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Theme 1: Surprise Endings
“The Gift of the Magi”“The Lady, or the Tiger”
Literary Terms
• Irony
Irony
Irony
• Discrepancy between what is expected and what happens.
Verbal Irony
Verbal Irony
• When a speaker says one thing but means another (similar to sarcasm)
• When a literal meaning is contrary to its intended effect
BE QUIET!
Dramatic Irony
Dramatic Irony
• Listener or audience understand words or actions that the speaker or character does not
• Adds suspense or humor
Senator Palpatine = Evil
4,5,6 (old Star Wars) 1,2,3 (new Star Wars)
Situational Irony
Situational Irony
• When the result of an action is contrary to the desired or expected effect
Tone
• Author or speaker’s viewpoint of a subject
• An author uses denotation & connotation to develop tone in writing.– Denotation: Literal meaning of a word– Connotation: Associated meaning of a word
(often positive or negative)
Connotation: Positive or Negative?
• Self-confident / conceited• Stubborn / firm• Hard-working / workaholic• Casual / sloppy• Used car / pre-owned car• Warm crackling of a fire / scalding smoke of a
fire
Characterization
• Methods used to reveal the personality of a character
Types of Characters
• Static character: does not undergo any important change from the beginning to the end of the story
• Dynamic character: undergoes a change in attitude, circumstance, or values
Methods of Characterization
• Direct characterization – makes direct statements about character’s personality
• Indirect characterization – reveals a character’s personality though:– Character’s words– Character’s actions– What other characters think about character– What other characters say about character
Theme 2: Suspense!
“The Most Dangerous Game”“The Cask of Amontillado”
Foil
• Literally, a “leaf” of bright metal placed under a jewel to increase its brilliance
• Foil:– A character whose personality or attitude is
opposite that of another character– Through this contrast one character highlights the
characteristics of the other character
Symbol
• Something that on the surface is its literal self but which also has another meaning or even several meanings.
• For example, a sword may be a sword and also symbolize justice.
• A symbol may be said to embody an idea.
Universal Symbols
• Embody universally recognizable meanings wherever used
• Ex: light to symbolize knowledge, a skull to symbolize death, etc.,
Constructed Symbols
• Are given symbolic meaning by the way an author uses them in a literary work,
Symbolism in “Red Death”
• The color red• The ebony clock• The mysterious guest
Mood
• The emotional quality or atmosphere of a story– Can suggest a specific emotion or quality of
setting– Created by descriptive language, figures of speech,
word choice
Mood
• How would you describe the mood of “The Cask of Amontillado”
• How does Poe create this mood?
Foreshadowing
• Author’s use of clues to prepare readers for events that will happen later in the story
Foreshadowing
• When did Poe use foreshadowing in the story?
Suspense
• A feeling of curiosity, uncertainty, or even dread about what is going to happen next.
• Writes increase suspense by giving readers clues as to what might happen.
Suspense
• How does Poe create suspense in his story?
Theme 3: Imagination
“The Secret Life of Walter Mitty”“Gaston”
Figurative Language
• Used to convey something other than the literal meaning of their words
• Enriches our experience while reading
Hyperbole
• “If I had a nickel for every time I told you that, I’d be a millionaire.”
• “Here once the embattled farmers stoodAnd fired the shot heard round the
world.” – Ralph Waldo Emerson
Similes and Metaphors
• Compare two unlike objects• Comparison implies a shared quality
Simile
• Compares two unlike things using “like” or “as”• Examples:– His face was as red as a tomato.• Compared items:• Shared quality:
– The sprinter was like a racecar.• Compared items:• Shared quality:
Metaphor
• Compares two unlike things without using “like” or as”
• Examples:– The thief was a tiger, ready to pounce.• Compared items:• Shared quality:
– The giant’s footsteps were thunder as he walked.• Compared items:• Shared quality:
Personification
• Giving nonhuman or inanimate objects the qualities associated with humans or living creatures.
• Examples:– The clock frowned at me as I dashed out the door.• Human or living quality:
– The puppies played and giggled with one another.• Human or living quality:
Imagery
• Language that specifically appeals to one or more of the five sense.– Sight– Sound– Smell– Taste– Touch
Onomatopoeia
• Word that imitates or suggests the sound it describes– Buzz– Achoo– Pocketa-pocketa
Melodrama
• Sensational plot• Exaggerated emotions