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THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIM E , WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENSIT Y ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF STINGING CATFISH FRY ( Heteropneustes fos si lis , Bloch). THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. Distribute in South-Asia and South-east Asia. Good taste - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIM EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIM E E , , WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENSIT WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENSIT Y Y ON ON THE THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF OF STINGING STINGING CATFISH FRY CATFISH FRY ( ( Heteropneustes fos Heteropneustes fos si si lis lis , Bloch) , Bloch) THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453
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Page 1: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

1

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGI EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMMEE,,

WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENS WEANING PERIOD AND STOCKING DENSITITYY

ON ON THE THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF OF STINGINGSTINGING CATFISH FRY CATFISH FRY

(( Heteropneustes fos Heteropneustes fossisilislis , Bloch) , Bloch)

THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANAst 105453

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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

Distribute in South-Asia and South-east Asia.

Good taste

High price

High nutritive Heteropneustes fossilis, (Bloch)

Yadav, 1999

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Problem statement

Major constraints of H. fossilis larvae rearing is the high rate of mortality.

How to improve the survival?

1. Feeding regime2. Weaning period

3. Stocking density

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Reported studies Feeding regime

Live-feeds are essential for carnivorous fish at the first stage (Dabrowski and Culver, 1991).

Weaning periodCo-feeding live-feed and artificial diets provided higher growth and survival than feeding either live-feeds or micro-diets alone (Giri et al., 2002).

Stocking densityOver-stocking has consequently slow growth and low survival (Shepherd and Bromage, 1992)

.

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Experimental

design

Determine the proper stocking density

Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities

Select the best weaning procedure

Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules

Select the best live-feed

Experiment 1

Nursing fry with different live-feeds

Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

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Experiment 1

To evaluate the effect of different live feeds on the growth and survival of H. fossilis fry at the first stage.

Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different live feeds on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry.

Experiment period: 21 days

4 treatments and 4 replications.

Two days-old fry were reared with 3 different types of live feeds.

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Design of Experiment 1

Trt Feed SD REP1A Rotifer 8 fry/L 42A Artemia 8 fry/L 43A Moina

1st week: small-size MoinaAfter 1st week: ungraded Moina

8 fry/L 4

4A 1st week: Rotifer2nd week: Artemia3rd week: Moina

8 fry/L 4

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Artemia : 0.5+ 0.06 mm

Small-size Moina : 0.36+ 0.04 mmRotifer: 0.15+ 0.03 mm

Ungraded Moina : 0.84+ 0.15 mm

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Live-feeds

Rotifer

Ungraded MoinaArtemia

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Treatment3:Moina were graded by sieving through 400 micron seine net during the first week.

400 micron

69 micron

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Fish sample (2 day-old)

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Maintenance of experiment tanks

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Length and weight measurement

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Fish mouth measurement

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Results of experiment 1

Parameters1A

Fed Rotifer2A

Fed Artemia3A

Fed Moina 4A

Combination

Mean final weightFMW (mg)

27.47c

± 7 51.27b

± 1481.78a

± 2963.54b

± 21

Daily weight gainDWG (mg/day)

1.27c

± 1.3 2.6b

± 2.63.61a

± 3.62.93ab

± 3.0

Specific growth rate

SGR (%)

26.95c

± 0.4 30.0b

± 1.031.63a

± 1.030.65ab

± 0.5

Mean final lengthFML (%)

13.41c

± 0.1218.09b

± 0.2320.03a

± 0.319.3ab

± 7

Survival (%)63.25b

± 3.384.06a

± 3.186.87a

± 1.883.81a

± 3.0

Fry fed Moina showed the best growth

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Supporting literature

species Protein % Fibre % Fat % Ash %

Moina 71.6 7.4 20.6 11.8

Artemia 61.6 2.7 19.4 10.1

Rotifer 66.7 2.7 24.1 4.3

Source of data: Watanabe (1994)

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This might have resulted from the higher nutritive value.

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Size of fish mouth and live-feeds

Type of live-feeds Rotifer Artemia

Small-size

Moina

Ungraded-Moina

Size (mm) 0.16+ 0.03

0.5+ 0.06 0.36+ 0.04

0.84+ 0.15

Age of fry 2 days 7 days 14 days 21 days

Size (mm) 0.66+ 0.02 1.13+ 0.09 1.44+ 0.2 1.72+ 0.03

This might have resulted from the appropriate size.

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Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron)

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

2 days 7 days 14 days 21 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

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Appropriate size of live-feeds for larval feeding should be approximately 50% of fish mouth size (Shirota, 1970)

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Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron)

0100200300400500600700800900

2 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

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Fry should be fed with small-size Moina in the first week due to the appropriate size.

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Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron)

20

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

7 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

Fry should be fed with small-size Moina in the first week due to the appropriate size.

Page 21: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron)

21

0200400600800

1000120014001600

14 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

Page 22: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Comparison between size of fry mouth and live-feeds (micron)

22

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

21 days

fish mouth

rotifer

artemia

small-size moina

ungraded-moina

Page 23: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

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Experimental

design

Determine the proper stocking density

Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities

Select the best weaning procedure

Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules

Select the best live-feed

Experiment 1

Nursing fry with different live-feeds

Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

Moina

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Experiment 2

To investigate the effect of weaning periods in terms of different acclimation schedules weaning onto artificial diets.

Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different weaning periods on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry.

6 treatments and 4 replications

Experiment period: 30 days

Weaning periods: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days were investigated.

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Design of experiment 2

Live feed

(time/day)

Dry feed

(time/day)

Livecontrol

Drycontrol

change every 1 day

change every 2 day

change every 3 day

change every 4 day

5 0 - - 1 2 3 4

4 1 - - 1 2 3 4

3 2 - - 1 2 3 4

2 3 - - 1 2 3 4

1 4 - - 1 2 3 4

0 5 - - 25 20 15 10

Total acclimatization weaning period (day)

0 0 5 10 15 20

Total experiment duration (day) 30 30 30 30 30 30

- : continuous feeding of live feed or dry feed

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Artificial diets

Two types of artificial feeds were used

Feed No.1 No.2 Type Particle size Moisture (%) Crude protein (%) Crude Lipid (%) Crude Fibre (%) Ash (%)

Powder feed0.3-0.8 mm

7.3938.815.352.72

14.26

Sinking pellet feed1.0–1.7 mm

8.0938.785.492.56

14.38

composition of dry-feeds used in experiments

Thailuxe company

Page 27: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Artificial diets

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Maintenance and measurement

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Results of experiment 2

parameters Live control

Drycontrol

changeevery1 day

changeevery2 day

changeevery3 day

changeevery4 day

Mean final weight (mg)

162.5a

± 15 62.5d

± 592.5c

± 5127.5b

± 17150a

± 16155a

± 19Daily weight

gain (mg/day)5.36a

± 0.4 2.02d

± 0.23.02c

± 0.24.19b

± 0.54.94a

± 0.55.11a

± 0.6Specific

growth rate(%)16.9a

± 0.313.7d

± 0.315.1c

± 0.1516.1b

± 0.416.7a

± 0.316.8a

± 0.4Mean final

length (mm)28.6a

± 0.921.8d

± 0.224.2c

± 0.326.2b

± 0.928a

± 1.128.9a

± 1.7Survival

(%)84.56a

± 3.21.16d

± 0.310.5c

± 2.265.25b

± 4.081.37a

± 2.182.87a

± 2.3

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Discussion H. fossilis fry could not be activated to artificial

feed by directly feeding them with dry feed. H. fossilis fry can be weaned from live-feed to

artificial feed by introducing dry feed every 3 days intervals (15 days weaning intervals).

The selection of 3 days intervals would be economically advantageous as it assist to reduce live-feed requirement.

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Experimental

design

Determine the proper stocking density

Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities

Select the best weaning procedure

Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules

MoinaExperiment 1

Nursing fry with different live-feeds

Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

15 days weaning schedules(change every 3 day)

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Experiment 3

To determine the optimum rearing density.

Null hypothesis: There is no effect of different stocking densities on the survival and growth of H. fossilis fry.

Fry were fed with sinking pellet feed No.2

Set up with 5 treatments, 3 replications

Experiment period: 60 days

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Design of experiment 3

Treatment Stocking density (fry/L)

Feed replication

1C2C3C4C5C

4681012

No.2 No.2 No.2 No.2 No.2

33333

Dry feed:Thailuxe company

Page 34: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Experiment 3

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Length and weight measurement

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Results of experiment 3

parameters 4 fry/L 6 fry/L 8 fry/L 10 fry/L 12 fry/L

Mean final weight(mg)

1,238a

± 311,130a

± 261,106a

± 341,088b

± 42970b

± 33Daily weight gain(mg/day)

18.04a

± 0.316.33b

± 0.315.93c

± 0.315.64c

± 0.413.66c

± 0.3Specific

growth rate(%)11.8a

± 0.0511.7a

± 0.1111.7a

± 0.2211.6a

± 0.2911.5b

± 0.22

MFL(cm)

6.08a

± 0.525.87a

± 0.465.8a

± 0.635.73b

± 0.785.37c

± 0.63

Survival(%)

39.6a

± 1.840.9a

± 4.338.5a

± 3.233.3b

± 1.430.6b

± 2.1

Page 37: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Discussion Optimum stocking density of H. fossilis is 8 fry/L.

Over-stocking has negative impact on growth and survival rate due to the competition for space. This might be due to stress.

Low temperature might have caused low

survival in all treatments.

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Comparison between water quality parameters during experiment

periods and optimum levelparameters Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 optimum

level

DO 5.04-7.95 5.7-7.44 5.86-7.18 > 5

Temp 25.2-31.9 26.0-30.5 22.0-28.9 25-30

pH 7.3-7.94 7.3-7.68 7.3-7.89 6.5-8.5

TAN 0.00-0.17 0.00-0.18 0.00-0.09 < 0.1

NO2 0.00-0.03 0.00-0.06 0.00-0.04 < 0.1

Source of optimum level data: (Boyd,1990) 38

Page 39: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

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Experimental

design

Determine the proper stocking density

Rearing weaned fry with different stocking densities

15 day weaning schedules

Weaning fish fry onto artificial diets with different acclimation schedules

MoinaExperiment 1

Nursing fry with different live-feeds

Recommend the suitable nursing protocols

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

8 fry / L

Page 40: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Conclusions Hypothesis 1:

Moina is the most suitable live-feed for H. fossilis larval rearing at the first 3 weeks.

Hypothesis 2: H. fossilis fry can be completely weaned from Moina to artificial-feeds within 15 days with 3 gradually acclimatization per each live-feed to artificial-feeds combination.

Hypothesis 3: 8 fry/L is optimum stocking density of post-weaned H. fossilis fry rearing until achieving the fingerling size (3 month-old).

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Page 41: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Recommendation

Comparison between H. fossilis fed small-size Moina and ungraded Moina at the first week should be done to evaluate the effect of different size, in term of growth and survival.

The development of suitable growth-out system for achieving the marketable size should be conducted.

During the experiment periods, affected should be paid for maintain optimum environment parameters, such as water temperature.

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Page 42: THEERAWAT SAMPHAWAMANA st 105453

Thank you

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