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The World Ocean
11.1The World Oceans
Objectives:• Locate the major ocean zones based on
their relationship to the shore.• Describe the flow of water through the
world ocean and the characteristics of ocean water in different parts of the world.
Although people have given names to separated ocean, such as the Atlantic and Pacific, all the oceans of the world are connected and therefore make up one large body of water.
The Oceanic Zone • The open ocean, or oceanic zone, is by far
the largest zone in the ocean or marine biome, making up more than 90 percent of the surface area of the world ocean.
• The oceanic zone is very deep, 500m along the slopes to as deep as 11,000 m below the surface.
• Sunlight doesn’t penetrate very deep into the oceanic zone.
Flashcard
C11.1.1
Oceanic Zone
the open ocean, thelarge zone in the marinebiome that is more than
90% of the surfacearea of the
world ocean
Oceanic Zone cont.
• The photic zone is a layer less than 100m from the surface to the open ocean.
• The only producers of the open ocean ecosystem are phytoplankton.
• Each year, the phytoplankton in the world ocean produces about 1.6 billion tons of organic carbon, the basic material of living tissues that forms the base of the food web.
• Tiny pieces of dead organic matter that are food for organisms at the base of aquatic food web are called detritus.
Flashcard
C11.1.2
detritus
tiny pieces of deadorganic material that
are food for organismsat the base of
an aquatic food webin the deep-ocean
enthic zone
C11.1
The only producers inthe ocean zone are
phytoplankton
Ocean Water
• Even though all oceans are connected, not all waters have the same characteristics.
• Amounts of energy from the sun cause oceans in different parts of the world to vary in temp., salinity, and density.
Ocean Water cont..• Water near the earth’s equator gets stronger
radiation from the sun than the water elsewhere.
• This radiation makes the water warmer and evaporate more quickly in tropics.
• But near the poles the ocean is fed by melting glaciers and polar ice caps.
• Since the frozen water is fresh, not salty, the water near the poles is less salty than the rest of the ocean.
FlashcardC11.1.3
due to more rapid evaporation
tropical ocean waters are more saline
C11.1
due to melting freshwater glaciers and
ice caps
the water near thepoles is less
salty
Ocean Water cont.• Water in the ocean flows in patterns called
ocean currents.• Ocean currents vary somewhat during the
year and from one year to another. • Certain patterns are quite stable• currents are mostly driven by the wind• currents flow through the ocean in large
masses
The End
Click for Quiz
Egg Quiz T / F 11.1 EQ1. All the oceans of the world are connected.2. The oceanic zone, is by far the largest zone in the ocean or
marine biome3. Sunlight doesn’t penetrate very deep into the oceanic zone. 4. The only producers of the open ocean ecosystem are
phytoplankton.5. Tiny pieces of dead organic matter that are food for organisms at
the base of aquatic food web are called detritus.6. Amounts of energy from the sun cause oceans in different parts
of the world to vary in temperature, salinity, and density.7. The sun’s stronger radiation near the equator makes the water
warmer and evaporate more quickly. 8. Melting glaciers and polar ice caps makes the water near the
poles less salty than the rest of the ocean.9. Tropical waters are less salty due to more rapid evaporation10. Driven by the wind, water in the ocean flows in patterns called
ocean currents.
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