The World’s People

Section 1 - Culture

Aspects of Culture

All societies share certain basic institutions.

GovernmentAn educational systemEconomic systemReligious institutions

What is culture?

Culture is a learned system of shared beliefs and ways of doing things that guides a person’s daily behavior.

What is culture?

Culture region is an area where people share culture traits.

What is culture?

Culture traits are elements of culture.

Culture can be based on nationality, religion, and profession.

Race and Ethnic Groups

Ethnic groups are cultural groups that share beliefs and practices learned from parents, grandparents, and ancestors.

–Shared culture may include religion, history, language, holiday traditions and special foods.

Race and Ethnic Groups

Multicultural is when people from different cultures live in the same area.

Race and Ethnic Groups

Another word for multicultural is multiethnic.

Race

Race is based on inherited physical or biological traits.

Race is sometimes confused with ethnic group.

Cultural Change

Cultures change over timeHumans invent new ways

of doing things and this spreads to other people.

Cultural Change

The spread of one culture’s ways or beliefs to another culture is called diffusion.

Cultural Change

The English language being spread throughout the world is an example of diffusion.

Cultural Change

Acculturation is the process of cultural changes that result from long-term contact with another society.

Cultural Differences

A symbol is a sign that stands for something else.

Language, clothing, holidays, and flags are all symbols.

Cultural Differences

Symbols help people communicate with each other and create a sense of belonging to a group.

Development of a culture

Two important factors that influence the way people meet basic needs are their history and environment.

Development of a culture

Culture shapes history by influencing the way people respond to the same historical forces.

Development of a culture

The environment of a region can influence the development of culture. An example is the Nile River in Egypt. The Nile is central to the Egyptians lives.

Development of Agriculture

For most of human history people ate only wild plants and animals.

When food ran out they migrated, or moved to another place.

Development of Agriculture

Gradually the wild plants and animals changed and became dependent on people.

This is called domestication.

Agriculture and Environment

Agriculture changed the landscape.

To make room for growing food, people cut down forests, built fences, dug canals, and terraced hillsides.

Types of Agriculture

Subsistence agriculture is where farmers grow just enough food for themselves and their families.

Types of Agriculture

Commercial agriculture is practiced in wealthier countries and a small number of farmers produce enough food for everyone.

Agriculture and Civilization

People were able to grow more food and have surpluses or more than was needed to survive.

This surplus triggered the development of towns and cities.

Agriculture and Civilization

People were able to have more children and this increased population growth.

Culture

AGRICULTURE AND CIVILATIONAGRICULTURE AND CIVILATION

Humans eat wild

foods and migrate.

People develop

agriculture and change

the environment.

Humans domesticate plants and animals.

Agriculture provides surplus

food.

Towns and cities lead

to civilization.

Question:What is the connection between economics and politics?

SECTION 2

Population, Economy, and Government

SECTION 2

Population, Economy, and Government

Developed Countries Developing Countries

Economy

Political System

free enterprise

democracy

government control, communism

communism

ECONOMICS AND POLITICSECONOMICS AND POLITICS

SECTION 3

Population Growth Issues

Question:What are the advantages and disadvantages of high and low population growth?

SECTION 3

Population Growth Issues

Advantages

Low Population Growth Rate

High Population Growth Rate

high standard of living, enough resources to go around

increased political power, high productivity

lowers country’s ability to produce, large number of older people that may need financial support

hinders economic development, can strain resources

Disadvantages

POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH

Chapter Wrap-Up

1. What is culture, and why should people study it?

2. What is the difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture?

3. What are some of the different ways countries organize governments?

4. Why are telecommunications devices useful as economic indicators?

5. How do population growth rates affect resources?

1. What is culture, and why should people study it?

2. What is the difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture?

3. What are some of the different ways countries organize governments?

4. Why are telecommunications devices useful as economic indicators?

5. How do population growth rates affect resources?

CHAPTER 5