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1 1 Helen Stubbs Vice President of Higher Educa4on January 31, 2014 The Impact of Alcohol on Ins>tu>onal Priori>es: Student Success, Academic Performance, Financial and Risk Management
1 1
Helen Stubbs Vice President of Higher Educa4on January 31, 2014
The Impact of Alcohol on Ins>tu>onal Priori>es: Student Success, Academic Performance, Financial and Risk Management
2 2
Applying Systems Thinking to Student Health & Wellness
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Connec>ng Student Behaviors to Cri>cal Ins>tu>onal Issues
Online Behavior
Interpersonal Violence
Alcohol Use Hazing
Financial ���Stress
Other Drug ���Use
Marijuana ���Use
Sexual ���Assault
Cyber bullying ���Cyber stalking
STUDENT • Social well-‐being
• Mental health • Student engagement
• Academic engagement
INSTITUTION • Student success
• Retention • Reputation • Liability/Legal Costs
4 4
Alcohol Use a Major Driver of Campus Liability
29%
20%
19%
9%
7%
7%
10%
Slips and Falls
Assaults
Vehicle and Other Accidents
Athletics
Property
Mental/Physical Health
Other
General Campus Liability Claims , 2004 -‐ 2008
United Educators (2011), Student Loss Report, 2004 – 2008. An analysis of claims of negligence causing bodily injury to students and wrongful acts made against higher education institutions.
Of 16 fatalities resulting from slips and falls, 11 were related to
alcohol consumption.
Sexual assaults accounted for 66% of all assaults. Half occurred in on-‐campus residential
buildings.
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College Comple>on on Everyone’s Agenda
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Reten>on Largely Viewed as an Academic Issue
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The Need for Addressing the Whole Student
Source: Tinto, V. (1987). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Cornell Higher Education Research Institute. Retrieved May 6, 2010 from http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/cheri/workingPapers/upload/cheri_wp121.pdf.
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Linking High-‐Risk and Academics
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The Toll of Drinking on Grade Point Average
Source: Porter, S.R., & Pryor, J. (2007)
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Focusing on Inputs, Not Outcomes
Source: AlcoholEdu® National Survey Database, 2009-2010; Babcock, P. and Marks, M. (2009).“Leisure college USA.”; Ruiz, S., et al. (2010). Findings from the 2009 administration of the Your First College Year (YFCY)
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Leading Predictors of Academic Success
Source: Regression analysis of AlcoholEdu National Data Set, 2010-2011
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Linking High-‐Risk Drinking and Student Engagement
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Path Model Linking High-‐Risk Drinking and Reten>on
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Correla>ng Drinking and Gradua>on Rates
Source: H. Wesley Perkins. NASPA National Conference. (March 2010). .
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Demonstra>ng the Connec>ons Between AOD Use, Student Success & Interven>on Impact
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About the University of Denver’s Data
Star
t of C
lasse
s
Data based on responses from 910 first-‐year students at University of Denver who completed all 3 AlcoholEdu for College surveys in the fall of 2012. An addi(onal 502 students completed Part 1 only, and so are not included in this sample.
Where available, data is benchmarked against the na>onal aggregate (n = 311,000) and a custom selec>on of ins>tu>ons implemen>ng AlcoholEdu for College (n = 18,200): American University, Boston University, Colorado College, Colorado State U., Dartmouth College, Princeton University, Santa Clara University, Stanford University, University of Denver, University of Miami, University of Southern California, and University of Vermont.
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23%
15%
62%
21%
16%
63%
19%
13%
68%
high-‐risk drinkers
light/moderate drinkers
non-‐drinkers
Na>onal Average
Peer Group
University of Denver
Profile of Incoming Students at University of Denver
(includes 5% Problema3c)
(includes 5% Problema3c)
(includes 5% Problema(c)
Non-‐drinkers: 0 drinks in the past 2 weeks Light/Moderate drinkers: 1-‐3 drinks for women; 1-‐4 drinks for men at least once in the past 2 weeks High-‐risk drinkers: 4 + drinks for women; 5 + drinks for men at least once in the past 2 weeks (includes Problema(c drinkers – 8 + drinks for women; 10 + drinks for men)
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33%
19%
49%
29%
19%
51%
26%
16%
58%
high-‐risk drinkers
light/moderate drinkers
Na>onal Average
Peer Group
Univeristy of Denver
(includes 8.5% Problema3c)
(includes 7.0% Problema3c)
(includes 7.5% Problema3c)
non-‐drinkers
Examining Changes in Drinking Rates
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Nega>ve Academic Consequences of Drinking at DU
16%
24% 19% 17%
26%
16% 19%
25%
18%
Performed poorly on an assignment
Got behind in schoolwork Missed a class
University of Denver Na>onal average #REF!
Student-reported academic consequences as a result of drinking
Peer Group National Average
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Examining Drinks by Day of the Week at DU
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Hobart’s Classes Mapped to Student Alcohol Consump>on
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22%
19%
51%
51%
21%
22%
46%
47%
22%
20%
49%
49%
Choose a drink containing more alcohol
Chug alcohol
Do shots
Start to drink before going out (pre-‐game)
When you drink, to what degree do you do the following?:
Drinking-‐Related Risk Behaviors The most common drinking-‐related risk behaviors that University of Denver students engage in are pre-‐gaming and doing shots.
Note: Graph represents grouped responses of 5, 6, and 7 on a 7-‐point scale (1 = not at all; 7 = always) for drinkers only.
University of Denver
Na>onal Average
Peer Group
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Social and Financial Mo>va>ons for Pregaming
Key Finding: Students oMen use pregaming as a social lubricant or to avoid the expense of drinking at other venues.
•
Implica4ons: Stemming the prac4ce of pregaming will require addressing related challenges and anxie4es student face around socializa4on. Efforts to dispel myths about the “safety” of pregaming
are also recommended.
TOP 5 REASONS FOR PREGAMING
Get a buzz before I go to an event
Feel more comfortable when I go out to an event
Save money so I don’t have to buy as many drinks at the event
Drink in a safer environment
Make it easier to connect with people at the event
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Mo>va>ons for Pregaming Vary By Sex
Key Finding: Women and men pregame for dis(nct reasons.
Implica4ons: Educa4on and social marke4ng efforts should consider these gender differences and tailor messages accordingly (e.g., focusing on dispelling myths about social benefits
versus perceived protec4ve factors of pregaming.)
Top Reasons for Males Top Reasons for Females
To make it easier to hook up at the event (15%)
To get a buzz before I go to the event (36%)
To make it easier to talk to a person I might be amracted to at the event (13%)
To feel more comfortable when I go to the event (26%)
To get drunk before I go to the event (10%)
To drink in a safer environment (25%)
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Pregaming Predic>ve of Mul>ple Nega>ve Outcomes
Pregaming Significantly Predicts: Increases in nega>ve drinking-‐related consequences Decreases in healthy drinking behaviors Increases in unhealthy drinking-‐related consequences Increases in acceptability of nega>ve drinking behavior Increased total drinks during past two weeks Increased incidence of Heavy Episodic Drinking
Increased incidence of Problema>c Drinking
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Nega>ve Consequences & Correlates of Alcohol Use at DU
Took advantage of someone sexually
Was taken advantage of sexually
Did Something You Regre[ed
Data collected in Survey 3, 30-‐45 days a\er comple4ng AlcoholEdu for College. Percentages represent the number of students who report experiencing a par4cular consequence at any 4me in the past two weeks.
13% 12% 12%
University of Denver Na>onal Average Peer group
34%
32% 33% 7% 8% 7%
35% 34% 33%
Blacked out
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Past 2-‐Week Marijuana Use at DU
21%
12%
17%
DU Na(onal Peer
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Understanding Risky Behaviors and Consequences
DUAL USERS
95.3% of Marijuana users reported drinking in the past two weeks
More likely to get behind the wheel
More likely to have difficulty socially
More likely to perform poorly academically
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$39,722
$50,652
$119,167
$37,929
$117,696
Annual Alcohol Costs at DU
Calcula>ng the Ins>tu>onal Cost of Alcohol
$327,177
Total Cost
15% attrition due to alcohol
15% Counseling staff time, # FTEs
80% Judicial Affairs staff time, # FTEs
15% Campus Safety staff time, # FTEs
55% property damage due to alcohol; per
student costs
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DU’s Revenue Loss Due to Alcohol-‐Related Amri>on
Metrics Used
1,407 students in first-‐year class
88% first to second year reten>on
15% alcohol-‐related amri>on
$26,700 net annual tui>on
Key Assumptions to the Model: • Students would have stayed in school 3 more years with 5% tuition inflation • Only includes attrition from Year 1 to Year 2 • Does not include offsetting transfer student revenue • Net tuition per student calculated net of all institutional grant aid provided
$2,331,583
©2014 EverFi Source: Lake Forest College data, www.collegeresults.org; The Delta Project www.tcs-online.org
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Addressing Reten>on by First Addressing Alcohol at Frostburg State
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Preven>on Efforts Align with DU’s Strategic Goals
Mission: The mission of the University of Denver is to promote learning by engaging with students in advancing scholarly inquiry, cul>va>ng cri>cal and crea>ve thought and genera>ng knowledge.
Ins(tu(onal Goals: • Community—We will create a diverse, ethical, and intellectually vibrant campus community to provide a challenging and libera>ng learning environment.
• Learning—We will provide an outstanding educa>onal experience that empowers students to integrate and apply knowledge from across the disciplines and imagine new possibili>es for themselves, their communi>es, and the world.
• Scholarship—We will invigorate research and scholarship across the university to address important scien>fic, sociopoli>cal and cultural ques>ons of the new century.
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Assessing Ins>tu>onaliza>on at University of Denver
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Trends in Favor of Crea>ng Healthy Environments 12TH GRADE ALCOHOL USE TRENDS IN OUR FAVOR
31% 22%
1999 2011
High-Risk* Drinking 30-day Prevalence of Being Drunk
* Defined as having 5 + drinks within the last
30 days 33%
25%
1999 2011 Source: Monitoring the Future, 2012.
Source: AlcoholEdu National Survey Database
59% 62% 62% 62% 64% 68%
25% 24% 24% 24% 22% 19%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Alcohol Use Among Incoming FYS
NON-‐DRINKERS
HIGH-‐RISK DRINKERS
Historic low
HIGH-‐RISK DRINKERS
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Crea>ng and Suppor>ng Ins>tu>on-‐Specific Strategies for Success
Ongoing Support Phone consulta>ons to gather informa>on, iden>fy key challenges, and determine next steps
Research and best prac>ce case studies on the topics deemed cri>cal to success
Tools and resources to support recommended strategies
TTHE ALCOHOL PREVENTION COALI ION
Effective Strategies forReducing Alcohol Risk and Harms Among Student Athletes
HIG
H-R
ISK STU
DEN
T POPU
LATIO
NS
TTHE ALCOHOL PREVENTION COALI ION
Effective Strategies forReducing Alcohol Risk and Harms Among Student Athletes
HIG
H-R
ISK STU
DEN
T POPU
LATIO
NS
Complete Diagnos>c
STEP 1
Follow-‐up Discussion
STEP 2
Ac>on Plan
Delivered
STEP 3
