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The European Union:

PRESENTED BY: GROUP 07

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European Union

established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993

ensuring the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital

over 500 million citizens

generates an estimated 30% share (US$ 18.4 trillion in 2008) of thenominal gross world product

22% (US$15.2 trillion in 2008) of thePPP gross world product.[12]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(European_Union)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(European_Union)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty

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1945-1950

After effects of WWII, bipolar distribution of power in the world.

1946, British Prime MinisterWinston Churchill delivers speech atZurich University.

1948,the Benelux (Customs Union between Belgium, the

Netherlands and Luxembourg) introduced a common external tariff.

1948, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation

(OEEC) was established

1949,setting up of the Council of Europe

http://www.historiasiglo20.org/europe/biografias.htmhttp://www.historiasiglo20.org/europe/biografias.htm

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1950-1957

1950, the Schuman Declaration, prposal of EDC.

1951,Treaty of Paris-European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 6

members-France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Low Countries and Luxemburg

1954, EDC aborted

1957, Treaties of Rome signed by the 6, establishing the European EconomicCommunity (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).

http://europa.eu.int/abc/obj/treaties/en/entoc29.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/abc/obj/treaties/en/entoc38.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/abc/obj/treaties/en/entoc38.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/abc/obj/treaties/en/entoc29.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/abc/obj/treaties/en/entoc29.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/abc/obj/treaties/en/entoc29.htm

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The "British problem" and the

enlargement of the EEC in

1973 The commercial, political and sentimental bonds with its colonies

and former colonies, most of them integrated in the Commonwealth.

refusal to join a customs union

Britain was totally opposed to embarking on a project whose long-term aim was to surrender the sovereignty of national states tosupernational European Institutions.

United Kingdom joined the EEC. Denmark and Irelandaccompanied it. The Europe of the Nine was born.

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1973-1986

1975 the denominated European Council was instituted.

1979, the European Monetary System (EMS), the EuropeanCurrency Unit (ECU) was born.

In 1984, a group of European MPs, chaired by the ItalianAltiero Spinelli, introduced in Parliament a project ofTreaty of theEuropean Union.

1986, Single Europeon Act

http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000e.htmhttp://www.historiasiglo20.org/europe/biografias.htmhttp://www.historiasiglo20.org/europe/biografias.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000e.htm

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The Treaty of Maastricht

the initial economic objective of the Community, buildinga common market, was outstripped and, for the first time,a distinctive vocation of political union was claimed.

changed the official denomination of the EEC.Henceforth, it will be known as European Union.

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Founding fathers

New ideas for lasting peace and prosperity

Konrad Adenauer

Robert Schuman

Winston Churchill

Alcide De Gasperi

Jean Monnet

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The EU symbols

The European flagThe European anthem

Europe Day, 9 May

The motto: United in diversity

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23 official languages

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Eight enlargements

1952 19731981

1986

1990 1995 2004 2007

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The big enlargement:

healing the division of EuropeFall of Berlin Wall end of CommunismEU economic help begins: Phare programme

Criteria set for a country to join the EU: democracy and rule of law functioning market economy ability to implement EU laws

Formal negotiations on enlargement begin

Copenhagen summit agrees enlargement

10 new EU members: Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,

Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

1989

1992

1998

20022004

2007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU

CandidatesCroatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey

Reuders

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The treaties basis for democraticcooperation built on law

1952The European Steel and Coal Community

1958The treaties of Rome:

The European Economic Community

The European Atomic Energy Community

(EURATOM)

1987The European Single Act:

the Single Market

1993Treaty of European Union

Maastricht

1999Treaty of Amsterdam

2003Treaty of Nice

2007Treaty of Lisbon (signed)

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The Lisbon treaty - taking Europe intothe 21st century

The Treaty will make the European Union:

More efficient Simpler processes, full-time president for theCouncil, etc.

More democratic Stronger role for the European Parliamentand national parliaments, "Citizens initiative", Charter ofFundamental Rights, etc.

More transparent Clarifies who does what, greater public accessto documents and meetings, etc.

More united on High Representative for Foreign Policy, etc.the world stage

More secure New possibilities to fight climate changeand terrorism, secure energy supplies, etc.

Signed in December 2007 enter into force when ratified by all

27 EU countries.

The Lisbon treaty - taking Europe into

the 21st century

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How rich is the EU compared to the rest

of the world?

EU China Japan Russia United States EU China Japan Russia United States

10 793

1 326

3676

468

10 035

24 700

6 400

27 800

10 000

37 300

Size of economy: Gross Domestic Product in

billion of euros, 2006

Wealth per person: Gross Domestic Product

per person in Purchasing Power Standard, 2007

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The EU a major trading power

Share of world tradein goods (2006)

Share of world tradein services (2005)

Others50.5%

EU17.1%

United States16%

Japan6.6%

China9.6%

Others44.9%

EU26%

United States18.4%

Japan6.9%

China3.8%

The EU a major trading

power

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Three key players

The European Parliament- voice of the peopleHans-Gert Pttering, Presidentof the European Parliament

The council of Ministers- voice of the Member StatesJavier Solana, Secretary-General of the Councilof the European Union and High Representativefor Common Foreign and Security Policy

The European Commission- promoting the common interestJos Manuel Barroso, Presidentof the European Commission

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Three pillars

The European Union

The Treaties

EuropeanCommunity

domain(most ofcommonpolicies)

Commonforeign and

securitypolicy

Police andjudicial

cooperationin criminal

matters

European Communities Common Foreign and Security Policy

Police and Judicial Co-operation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Communitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Mattershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Mattershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Mattershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Communities

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European Communities Common Foreign and Security Policy(CFSP)

Police and Judicial Co operation(PJCC)

European Community (EC):Customs union and Single marketCommon Agricultural Policy

Common Fisheries PolicyEU competition lawEconomic and monetary unionEU-CitizenshipEducation and CultureTrans-European NetworksConsumer protectionHealthcare

Research (e.g.7th Framework Programme)Environmental lawSocial policyAsylum policySchengen treatyImmigration policy

European Coal and Steel Community

(ECSC, until 2002):Coal and steel industry

European Atomic Energy Community(EURATOM):

Nuclear power

Foreign policy:Human rightsDemocracy

Foreign aidSecurity policy:

European Security and Defence PolicyEU battle groupsHelsinki Headline GoalForce Catalogue

Peacekeeping

Drug trafficking andweapons smugglingTerrorism

Trafficking in human beingsOrganised CrimeBribery and fraud

First pillar Second pillar Third pillar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Communitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Mattershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Mattershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_competition_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_and_monetary_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-European_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Framework_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schengen_treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briberyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_battle_groupshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Headline_Goalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons_smugglinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_in_human_beingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_crimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briberyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pix.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pix.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briberyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_crimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_in_human_beingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons_smugglinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Headline_Goalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_battle_groupshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schengen_treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Framework_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-European_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_and_monetary_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_competition_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Mattershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Communities

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the first pillar, the central one, alludes to the Community dimension and

comprises the arrangements set out in the EC, ECSC and Euratom Treaties,

i.e. Union citizenship, Community policies, Economic and Monetary Union, etc

the second pillar is concerned, the Common foreign and security policy (CFSP)allows to undertake common actions in foreign policy. The European Council,

where decisions must be adopted unanimously, agrees the principles andgeneral orientations of the CFSP.

The third pillar is based onPolice and judicial cooperation (PJC) in criminal matters as terrorism, illegalimmigration, asylum policy, drugs traffic, international crime, etc.

http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000c.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000e.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000p.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000p.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000e.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000c.htm

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The EU institutions

EuropeanParliament

Court ofJustice

Court ofAuditors

Economic and SocialCommittee

Committee of the Regions

Council of Ministers(Council of the EU)

European Commission

European Investment Bank European Central BankAgencies

European Council (summit)

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EU and INDIA

India is an important trade partner for the EU and agrowing global economic power

Although it is far from the closed market that it wastwenty years ago, India still also maintains substantialtariff and non-tariff barriers that hinder trade with theEU.

The EU and India hope to increase their trade in bothgoods and services through the Free TradeAgreement (FTA) negotiations that they launched in2007.

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INDIA-EU Trade

India is10th in the list of the EUs main trading partnersin 2008.

EU accounts for 21% of Indias total exports and 16%of Indias total imports.

India accounts for 2.4% of EUs total exports and 1.9%of the EUs total imports. EU has been the biggestinvestor in India since 2000.

.

EU has a strong cooperation with India in the fight

against poverty

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Trade Statistics

Trade in goods

EU goods exports to India 2007:26.2 billion

EU goods imports from India 2007: 29.4 billion

Trade in services

EU services exports to India 2007:6.7 billion

EU services imports from India 2007: 5.5 billion

Foreign Direct Investment

EU outward investment to India 2006:2.5 billion

Indian inward investment to EU:0.5billion

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India's integration with the

global economy

EU-India trade has grown impressively anddoubled from 28.6billion in 2003 to over

55billion in 2007

EU investment to India has more than tripledsince 2003 from 759million to 2.4billion in2006

trade in commercial services has more thandoubled from 5.2billion in 2002 to 12.2billionin 2006

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Overall cooperation

framework with India

In 2004 India became one of the EU's "strategicpartners".

Since 2005, the EU-India Joint Action Plan, revisedin 2008, aims at realising the full potential of thispartnership in key areas of interest to India and theEU.

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Problem AreasEU wants quick action from US on Climate Policy to put

pressure on India and China

Issues such as the CTBT and NPT have a difference ofopinion.

India unhappy with EU over drug seizures.

Non-trade issues between India & EU are a problem so needto be addressed under FTA

Hindus are proving a hinderance to EU in their mission inorissa

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Conclusions EU-India relations are growing with every passing day

EU recognises India as a force to reckon with and isaware that it is making rapid growth and development

Security is a common challenge between EU and Indiaand both work towards anti-terrorism

Trade between EU and India is also growing rapidly

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