Theme  A:  Recovery,  Processing  and  Capture  

Sub-­‐theme  A1/A2:  GasificaBon  with  CO2  Capture  Sorbents  and/or  Catalysts  

1  

PI   Affilia)on   PDF   Graduate  student   Others  

Naoko  Ellis  John  R.  Grace  C.  Jim  Lim  

BriBsh  Columbia   Jean  Saayman   Paula  Reyes    Andrew  Knight    James  Butler  Bijan  Hejazi  Hafiz  Rahman  

Serge  Kaliaguine   Laval   Zhenkun  Sun   Behdaoud  Nohair  

Hugo  deLasa   Western   M.  B.  Choudhury  A.  Abassi  B.  M.  Quddus  

Arturo  Macchi  Ben  Anthony  

OUawa  CANMET  

Firas  N.    Ridha  

Nader  Mahinpey   Calgary   Mohammad  H.  Sedghkerdar  Ehsan  Esmaili  Darki  Ehsan  Mostafavi  

A1:  Integrated  Fluidized  Bed  GasificaBon  with  Looping  CO2  Capture  

(UBC,  UCalgary,  Laval,  Western,  UOUawa,  CANMET)    

2  

Gasifier   Calciner  

Fuel  

Sorbent  with  CO2  

Sorbent  

Concentrated  CO2  

H2O  

Syngas  

Overall  Goal:  •  To  develop  and  characterize  potenBal  CO2  capture  sorbents  •  To  operate  and  model  the  UBC  pilot  plant  for  gasificaBon  and  

CO2  capture  

Sorbents  being  synthesized,  prepared,  pelleBzed,  coated  and/or  tested:  •   Limestone  (crushed/pelleBzed)  •   Lithium  orthosilicate  •   Core-­‐shell  limestone  pellets  

CaO-­‐CO2  Capture  ReacBon:  

Sorbent  ProducBon  

3  

Cadomin Limestone

212-710 µm >25 mm

Limestone and its pellets: AceBficaBon  and  Al(OH)3  binder  promoBng  higher  CO2  capture  capacity  

180-850 µm

Binder: Calcium Aluminate cement: CA-14 (71% Al2O3-28% CaO)

Li4SiO4 +CO2(g)⇔ Li2SiO3 + Li2CO3

Lithium Orthosilicate Core/shell mesostructured particles SiO2,  TiO2,  ZrO2  and  SiO2-­‐ZrO2  coated  CaCO3  or  Cadomin  parBcles  

SEM          EDX  –  Si                        EDX  –  Zr              EDX  -­‐Ca    

Sorbent  ReacBvity  and  AUriBon  

4  

Limestone  vs  syntheBc  sorbents  CO2  capture  efficiency   AUriBon  tesBng  and  

characterizaBon  of  sorbents  

0  

4  

8  

12  

16  

0   5   10   15   20   25   30   35  

CO

2 upt

ake

(mol

es o

f CO

2/kg

CaO

in th

e ca

lcin

ed s

orbe

nt)

No. of cycles

CD CD-CA-14 CD-CS

Chemical  looping  unit:  Operatability  tested  using  

limestone  or  pellets  Fuel/

Chemical

Fuel cell

Transport fuel

Oil upgrading

Combustor

Coal

Petcoke

Biomass

Waste

BFBGasifier

Cal

cina

tor

Gas TurbineCompressor

Steam Turbine

HRSG

PSAH2S / NH3

removal

Generator

Generator

Electric Power

Electric Power

Electric Power

Condenser

Condenser

Condenser

SLC

Condenser

ASU

CO2 Sequestration

RecycledWater

RecycledWater

RecycledWater

RecycledWater

Air

N2 to Combustion

O2

PSAOff-Gas

Waste

Off-Gas to Calciner

Clean Syngas

H2

RecycledParticulates

SteamCaCO3

CaO

CO2,H2O

Syngas

H2

CO2

N2

H2O,N2

Air

Steam Water

O2,H2O,N2

WGS

Model  IGCC  with  in-­‐situ  CO2  capture  using  lime  (CaO)  using  ASPEN  Plus  

Gasifier:  750˚C,  32barg  CaO-­‐Carbon  (CaO:C)  molar  RaBo:  1.5:1  Calciner:  900˚C,  0barg  

Fluidized  Bed  OperaBon  and  Modeling  

•  Solids  circulaBon  flux  •  Gas  leakage  •  Pressure  loop  

Theme  A:  Recovery,  Processing  and  Capture  

Sub-­‐theme  A2:    Fluidized  Bed  CatalyBc  GasificaBon  of  Low-­‐Grade  Coals*  

6  

PI   Affilia)on   PDF   Graduate  student   Others  

Josephine  Hill   Calgary   Jan  Kopyscinski     Benjamin  Feist  (P)  Raj  Gupta   Alberta   Shayan  Karimipour   Ebrahim  Azimi   Moshfiqur  

Rahman  Ray  Spiteri   Saskatchewan   Ahmed  Kaffel/  Shayan  

Karimipour  Eddy  Essien    Krzysztof  Voss  

Charles  Mims   Toronto   Jill  Lam  (M)  Jamal  Chaouki   Ecole  Polytechnique   Rouzbeh  Jafari  

Mohammad  LaBfi  Said  Samih  (P)  Farzam  Fotovat  (P)  

Nader  Mahinpey   Calgary   Mohammad  H.  Sedghkerdar,    Ehsan  E.Darki,  Ehsan  Mostafavi  

*IniBal  plan  was  to  include  petcoke  and  use  fluidized  bed  at  the  University  of  Saskatchewan  

Benefica)on  &  Catalyst  Addi)on  UofA  

Gasifica)on  Kine)cs    UofT:  Drop  in  Gasifier  

UCalgary:  TGA  EP:  Fluidized  TGA  

Fluidized  Bed  Studies  EP:  20  cm  dia,  Atm  P,    

<  1000°C  (EP)  

Hot  gas  Clean-­‐up  UCalgary  

Coal   Ash-­‐free  or  Low  ash  

Gas  Comp  

CO,  H2,  CH4,  CO2  

Chemical  Looping  CO2  (A1)  

Modeling  UofS:  CFD  of  fluidizaBon  

UCalgary,  EP:  Process  Economics  

Overall  Goal:  •  To  develop  a  fluidized  bed  catalyBc  gasificaBon  process  that  will  improve  

gasificaBon  efficiency  and  produce  a  stream  of  CO2  that  is  capture  ready    

A2:  Fluidized  Bed  CatalyBc  GasificaBon  of  Low-­‐Grade  Coals  

(UCalgary,  UofS,  École  Poly,  UofA,  UofT)    

Proximate  analysis  (wt%,  db)   Ul)mate  analysis  (wt%,  daf)  

VM   FC   Ash   VM/FC   C   H   N   S   O*  

GEN-­‐raw   31.5   38.3   30.5   0.8   73.1   4.3   1.0   0.4   21.2  

GEN-­‐AF   69.5   30.5   682  ppm#   2.3   87.2   5.3   3.4   0.1   4.3  

GEN-­‐res   17.3   24.8   57.9   0.7   76.0   5.0   2.1   1.2   15.7  

GEN-­‐AF  char   0.0   100.0   0.0   -­‐   90.9   2.5   1.8   0.1   4.7  

GEN-­‐LAP   33.6 58.3 8.15 0.58 69.7 4.8 1.0 0.4 24.1

VM  =  vola)le  ma]er,  FC  =  fixed  carbon,  db  =  dry  basis,  daf  =  dry  and  ash  free,  *Oxygen  content  by  difference,  #determined  by  ICP-­‐MS  

Properties of Genesee coal samples (raw, ash free, residue, char, and low-ash)

Ca(OH)2 decomposition: Comparison between Conventional and Fluidized Bed TGAs

grams!  

Principle of coupling Aspen Plus flowsheet with external Fortran files

Drop-down Micro Reactor for Gasification studies with Steam Reaction scheme

of K2CO3 on ash-free coal heated under N2 or CO2 atmosphere.

Key  AcBviBes   Coal  upgrading  and  characterizaBon:  

 Chemical  upgrading  producing  73%  (daf)  max  conversion  based  on  amount  of  ash-­‐free  sample  (AFC)  produced  from  the  BD  lignite  coal  at  400oC  

 GasificaBon  Experiments:   Experiments  on  the  mobility  and  fate  of  catalysts  in  mixed  coal-­‐biomass  as  well  as  impregnated  coal  samples  have  been  completed  and  confirm  that  the  fate  of  potassium  catalyst  on  the  BC  subbituminous  coals  is  to  form  inacBve  potassium  alumino-­‐silicate  under  rather  mild  gasificaBon  condiBon  at  700°C  –  catalyst  deacBvates  in  presence  of  ash     Atmospheric  CO2  gasificaBon  experiments  at  650-­‐750°C  showing  gasificaBon  rate  of  the  AFC  is  orders  of  magnitudes  lower  compared  to  the  raw  samples     AcBvity  can  be  restored  by  adding  catalysts  (K2CO3)  but  Ash-­‐free  and  Low-­‐ash  products  are  hydrophobic  so  dry  mixing  has  to  be  used     ConvenBonal  thermogravimetric  analyzers  (TGA)  limited  to  milligram  quanBBes  of  sample;  developed  fluidized  bed  gasifier  can  work  with  grams  of  sample  –  absence  of  diffusion  limitaBons  verified  using  Ca(OH)2  parBcles     Hot-­‐gas  cleaning  can  be  done  with  supported  lanthanum  oxide  adsorbents  regenerated  with  steam  

 CFD  model  development:     Models  assessed  and  improved  to  handle  industrial  scale  gasificaBon  process       RadioacBve  tracer  experiments  performed  in  fluidized  bed     Hydrodynamic  parameters  (bubble  diameters  velociBes,  void  fracBon,  mass  transfer  coefficients,  etc)  in  a  fluidized  bed  gasifier  determined