The Work of The Work of StreamsStreams

ErosionErosion

Usually happen by streams flowing Usually happen by streams flowing through their channels and lifting through their channels and lifting loose particles by abrasion, grinding, loose particles by abrasion, grinding, and by dissolving soluble material. and by dissolving soluble material.

Ex. Like how sandpaper grinds down Ex. Like how sandpaper grinds down wood.wood.

Sediment TransportSediment Transport Three ways:Three ways:

1.) In Solution: dissolve load1.) In Solution: dissolve load Enters through the groundwaterEnters through the groundwater

2.) In Suspension: suspended load2.) In Suspension: suspended load Carry the largest part of their load this wayCarry the largest part of their load this way

3.) Scooting/rolling across the bottom: 3.) Scooting/rolling across the bottom: bed loadbed load Solid material to large to be carried in Solid material to large to be carried in

suspensionsuspension

Competence and Competence and CapacityCapacity

Measures the largest Measures the largest part of the materials part of the materials that a stream can that a stream can transport.transport.

Steam Discharge: Steam Discharge: Estimate of how Estimate of how much water can flow much water can flow through in one through in one second.second.

The maximum load The maximum load that the stream can that the stream can carrycarry

The greater the The greater the volume of water in volume of water in the stream, the the stream, the greater its capacity greater its capacity for carrying sediment. for carrying sediment.

DepositionDeposition

Occurs when sediments in a stream start Occurs when sediments in a stream start to deposit because the stream slows down. to deposit because the stream slows down.

Two types:Two types: 1.) Delta: an accumulation of sediment formed 1.) Delta: an accumulation of sediment formed

where a stream enters a lake or ocean. where a stream enters a lake or ocean. When a stream/river enters a lake/oceanWhen a stream/river enters a lake/ocean

2.) Natural Levees: a landform that parallels 2.) Natural Levees: a landform that parallels some streams. Happens when a stream some streams. Happens when a stream overflows its banks.overflows its banks.

Narrow Valley vs. Wide Narrow Valley vs. Wide ValleyValley

A stream’s primary A stream’s primary work has been to work has been to down cut to the down cut to the base level.base level.

More commonly More commonly known as a known as a floodplain. floodplain.

Flood ControlFlood Control

Caused by rapid spring melts or Caused by rapid spring melts or snow storms.snow storms.

Three types to control floods:Three types to control floods: 1.) Artificial Levees: Earth mounds on 1.) Artificial Levees: Earth mounds on

top of the banks of rivers.top of the banks of rivers. 2.) Flood – Control Dam2.) Flood – Control Dam 3.) Limiting Development3.) Limiting Development

Drainage BasinDrainage Basin

The land area that contributes water The land area that contributes water to a stream/river.to a stream/river.

Water Beneath Water Beneath the Surfacethe Surface

Distribution and Distribution and MovementMovement

Soaks into the Soaks into the ground but does ground but does not travel far. not travel far.

Seeps until it goes Seeps until it goes to the water table.to the water table.

Moves through the Moves through the pores of the pores of the groundwater. groundwater.

Porosity – Porosity – percentage of percentage of rocks and soil that rocks and soil that have pores. have pores.

SpringsSprings

Where ever the water reaches the Where ever the water reaches the surface of the Earth.surface of the Earth.

Spring – a naturally flow of Spring – a naturally flow of groundwater. groundwater.

Hot Springs vs. GeysersHot Springs vs. Geysers

Warmer than the Warmer than the air temperature air temperature around it.around it.

Intermittent hot Intermittent hot spring – its on a spring – its on a timer.timer.

WellsWells

A hole that is bored into the zone of A hole that is bored into the zone of saturation (water table).saturation (water table).

Artesian Well: any formation in which Artesian Well: any formation in which groundwater rises on its own under groundwater rises on its own under pressure.pressure.

Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental Problems

Overuse and contamination Overuse and contamination

1.) Treating groundwater like it is a 1.) Treating groundwater like it is a nonrenewable resourcenonrenewable resource

2.) Groundwater Contamination 2.) Groundwater Contamination (pollution)(pollution)

Caverns vs. Sink holesCaverns vs. Sink holes

A naturally formed A naturally formed underground underground chamber caused by chamber caused by erosion from erosion from streams. streams.

A region where A region where groundwater has groundwater has removed the rock.removed the rock.