mountain. Ask me, I know from last vear. Once more— Check up on the weights o f the loads yourselves. I f any one of you has a servant who can be trusted in this matter, you have an unusual jewel.

Yours sincerely,

L . A . LOYEGREii

Secretary, Omei Bungalow Owners Assn.

D E A T H

Drake— On January 9th, 1930 , at Suiting Fu, Miss E. Drake of the China Inland Mission, late of Tachuhsien, Szechwan.

B O R N

W illm ott— On March 19th, 1930. to M i. and Mrs. L. E . W’ illm ott, Chungking, a son, Richard Curtis.

Moncriefi"— On April 9th, 1930, to M r. and Mrs. J. E . Moncrieff, Chengtu, a son, Douglas.

W’almslev— On Thursday April 17th, to M r. and Mrs. L. C. W alm slev, Chengtu; a daughter, Enid Elizabeth.

Eodicott— To Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Endicotb, on Saturday, April 19th, a daughter, Shirley Janet.

TH E WEST CHINA M ISSIONARY NEWS 43

F IE L D G L E A N IN G S

ChungkingS.O.S. W a s i t d ! A first-class cook and a competent

woman. Apply Mrs. R . M . Anderson, Chungkiug.M r. and M rs. Liversidge of the China Inland Mission who

have been stationed in Chun,irking for the past rear are now in Luchow taking over the work of Mr. and Mrs. Olsen, who have ■been transferred to Suifu.

M r. and Mrs. Howes left the latter part of February to reside temporarily in Luchow, They are designated to Chihshui but as yet it has been impossible to secure property in that city .

M r. A . S. Kerry and Miss M. Ford of Suifu were married here on February 26th and are spending their honeymoon on the hills.

Mrs. Bird and her little daughter spent a few weeks with D r. and Mrs. Parry last month.

Miss M . A, Smith and Mr. C. G. Patchett of K iating ri.ro guests at the C .I .M . Their marriage will take place this month.

M r. W . H . Batstone has returned to Chungking after spending some time in Chihshui, Henceforth he will reside here and itinerate the Chungking district out-stations.

Dr. and Mrs. Basil are rejoicing over the arrival of little Betty Allan Basil, born on February 19th.

M r. Rape and M iss Mabel A llan are attending the M .E .M . Chinese central conference at Nanking.

Miss Brittle of the Friends’ Mission has taken over the W om en’s Institute in Chungking.

M r. and Mrs. Austin of Chatham, Ontario, Canada are the guests of their daughter, Mrs. Endicott.

The delegates who have returned from the U .C .C . council held in Chengtu this year are Dr. Arnup, Mrs. MacGillivrav and Miss Harvie representatives of the Home Board, Dr. and Mrs. Anderson, Miss McNaughton, Miss Jack, M r. Irish, Mr. Austin, M r. W illm ott. Dr. Revelle and Mr. Veals.

A fter a brief visit here Dr. Arnup, Mrs. M.acGillivray and Miss Harvie proceeded down-river and will visit the fields of work in Honan, Korea and Japan before returning to Canada.

The W alker fam ily passed through Chungking enroute from Fowchow to Chengtu.

44 T H E WEST C H IN A M ISSIO N AR Y NEWS'

D r. Revelle has been stationed in Luchow for second year language study at the same time assuming the responsibilities of superintendent of the hospital there. »

M r. End icott left this week for Lanchuan on an itinerating trip. For sometime the road between Lanchuan and Mutung- was blocked by bandits until recently when thirty-six of the band with their leader were executed.

M r. and Mrs. Veals and fam ily haAre taken up residence- at Y a Er Dang. M r. Veals is itinerating Chungchow district.

L .I .H .

KiatingThe K iating Co-mmnBity suffered a great loss when Mis?

Lottie McRae was transferred to Junghiien.Miss H arris, Miss Gormlev, M r. and Mrs. Reed, M r. and

Mrs. Taylor, and Dr. and M rs. Allen, ail newly appointed to- Kiating, are contributing much toward the fine Christian fellowship and Christian effort in this center.

M r. J. Huston Edgar, just out from Tatsienlu, spoke most interestingly of his work in Tibet at the Community Prayer Meeting held Feb. 17th.

Mr. and M rs. W . G. Sewell arrived from Chengtn on the evening of March 7th, leaving the next morning on their way to the coast.

M r. and Mrs. G . M . Urech arrived March 7th and are stopping at the home of M r. and Mrs. Cook. They expect to continue on their journev to Tatsienlu with M r. and Mrs. Edgar when M r. Edgar returns from Chengtu.

L .B .J .

SuifuRev. F. Olsen and wife of the China Inland Mission are

now stationed at Suifu. Rev. and Mrs. Urech have left for Tatsienlu.

The Suifu Baptist Girls’ School has an enrolment of about two hundred aud forty.

Both the Men’s and the W om en’s hospitals have had a large number of patients since Chinese New Year, and both are vaccinating for smallpox.

The Messrs Richter, two German brothers who are making a tour of China, have been staying at the home of Rev. and Mrs. Robert Taylor.

TH E WES r C H IN A M ISSION ARY NEWS 45

W E S T C H IN A U N IO N U N IV E R S IT Y

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