Themelios, Volume 35 Issue 3

8/8/2019 Themelios, Volume 35 Issue 3

1/193

An International Journal for Students of

Theological and Religious Studies

Volume 35 Issue 3 November 2010

EDITORIAL: Cotraria Refectios o Idividualism 378D. A. Carson

MInORITy REpORT: Terrible Beaut, Beaut, ad the 384plai TerribleCarl Trueman

Fictio ad Truth i the Old Testamet Wisdom Literature 387Daniel J. Estes

plots, Themes, ad Resosibilities: The Search or a 400Ceter o Biblical Theolog ReexamiedDaniel J. Brendsel

The Dazzlig Darkess o Gods Triue Love: Itroducig 413Evagelicals to the Theolog o Has Urs vo Balthasar

Stephen M. Garrett

pASTORAL pEnSES: A World Servat i Christia Liberal 431Arts EducatioPhilip Graham Ryken

Book Reviews 436
http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/


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EitGeneral Editor:. A. Cnrinity Evangelical Divinity School

2065 Hal Day Road

Deereld, IL, 60015, USA

[email protected]

Consulting Editor:Cl . tumnWestminster Teological Seminary

Chestnut Hill, P. O. Box 27009

Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA

Managing Editor:Chl AnnOak Hill Teological College

Chase Side, Southgate

London, N14 4PS, [email protected]

Administrator:An Nll

Grace Bible Church107 West Road

Moore, SC 29369, [email protected]

Bk EiEw EitOld estamentnl nUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

CPAJ

Rua Maria Borba, 15Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 01221-040

[email protected]

New estamentAln TmpnSydney Missionary & Bible College

PO Box 83

Croydon, NSW 2132, [email protected]

Histor and Historical TeologNhn A. FnnSoutheastern Baptist Teological Seminary

P. O. Box 1889Wake Forest, NC 27588, [email protected]

Sstematic Teolog and BioethicsHn Mumrinity Evangelical Divinity School

2065 Hal Day Road; D-632

Deereld, IL 60015, [email protected]

Ethics (u n Bh) and PastoraliaP Cmn

Magdalen Road Church

41a Magdalen Road

Oxord, OX4 1RB, [email protected]

Mission and Culturenl ngOak Hill College

Chase Side, SouthgateLondon N14 [email protected]

ECiPtiNTemelios n nnnl ngll hlgl junl h xpun n n h h Chn h. ipmy un hlgl un n p, hugh hl ll. i mly pn junlp ytF/UCCF n h Uk, n m gl junl p y T Gpl Cln n 2008. T n

l m p pnn, n h y n , m h h Aln.Temelios pulh h m y xluly nln .hGplCln.g. i pn n m:PF ( ng pgnn) n HtML ( g ly, uly, n nln n h ngn). Temelios pygh y T Gpl Cln. u n ul n gl m hu uh pmn(ny pn u qu uh n pmn), u hy mu nlg h u n, u, n hng hnn.

EitiAL BAGl By, Beeson Divinity School; l . Cp, University o Bristol; wllm kyn, Cornerstone Evangelical FreeChurch; kn Mgnun, Te Southern Baptist Teological Seminary; Jnhn Pnnngn, Te Southern Baptist TeologicalSeminary; Jm n, Wyclie Hall; Mhl T, Durham University; M . Tmpn,Moore Teological College ;Gy wllm, Te John Owen Centre, London Teological Seminary; Pul wllmn,Moore Teological College ; phnwm, Pepperell Christian Fellowship.

AtiCLEAl hul gnlly u 4,000 7,000 (nlung n) n hul um h MngngE Temelios, hh p-. Al hul u l, n Englh, llng Te SBL Handbook o Style(p. n), upplmn yTe Chicago Manual o Style. Ty hul nnly u h Uk UApllng n punun, n hy hul um lnlly n ml hmn ung M w (. .x xnn) h tx Fm (. xnn). pl h hul u Un n.

EiEwT gnlly l nul , u pnl my n hm ung p . A p ngng , h ll upply guln .
http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/resources/author-index/a/da_carson#Biographyhttp://www.wts.edu/faculty/profile.html?id=12http://www.oakhill.ac.uk/faculty/charles_anderson.htmlhttp://andynaselli.com/abouthttp://www.smbc.com.au/pages/default.asp?pid=82http://betweenthetimes.com/contributors/http://www.henrycenter.org/about/staff/http://www.oakhill.ac.uk/teaching_staff/daniel_strange.htmlhttp://www.uccf.org.uk/students/specialist-ministries/rtsf/http://www.uccf.org.uk/http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/156563487X/105-0896679-3508417?ie=UTF8&tag=thegospcoal-20http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0226104036/105-0896679-3508417?ie=UTF8&tag=thegospcoal-20http://www.logos.com/support/lbs/fontshttp://www.logos.com/support/lbs/fontshttp://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0226104036/105-0896679-3508417?ie=UTF8&tag=thegospcoal-20http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/156563487X/105-0896679-3508417?ie=UTF8&tag=thegospcoal-20http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/http://www.uccf.org.uk/http://www.uccf.org.uk/students/specialist-ministries/rtsf/http://www.oakhill.ac.uk/teaching_staff/daniel_strange.htmlhttp://www.henrycenter.org/about/staff/http://betweenthetimes.com/contributors/http://www.smbc.com.au/pages/default.asp?pid=82http://andynaselli.com/abouthttp://www.oakhill.ac.uk/faculty/charles_anderson.htmlhttp://www.wts.edu/faculty/profile.html?id=12http://www.thegospelcoalition.org/resources/author-index/a/da_carson#Biography


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EitiAL

Cnn n n inulm1

D. A. Carson

D. A. Carson is research proessor o New estament at rinity EvangelicalDivinity School in Deereld, Illinois.

N mny h y n upp nulm. T l ll n hlp, u, ugg nulm n h mn h nnnh-nuy n n h gy n. Gn uly l n mmunnm, n nulm.

T l Tm ll h mpln h h ppul nly h nnnh nuy nn up y ll n p muh nn. 2 i h gh j n h nulmh nly hz n up n wn puy n mn nng m, n l h h ly y m mmunn hn ppl mgn; h pn h ungly nul.3 lg l wuhn n Bllh h u nulm, n mnynlu h Gnn X pully nul.4 inulm h ngllmn n ynm;5 pully, n nun n h m h hllng.6 in nn gnlly xlln n llgy, Jnhn Lmn n pg nunngh nulm hh, h , n h l h ln mny ppl, plly n h w,m ng h mpn h huh n h Bl.7 in h, n ll ng ugh hnulm mn wn hugh, n .

whu ung h h uh n h nly, i n qunhul n . A ulu ly g ng ll nulm nnlly pl h gpl uh? i n h h ghly n ulu h nug u n gup hn n l hpl nn n ngl np hn h w?T n y qu l, u. Bu mny gpl mn n mn n Jpn ul l

1 T l lghly mnup l l n Nm 20, 2010 n Aln, Gg h tynl Hu nng h h nnul mng h inu Bll h n y Bll Lu.

2 p. Tm ll,Intellectuals and Society (N Y: B B, 2010).3 By Aln hn, Te Myth o American Individualism: Te Protestant Origins o American Political

Tought(Pnn: Uny P, 1994).4 E.g., Gn Lynh,Ater Religion: Generation X and the Search or Meaning(Lnn: Lt, 2002).5 nn P. Hllng, Individualism and Social Ethics: An Evangelical Syncretism (Lnhm: UPA,

1985).6 h , T Chllng pul inulm (n H M i),AUSS43 (2005): 11331.7 Jnhn Lmn, Te Church and the Surprising Oense o Gods Love: Reintroducing the Doctrines o

Church Membership and Discipline (iX M; whn: Cy, 2010).

Temelios 35.3 (2010): 37883
http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/


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nj ll more nulm n h ppl hm hy . A ghly y l uA py h n. Y, i n, h u h n mply ulul hn u h Mulm ppn ll hng Chn. Bu y pn uny l Aul, n hh h

u n h ll pppy ynm uh, ll plny m gpl mny u llyl nul h n u nglyn n y hpl h gpl. insomething n nulm?

H hm, i n hh nulm n ly hghly pz m hn. nul m h mny ppl n lng something h gup h mng puh n Phn, h mgng h h n ll h hm, h gmpny h n u ll hy, h h up-- n hn n, h h uly gn h h upu h gn mmn, u gup n n F, h h , n n. i yu y h m h gup n p lnhp, i hll g h yuu hn h plm l n h mn hlllnhp mny n, h hn n nulm p . Mnhl n pl, un, n

n lgn, mny ll l h n ul u n h mmn nun, n lp nul. n mny u mn h m ulul pu u n pll n? By n lg, nulm n m ng nugh lugh h ll h n ll nmy. n m uny mpu, i ul uly h ll m nulm.

whn un h Bl, n m ln n h m hn n n h nlunqul nmnn nulm n h w. n h n hn, u, h plny ml h un h mpn h huh, h mmuny h n nn. Tmny n nh pg (l n nh, g n nh, h n nh, n n)nly nju up h upm mpn lnhp, mny hm pl. i h ln h Ju pl u l n nh, hn h mn l mn h ng h muul Chn l. T y mph n Pul unnn h n y, u n h y mphz h npnn h u p h y (p. 1 C 12). n h mg h numm gly ll m y, hn Julmn h socialn, n n ul hu n gn lly nly mm pyng ngh. u, h yml-ln lu h n Julm un n h h h y h g kng, y ul l u h h m h M Hly Pl, hunn n g numng l mn u h ln l n l pl,n m h m. Y h n y ul n h Aplyp mulpl ll. M hnn uh n h h n ul ll A tl t C: n lng Byln h n Julm, h n l. w n gh ghu gh, h n nghun hly lnhp. Cnly ugnly n pu h mpn h huh n h gpl pln G: h Jnhn Lmn m mny mpn nun.

n h h hn, h Bl pplu h n nly mny nul, u n n nulm. T p h n u gn h pnn h , h Cl h ,G m h munn, h h n lnly pph h pn hml h hn yng ulu, ll p G u nul h l h l h G ln hhl. F ll h Ju mm m y n nng h n pl,h humn lnn hm h u gn h gn l nmy. i h n ln,

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, h y, h []h Fh h n l m ln. H hml n h h h ll hmmu h h mh n hn unmguu mn h n mly nn llpn llgn h ngm n h ng. T g pl h huh, Pul, n

h u jn y m h huh h hlp un, u h n hm mgpl lyly, n mn nnng nh pl gn h plng n n h huh h hn ng (Gl 2:1114). Bh hn huh p n huln n hn hy lhgy unly puu n n ly, h xl Ch hllng individualshn uh huh m, hul ( 23). wh ul h huh yhu G-gn g Ahnu n Luh?

Y hn i n h mpl y n pnng n gn n, un m mn.

First, i gn up h h plm l n ng muh gh n h category nulm. T h humn ng ll up nyhng n yhng uh,nlung both nulm andmmunnm/llm. t n ll h ng n

n n pl h h nly n, llly n hlly h-gh. Clly n mphn nulm can h y n n: n n ng hng my y -hn G, hp myl n l; qully lly, n mph n mmunnm canalso h y n n, ul Bl n ll pg. Clly n nulm h lu Ch can h y n gly l- n hul h gpl; qullylly, n mph n mmunnm h mn h n-tnn l G hnh l G l-ugh ppl can also h y n hul Chn xn(Jhn 17), ng G hml n h ll l. T unmnl u n h py hnul gn h mmuny, h . T unmnl u hh nuln mmun l h l n h n l, y h g h gpl, n jyul umn u M, m, pnl ul, n mng Jug. t pl h hlgl nlyy unng nulm n h pmy gymn, n m ulu, y lng nulm n l h g l gh h G mnn h mu mn Chnunnng h unmnlly gh n ng.

Second, nh y gng h m hng nguh nulm m lm. inh Te Real American Dream: A Meditation on Hope,8 An ln uln h pulhy h Un n h g: (1) G, hh n h nly un m PunN Engln h my, p ung hh mny mn n mn p n hn G gly; (2) Nn, unnng m h my unl h G y npng wwii, p ung hh m n m ppl un y m h l G n nh h hp n pn n g nn; n (3) l, unnng m h

G y h pn m, p n hh mny h l h h n G nh n g nn, uh h ll h hp n n h py hzn l, gl h nhngly mll n npl unng Am mmunl l. i up ml nlyul h Un kngm, h lghly n m l, h h ngy, h G y, pl y h Bh Emp.

L ll uh nly, u, h n, n hl nnng n numu n, n. u m lm n hpply, mly, -x h n: n n h

8 Cmg, MA: H Uny P, 2000.

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h n h n kh my lu M l, n n hl Ju hng h h pl my qul h ll n h gh hn h l n h ngm. En u h muh nmpy wn ulu unly l-, h gl h hn

pnl p, pnl lh, n pnl plu, h mn h uh gl n xlyunnn un h Bh Emp. Cnly, n h g l, uh gl my pu y mny ppl y, mny hm Chn, h n m h l un mhng m nnnl gnn hn hnm.

Bu h lg plm h h nly l: () lm n nly h m nulm, n hugh h l qunly h h uh h m. lm unnnlly lh; nulm my my n lh. () in pul, h lm h lnnly qunly h l y pnng ugg nulm, h n nu h mnly h h muh m n mmn h lly nug mmunnm.B g ng ll u nn, h mg h Ml Mnugh, ln, nn,, hunh yppl ll h yp h Amn l ugg nulm,

n Ml l mlln g ll h ul- hun hnng nm h l.C mnuu p h pu y yng nn yu h h hl ll ng uh l yun u h n qun m pu. in h , h mph nl-ulllmn n ng n ply ugg nulm h h n ppl, nhl h u h h n ppl h m nm myhl, mmuny-hnu.

in h, n -hn h ln n nulm n lm. Unl yu nm Aynn, lm unlly g hng; nulm my my n g hng.

Tird, n ll m n h ng uh n u p. Bgn h n yy Phl Myl, tuh, tln n tynny.9 Ml gn y ulnng n h nl myh u m. Ang h myh, y lly m ln hl xl, nn-gm, n mulln nn uh; nly, y lly m inln h hl lu uh, uh h nxl, unnng. in h , ynny n lnn hml n pnnl l, n hh pl umph lgly h npn uhh un.

Bu h myh pu ly? i h myh u? Ml h h h:

T ly h un ju h opposite h h n l l.Pu mply, ynny n h nl um n lu uh, u ,h, h pu relativism. L, ln n m lmu m h y hng h u y nhmzh l n lu.10

i ul lng ly u h l Ml gumn. u y h h hl h

mny u g hnng u h hng nppp. in p, h gu y uy. H gn h Jpn, uny h h l mny y. in m wn ulu, ln h h h Enlghnmn, hh ugh u ly u xpn n g: hn, ull nn-lu, hz y mn, h, h ; h h hz ylu, jy, n, lgl hugh, n uh. T g muully xlu.

9kategoria 22 (2001): 727.10 i., 8.

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T n gy h mn h ynny n j uh. By n, Jpn ng h g gh n y h ul jug nmpl n m h wn l: nh n hn, hu py n l pnng nhnng hy lm, n n h h,

uhl un pn n pll mhnn. T h h g -x n npn h h n Jpn p h m Jpn m myu hwn . in ly, Ml gu, h n ll h n nglh lgnmn, g un n h uuyx nmu p n nly ppmnn. T n n pu h n m n j-. Tng n lm uly n Jpn, u h ln h h h hl p u nl h l hnh hm.11 T ll n l l ng n h ppl; n , hppl x h n ulu, n mnn h mpny hh pn lng. inJpn ulu, h ll nn gh n ng n lu m; ll nn hh n Jpn n. in h n, Jpn y l.., h ghpn n h un n hh yu n yul, mn y h l xpn yu

pn n h p uu. Ml ,

Jpn y p ng h qu n un n ng ngly.T n mun y wn uply, u mply h y lmu l h ll l. tuh l m mly l nu. iyy l mhng u, h p h y h , hn h pl pup ly l, u. A h Jpn y, gn lgh yn gh.12

in h , Jpn uy n hh n lm pn up h n l ynny h mly un h gnn h nul n h quhnulm. Ml gu h n h ulu, h , y, unmguu n j

ml l hh individuals ul ppl, h ul qu h un plymn l n pll p. i h absence uh j n h m h ppn h ulu pl.

Tugh n p Ml gumn, n mgh h n h nh nuy hg pll uhng nulm u un Mxm n Fm. Bh ply nnly u u m ppgn mhn p ppl ly n ln h h py gm.tuh h Jph Gl ( nn) .

in h lgh uh u, n m h nulm h n m pnllyynnl (yn h gh n h n y) my, n h n l, lnly ul nng h m l n pll ynn yng, Enugh! Bu h hn h ml u uh n ll m ymlly l h gy

j uh. My n m png.Fourth, mng h, h ly hn h g l n pm n Chn

un-ulul nulm m n pun Chn mmunnm ll pn, nn mll p, n h hn G. Ang Byl Uny p Pul F nChph B n h Americas Four Gods: What We Say about Godand What Tat Says

11 i., 11.12 i., 1112.

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about Us,13 h u mnn pn. Alhugh h nly unn n h Un, i up h ml ul ul h up h m nly puu n h Uk nmny h wn nn. t h u n G hy ny, F n B

gn y ng qun: () t h xn G n h h l? () t h xn G jug h l? T n h qun, hy , p h un ul muh hn h l u n, h z u n un, h pll py lng , hh h n Bn.14 n hy h nlyz h, hy h h u npn G h mn h Amn lnp:

(1) h uh G, h h jug n lly ngg h h l;

(2) h nln G, h ngg u nn-jugmnl;

(3) h l G, h jugmnl u ngg;

(4) h n G, h nh ngg n jugmnl.

u, h xnmy lm, n php mnpul. ul hully

uul. Bu upp j h G n ngu unm. upp un h G h Bl, h G h ully uh n ngg, u l mpn nnln. upp un h G h jug h p ju u h n h n u n n h n y n h . upp u unnng G m luh h up u ulul pn. wll n n h h uh h h G nlh Chn h ulu n m Chn un-ulu, mmuny G ppl nhh pl ng n h g G u ? wll n j n hpx h l l h h Chn plhp? w up u ; nyng, l; n gng, ; hn , ng. Nn h pn g u ulu pp u h ll lu G. Bu hn h pu u, h nghn uh nully n n h nx u huh n up h ug, humly, n nnn pn y m h pp g u g.

in h, ugnly n pnnlly n nly h l n lh nhh nulm nyhng ln m n h w G, n ll mphnn n gpl u, h w h n ll uy tynl Hu nun h l.

13 N Y: x Uny P, 2010.14 i., 10.

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M i N i t Y E P t

tl Buy, Buy, n h Pln tl Carl rueman

Carl rueman is Academic Dean, Vice President o Academic Aairs, and Pro-essor o Historical Teology and Church History at Westminster Teological

Seminary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

th pn g n g plm, hlgl n, n ll-un nl -u , , ny l, , n h m lng p Chny.A ll, hl h ulu ll pl u n gn n hm-

ph, gnlly g pu mng Chn n h mny ngl nn n h h pn, h h pn u nly ppnl h m n h hl pl n p pyhlgl nu h mn. T h ulu h m, y n lg, h h huh; plm u yl.

Y plm h pu m mmn g uy n huh hy, n hul nl h mn ulul nphy lgu ny ln u h . i n mhnun h, l i m mun, n nguh n uy n plm. T ill h plm h, n h Y, l uy n. Y ng u h

E Upng n uln n u h y h h u ih nnl npnn g, n mmn xpl ln, l, ghnng gnu mn h h, up h pn,up munn mmn--gn j.

Chuh hy h mmn h l uy n. A xmpl, n mgh mnnCnnnpl, 381, h hl nuy mm ln mpl n ll n l n h l nn h tny. Tn h wm n 1521, h Luh, hnn un y h G, m h ugu n gn h m huhn mp. n mgh hn Bnh, gng quly h n Gmn pn mp, hngu mpm h lyly Ch h lyly u gm. T h n;u ll mgnn n h n y n m y h n ln n-Chn p hh hy h y.

My mu ul--hum n jugng uh l uy mpl: h n llymgnn u i ul n h n nl myl, hn qul l uy. T n lm puly uj m, u m . u, i n m h h gh Cnnnpl h mn nng h gpl wm h Luhn p ng hng nn , u i p G h n m. tl hlgl uy ll l lmly uy: xmpl, h l wl mgnn (h Englh hly h 1980 n l h h ll h p n hy ln h hugh uhng h Fnh n uh y?) u h n h gh mn ul h n gh n h l? Bl, l

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hlgl n, g n uul n p, n yu n h yu n nyu mng m u l.

T nh n plml uy, h, n h n h yu mgh n n

n plml unl xpln uh. m h m uul ln n huhhy h n pnn ply uul, qu, plm. i m hnng h plly h qun n n h Hlg Chm. B h hugh y nh g-umn mly hl n u y glz , hn m muh n ng yn, n nn un h h, h h h Hlg hmully y:

Question 1. wh yu nly m n l n h?

Answer: T i h y n ul, h n l n h, m n my n, u lngun my hul u Ju Ch; h, h h pu l, h ully ll my n, n l m m ll h p h l; n p m

h hu h ll my hnly Fh, n h n ll m my h; y, hll hng mu un my ln, n h, y h Hly p, H lu m nl l, n m m nly llng n y, hnh, lun hm.

T my n un y plml; n , m lly h pl; u m n m, nh nx h xnh nuy, y plml mn.

A h pl h h Pn mn ly h n un, h hy nul l ul nn, hul nh G gu hm. T l u, h m ghly , ly h h h Chn l, l hh m n y n n l mnn n h hp hy nng G u, u hy n u gu G h g, n n p nn m. MlChlm ul upn n gy, h u G nul my mn yhh p l n h gh n n, p. whn h Hlg Chm h mn u un, l ng Chlm n h hlgl hn.

T gnn ng ln n Pn n Chl m h mn hpn y. i m n n l u h Pn hul pn Chl n. Mypn uully l. F, ppp (n, n, u nhng) nlgh mny g hng h Chlm h p h nu, n l h n h tny n innn. w h mmn hl hg, n n hh hy n lu m hn ngll , hy n h p ppn hy n h nmp ln nul n mpn h h huh hl.

Y, ll h g l hlgy, h h n m Pnm Chlm mhng ul: h jy l, ngll un. u, n unn hh un hh h Hlg Chm p n h n un mmn n uChn ulu y: h h G n-h, nmnl hp, h lln humn ng n lly ll h ll, n h h n h y yhng ll un u h .N ll. mn un Puln un: n ul, uly l n unng;u n h glu g, G hml h m h munn h n n, gn ll hp n

Mny p


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xpn, l u hugh Ch l, h, n un, ln h m uy g hugh h.

T l nng p h h n n ngll qu u h

mn ng . M u h lu mny h h u uh h n n h h nn n hu un m. Pl n lu m uh mn ng m, u ll h n n ng l nglgl, yuhuh mmmn m n h. i yu uly l h m n n n u,h h ug yu nn.

T n hng h n m h gnl lu h u un u n n Pn n Chl. i lly n m m nym, l h yng un h mn = nn. ng, nl h mnp n ll uly nl pl p y. Tu, gu h h mn gu h un n m nym. My upn h h h n hlgln, n u h n h l h n, u u h hl nn

un, n h l h, h m nnn m Chn. An h p lgu l h h l un (h hln G n h un n) n lng ny mj nqun. i un n n u, lly u yu h u-ll G hln n u-Puln humn n; n h h , hn hnhng n n Pn n Chl hul n u m jng h; h, p h ulzn n h lln h Chn mn. i plm nh l uy, mm n-plm n p n ju pln l.

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Fn n tuh n h l

tmn wm Lu Daniel J. Estes

Dan Estes is dean o the school o biblical and theological studies at Cedarville Uni-versity in Cedarville, Ohio. His publications include Hear, My Son: eaching andLearning in Proverbs 19 (New Studies in Biblical Teology 4; IVP, 1997); Hand-book on the Wisdom Books and Psalms: Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song oSongs (Baker, 2005); and Te Songs o Songs, in Ecclesiastes and the Song o Songs

(Apollos O Commentary; IVP, 2010).

n h m-nh nuy ll hl h nngly p h h x hBl mu np n m h ly gn.1 Mny n , ngng m Fn u gnl pm, How to Read the Bible or All Its Worth, ng plzm, Te Poetics o Biblical Narrative,2 h nm n un n hl h Bl nng ng gn n. Numu l n mngph h xpl h -ll n, py, plm, m, l, pphy, plyp, n pl hul np.T nly p gn mpn, u C , h gl gn u ny l lu h ll l unnl nn ny gn p h my lng h l.3 n gn, h, h nl y h lly n nn h m

ll hl n mgn lu. A m m n n un l-l pl,4 h nl lu h Bl, n n pul h t, h n n n xmn.

i mu nlg h u h h y nn n mguu. Fn n h l, hn n h uh ng hn n. Ung h n hm, mny l ln n n n n h Bl. F xmpl, Lmh guh h Bl m u n h nuly h m lmny hl .5 Fm

1 Lln yn, T Bl n Lu: A B Hy, nA Complete Literary Guide to the Bible (.Lln yn n tmp Lngmn; Gn p: Znn, 1993), 5765.

2 Gn . F n ugl u, How to Read the Bible or All Its Worth (3 .; Gn p:Znn, 2003); M ng, Te Poetics o Biblical Narrative (inn Ly Bll ; Blmng-

n, iN: inn Uny P, 1985).3 Gg w. C, Gn: why hul Ty B impn Exg? n Saga, Legend, ale, No-

vella, Fable: Narrative Forms in Old estament Literature (. Gg w. C; Jtup 35; hl: hlAm P, 1985), 8.

4 T n hugh uy h pl y klyn ng, Stories with Intent: A ComprehensiveGuide to the Parables o Jesus (Gn p: Emn, 2008), 142, pn n xlln nun hgun h pl Ju, n h uh n h g ll nl lu.

5 Nl P Lmh, N Pp n h Hy il, n Perspectives on the Study o the Oldestament and Early Judaism (. Flnn G Mnz n E N; tup 73; Ln: Bll, 1998), 44.

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nly ngll pn, Blmg hl h m m nh n n nhn h nn h n h Bl hl n un h hh ully hppn; h pp n.6 mlly, ng hlhp n h Gpl, Chln nlu, T

nn n n n l h h h ny n h h g hGpl hl n h h g hm myhl.7 H, Chn nly hGpl gn h gun n Hlln gphy lu h ln n n n hnh , T uy nn gphy m l h Chn n ln n h ul h ln n n n n h n pnn h h. Ty ul hn ln h hy n mply n n h n u h h, n nn gphy, Chn nn-Chn.8 in h p, ng Alxn h lyChn mply llng h p n nnn h y.9

T nn n pn h n h nn n h x Englh ny:T hh mgnly nn; gn xn, n, hng; nnn pp . in h n, n h nu u pn hugh ul. T n

h h hl-l n uh, h , gnun, l xn. Fn, hn, n h n n pn h xnl l h pup u h y nn y mpng xnl .

T , h, nh lngnng n ll- n n, h x Englhny l n h m h p lu hh nn h h nn mgny n n h pu mgny h. A ly n h ng H,h mu n Teogony 2628 h yng n h llng m: Fl-llng hph,l g, m ll, n h y mny lh h l h uh, n n,hn h, h h u. Alhugh hl np h ln nly, Bnlyz h mn h gu h h mu h n png l h l n ml, mnly hugh y h ll u, u h gy py h uly nl, n h n h h p nh lyng n lng nuly hl, u . . . llng y h h h m up l ly hu lmng h is ly.10

H ummz h n n y xu Empu n g hy, lgn,n n. Ang xu Empu, hy h ng hng h u n, hn,ully hppn. Lgn h nn n h h n hppn n, hn, l.Fn h nng hng h n l u ml l n n h nn.11Am h m un ly , ulng n h xnh-nuy ppl y Phlp

C. h un y M Z Bl, T N Bll Hgphy, nIsraels Past in Present Research (.. Phlp Lng; u Bll n Tlgl uy 7; wnn L, iN: Enun, 1999), 4748.

6 Cg L. Blmg, Te Historical Reliability o the Gospels (2n .; n G: iP, 2007), 19n12.7 Bu Chln,Beginning New estament Study (Gn p: Emn, 1986), 22.8 J. Bly Chn, Fn n Ann Bgphy: An Apph n iu n Gpl inp-

n,PRS18 (1991): 14142.9 Ly Alxn, F, Fn n h Gn A,NS44 (1998): 38687.10 E. L. B, L, Fn n ln n Ely G Py, nLies and Fiction in the Ancient World

(. Chph Gll n t. P. wmn; Aun: Uny tx P, 1993), 2021.11 Chl w. H, lm n wn N n h Gpl M: A Plgmnn,JBL 126

(2007): 349.

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ny, hl h nn mnngul ng h ul ny, nnnlu, u h, n n h nnn mplly h y h uh n n, hy n pu n , n h n uj h n

uh ly h ppl nn nnnl u.12 tuh n h gn nllu, hn, n h mplly l, u h n u hn pulnpul ym, hh n n lgl l, , n h L Nn tln Ml Eh, u h lh h uh mgnn. T uh lm n,hn, n n m h m n l n. in h ll n, uh n p ly h l hn h un n mnn n h m mu p y h p m mpl n.

Fn, hn, h n n h n mu ul n n nu. n hn hn, h hl hl n h nu hn mu y mplly l . n h h hn, h ly hl n u p h gn mgn lu h nuly mmun pnpl h h uh n u hn

npul m. A ng nhnly l, wh pp n hgphy n h h n u h npnn uly.13

in h y, n n ly n u n n hh h mgn n h Bl h n mp n mmun p pul hl uh.Ju ul, hl n qunly mply n h Bl h h G h l humn, h gn nl n u h m pup.14 By ng n h llhlhp n ly u n, h y n hng: (1) mnh xn h gn nl mgn lu n h Bl, pully h t; (2)ng h ly g mply n nl n; (3) y nlyz nl my n h lgh h g n n ng; (4) u h h m El n J my pluly mgn lu; n (5) m nlun nmpln mny n uh h.

1. Examples o Biblical Fiction

T Bl ull h ng m l nn-nl un n h myh uh nnn. yn n,

T n h Bl x n pum. A n n h gmn n hh l nly h u h hppn. H h hl umnympul gn. A h h n n hh h mg h n nun l h n h xpn n u mgnn. T h

12 M. H. Am, A Glossary o Literary erms (7h .; Bn: Hnl n Hnl, 1999), 95; . PLmqu,Fictional Points o View (ih: Cnll Uny P, 1996), 25.

13 ng, Te Poetics o Biblical Narrative, 26.14 Gn E h,Reading between the Lines: A Christian Guide to Literature (whn: Cy,

1990), 11819, n ll: m lu n l mlhugh h hul l h mn h hn h hpng. m lu n ny mlhugh h hul l h ly h n l n h ply h mgnn. lm n ny p-n n ly pph, h hh ngnl Chny.

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ll n m h n n, h m uly n ll ly n.15

whn h m n u n h ly n lngug h mn m h mgnnh hn ng l pn xnl , hn numu xmpl ly n nh Bl n u. in y n, y mph hnlly ly n u l h n llly u. F xmpl, n P 23:1 Yhh h plm hph nly n nn-ll n, n n P 91:1 h plm n nn-ll h h. B-E h n mph h u n nn-ll n, h ng mly u n nnuy n ll n nn-ll mnng, n h hng hh h n n ll n nn-ll mnng lng mplly n n p ph.16

M ly h pn, nl ng l n n hnul l n h t. Flpn ml pnpl y ng humn u nml pln,17 n n ng m mpn n n n ly n nh.18 T l y Jhm n Jug 9:815 n

y Jhh n 2 kg 14:810 (p. 2 Ch 25:1719) l xmpl nn-ll lngug ng un l mmun h p pn.

Aplyp lu n h h t n Nt pl h nn-ll pn. Muh hnn Ezl, nl 712, Zhh, n ln 422 pn n ny m, nhh llg n pu mpnlly n mnl pn n h . Tpyl n l n nn n pmly l pn nmh mn; h hy mgn n gn uh h h h y mplyng nl gy.

Bll n l pn y pl. Ang h Gpl, Ju qunly ugh ypl, n llly pyng p -nuy Plnn l,19 h mpul uh u h ngm G unnl h pp l hm n

u h m uh m h h n nln p hm (M 4:1012).20

i llyh h pl nlu n h xn x h Nt nu nly ln h h Junn n l n h hly hng mny.

Alhugh pl l qun n h t hn n h Gpl un, h l lxmpl h n mgn y.21 mn pn mlly h h ll

15 Lln yn, Words o Delight: A Literary Introduction to the Bible (2n .; Gn p: B,1992), 45.

16 hmn B-E, Narrative Art in the Bible (Bl n Lu 17; Jtup 70; hl:Almn, 1989), 209.

17 kn J. Ch, T t, h B n h B: Fl, Pl n Allg n h l t-

mn, n Wisdom in Ancient Israel(. Jhn y l; Cmg: Cmg Uny P, 1995), 214.18 Ann M. lmn, Fl, n Saga, Legend, ale, Novella, Fable: Narrative Forms in Old estamentLiterature (. Gg w. C; Jtup 35; hl: hl Am P, 1985), 118.

19 Chl w. H,Parables as Poetic Fictions (Py, MA: Hnn, 1994), 3.20 Gn . n, Te Hermeneutical Spiral(2n .; n G: iP, 2006), 29496.21 C. h uy y Jhn uy, Te Parables in the Gospels: History and Allegory (N Y: C,

1985), 720, n Cg A. En, Pl n Ely Jum, n Te Challenge o Jesus Parables (. h N.Lngn; MM N tmn u; Gn p: Emn, 2000), 5462, ll h mp-hn uy y ng, Stories with Intent.

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jul pl u hy jug h h.22 T m pmnn h pl h y h p mn , n l y Nhn n 2 m 12:14 n h uul mp p nlg h n h Bhh. By ung l lngug h nl h h h y

n pl, Nhn mgnly n h n n hu n h ng g lgl jugmn n h . Nhn n llng h nl pl llnly, m mnlly nl n h y h h n hml h n gul. Flmnnlu h xlln nly h n h h mn:

A mg , h pl u, nl, n u. T ng h plyp h p nl h, .. ly n mm n pm-up, u h n n ml y h nng h pph n n p nn. i u p, n h ny, mn mplly hn hm, n h h h uh n pn hm ply n ngg hm. whl mgn hy h lly u, h uh ly ng n hm. Fm Nhn pn

, n, m unnl n y ly , h l hl h uh n, hlgn y, ln.23

in n Al pn hlly ul pl (Rhetoric 2.20), h t pl yplly mgn n h n mny y plll h pl u y n h lgu Pl.24

T y u n n m y, hh n mny y h h u n g h jul pl. n n m n P 24:3034 n n P 37:25, 3536, ll nh nn-ll xmpl n 33:1617 n 51:1316. H mmn,

H nly h, h, nl yl m n hh h h ul. . . lh h nun, n hh l ll ng xn n lg un.u mn n n h gph h ll uh hul n, h, ml, h ly lng h gnun xpn; ny hypp n hghly nnnlz m.25

T m y n , ll h n E 4:1316 n 9:1318, n h yn P 7:623, hh ll xmn n h uy, m y h uh -pn un.By h mn, h uh ln n lm h n hugh n hh h pnlly n. gnn l n h x, h, nlung qun nhyhm lngug, ngly ugg h h n mg m h uh mgnn hhn m h mpl n. A uh, hy n mp n h pnpl m.

22 Ul mn, T P Mn E-Lm: An Exmpl Jul Pl,Bib 48 (1967): 20742.23 Jn P. Flmn,Narrative Art and Poetry in the Books o Samuel(u m Nln 20; A-

n: Gum, 1981), 81; . Mhl . M, w wmn wm wmn? A Bll uy wmnl,Restoration Quarterly 35 (1993): 153.

24 uy, Te Parables in the Gospels, 8.25 Gh n , Wisdom in Israel(1970; n. Jm . Mn; Lnn: CM, 1972), 38.



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2. Strategies o Fictional Narratives

B xmn P 7:2633 n xmpl ll n, nl n h

uh nl n p n h g hz h gn. A n n g nl n, qun mg.

2.1. How Does Imaginative Literature each ruth through Fiction?

in n ng, h uh u n p ml ly nnn. F xmpl, hn y l gn h n upn m n n h n hy l hpply , nh n up n lng nml, pmh, n nln . t n uly qu m l n h g nnn upn hh, n gnhh, h nul p.26 whn n un h n n h Bl, h, nly y n h ly nnn h ul h n h y h gnl uh n hun m y g.

All n m ng pl uhl pn , u n n pulxn h h uh l n up h pn l mnn. Bu h uh n l n ll yn h ul ly l, mgn n ln h nnl hugh n m h h. A Bh , n h m ulyl h yll h gng nh h u h n n ll h mn n h. wh u my u h nul y ll y, unmly pn hn h uh ll u h n n n -ll l lul ply n.27

A u n, n l m y h hzn. T lpmn h n h y h xpl n mpl mn. Alhugh u m pn,n yplly l h y . B-E xpln h gnn h n gy:

n n nn nu m n xnl h n n pn h h nn h hn pllng u h . in ll n n h mmn hzn, n n ll h pmly hugh h y hy nyng un.28

n h m pmnn mn y hh mgn lu h uh y mplyngu m mguy. L ully xpn mplx, u n nl l un ll n l pl mnngul pn.29 T pully h hn hh qu m n, n h ln pn h n

26 Al, Te Art o Biblical Narrative (N Y: B B, 1981), 47.27 wyn C. Bh, Te Rhetoric o Fiction (2n .; Chg: Uny Chg P, 1983), 3; .

Jhn w. ,Interpreting the Parables: A Hermeneutical Guide to Teir Meaning(u n Cnmpy in-pn; Gn p: Znn, 1995), 161.

28 B-E,Narrative Art in the Bible, 77.29 M. Gunn n nn Nln Fll, Narrative in the Hebrew Bible (x: x Uny

P, 1993), 103.

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nhl ml n.30 By h mn, n un u n mmun np, n h pul n h y nu n h unl pnpl.

2.2. Wh Is Fiction Emploed Rather Tan a Factual Record?

Anh y h n qun wh ng n p nn-n? Al h u n On Poetics 9:

T nn n hn n p n n h n ng p n h h . . . ; n lly n h, h h n h hng h h n, n hh n hng h mgh . Hn py mhng m phlph n g mp hn hy, n mn h nu h unl,h h hy ngul.

Bu n n nn y h ul n hy, hy l uuppn n y h mmun h mg h pml . T uung ppn

uully m n h n mplyng h u h n l l h mplx, h h n hm m lly. in lyng n l gumnn m pn, huh mpl pu l h hlp h n h y. Bu ly uu ppn, n h h ng ng l pn uh h hgh g ly. By h mn, n npul . . . h unmnl lu h ung h m mplxn n mu m n l l.31 Fuhm, nl pyl ln hml unuuln h hghlgh h u n .

T pup h nl pnn l h ppn h ynung y h ml, n hugh mgn gn. 32 T mply n y nl , m, ully ln mu mguy hm, n h y mguuh n qu u mn y h . h hn mly ng pnpl

h n ply, h n mpl h hn hugh h u h hn n h y, hu mng h ly nl n h p ng uh.33By mn n h uh l h n pun mnl nlmn h hy. A ul h nnn h h h n pl h n, l h hyl, j n h gln, g h n pp n h n xpn.34 Tnn nn h h nl x l nully n h pn h xpl mpl njunn h uh.35 Hn, n n h pul pu u h

30 C. Cl A. Nm, Te Book o Job: A Contest o Moral Imaginations (x: x UnyP, 2003), 50.

31 Nm, Te Book o Job, 46.32 h,Reading between the Lines, 120.33 Al, Te Art o Biblical Narrative, 12.34 B-E,Narrative Art in the Bible, 47.35 un un ulmn, Authoritarian Fictions: Te Ideological Novel as a Literary Genre (Pnn:

Pnn Uny P, 1983), 3233; ng, Te Poetics o Biblical Narrative, 42930; l P nAlln ul, Rhetoric and Biblical Interpretation (Bl n Lu 26; hl: hl AmP, 1990), 49.



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hn png m gn nun, pn n n mpllng n h nh ml mgnn.36

in n, y ll, nl plul, n h u mul ppl

hm hn hy mgh l g gn nn-nl x. png ll nn gnl, yn h nung ppl n h ly unmnl humn mpul:

T h ully l n mnlly mlu. Ty nggh mpul h h humn yng jnn n mgnn, n myy. T h Bl nuh u n h n--hly n h m-hn-hly. Ty ppl h h p u h mlypln n h h n h p u h h hn. 37

3. Analysis o Proverbs 7:623

H h m y n P 7:623 h uh hugh h gn n? T ymn ng nl u h h xh h n, pupl, l m. T mg h ng mn plll n p h lngug wmn wmn hp 8, h mn y n h nng ppl h yuh nhp 9. T n h nhl g h mn nl m. i lgnn h h u mppp h lngug m, h l h yuh yh pu (leqah) n 7:21, n n h p n leqah n 1:5; 4:2; 9:9;16:21, 23. in 7:12 h lung y n, h m m ( rab) h u n1:11 h ppl h yuh y ln yung mn h pln h nnn. Bh mpnn h u pplng l ng h ml un. T ng mn lppp lngug h u n h ng ng h nuu nmy hn G-hnng lnhp.38

in n xplng l ml ly nnn, h nl y l xn huhl pn . whn h m h h np mmny n 7:15 n2427, h uh p yn h ul h n gnzl y n . H l n h mn ul m (7:10) n h py pn (7:1112) h nh h hh h ppn h yuh n 7:15. ugg h h m nsuratu h h n 7:10 n gu, l, l, l n 2:8, 11, hnh pn n gu l l h, n h n ply gnunlnhp.39 T uh l l qu h h yuh, hh n mu up ulh n pn upuly h hn hn h h.

36 gn Gun, ending the Heart o Virtue (N Y: x Uny P, 1998), 20.37 yn, Words o Delight, 39.38 F p plll, C. Jn, wm Pggy: A Cmpn P ii n

4Q184, V53 (2003): 7071. Exmpl nlu myh (ng 4:6; 5:5), l (4:14), nnmn (4:14), l-mng (5:18), n ng n h n n h qu (5:67). T m pn xpun ll y nlGg, t kn xul lnhp n h H Bl,Hebrew Studies 35 (1994): 89.

39 Elln F. ,Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song o Songs (wmn Bl Cmpnn; Lull:wmn Jhn knx, 2000), 60.

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in hzng h u, h h u h xpl n mpl mn hh l. in h np nun, h ll n ul n y (7:5). inn 5:1520, h unnng u h un mg, n hu h zr. in h

h pp hugh h pu (7:10), n hugh n h m mn(7:5, 1920). T uh pn h n pmuy (7:1112) n u y h hh n lulng n ng h p n lul yung mn (7:13).40 in n hlngug muuly h pmn n h ng ng,41 h ll h lng n lng hm h un (7:1423). Mng u h l pn n pln pn, hu hm jn h n n mml y. t mpl m, ng L 7:1921 h m h ng ul n n n ul unlnn, hn h mn llng hyuh h h h llhp ng hm juxp h h xul ppn, h lppng n n h l h puln h M l.

By lng uh n unmguu ln n, h uh l h u n nqun. in h nlung hy , h h n h h h h

h pn y hh mny ppl h n ugh (7:2627). T y, hn, n ju p nn n hy, u nn n xmpl y h ppl ll yn h pul nul.

why P 7 mply n h hn ul ? By nnng l u mgnn, h uh l uu n u ppn. Em hn p npm (7:15, 2427), h nl m y n nl gnn lng h lguu h P. T ng mn h nh h h hm h yungmn hul xhl (5:1520), h hy mn 31:1031, 42 n wmn wmhl (h. 89). M, y nung h y h p l, h uh l pn n unuully mpng nn, h ulll p ppuny umpuu ml, h nny h luxuu pn pn h lu h x,43 n hhun n mnh h ply n.44 Bh n h pn h u n nh gy h uh, y lmn lul mxmum mp.45

Tugh n h uh l l u pn h hn xplnn m hmpn pn h mpllng . T pg gn h n h yung mn mnllynng h y hugh h y n h n h hu h u. T u hn ln h mn, h m u n h pu h ggly hm. t h ulpu, un h mn , llu, mp, n n h yuh m h uln ll h. A h pn, h n uh p n np h lmy h h h mgnly n.

40 M Hjmn, wh wul Blm H? T ng wmn P 7, nRefections on Te-ology and Gender(. Fln n j-Hmm n Ahly Bnn; kmpn: k Ph, 1994), 23.

41 h Cl,Proverbs (tL; Lull: wmn Jhn knx, 1999), 87.42 C. h numu l plll n Jn, wm Pggy, 74, nlung h nly t

u h H m marbaddm n P 7:16 n 31:22.43 . N. whyy,Proverbs (NCBC; Gn p: Emn, 1994), 115.44 khln Fm, Who Knows What Is Good?(innnl Tlgl Cmmny; Gn p:

Emn, 1991), 49.45 ,Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song o Songs, 6061.



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T lngug h h uh pl n h muh h ng mn lul l h ppn. in ggly nng h un n llgng h h ngju hm (7:15), h ply n h ml ny ng ly y nuu mn.46

Fuhm, h u ppl ll h n n llumn h hlmngn h h x. By plng h n h muh, h uh u h lh pul h n ll.

T mgn y n 7:623 mn h g ng h n p nn-n. T gph pn h mn nn xul lgh p mm n h mgnly n h un.47 By ung mpllng pnn lly h py upn h xul ulnly yung mn, h uh mgnly l h h g , h hy ll nlg h n h h nng m.

By nung uny l h un yuh h l muy n m, huh n hn unm h pul un n ju y n mml mn, u y llyl. T nl y, hn, nn qup h yuh np h u mpn h

lly pn, hugh lnhmn, n pn ly pnl .T g

l n h p p n h ly nu mgnly hmn gm n u nn, h h nng ny n yhmz nun, u y nung h yung mn n h y h ln ngng hm h mn hu, n h hm h h p nh nly l ll y h uh p.48

4. Ecclesiastes and Job as Imaginative Literature

T l np h m y n P 7:623 n h h m hplly mp mmun yung mn n pully pn y h ng nhn nh pul llumn lly. Mng xn u h lngug, nnn, n g mgn lu, h uh n n h ml mgnn h h hul pn uum h lu lly h hn hng h y m.

Alhugh h uy h u n n m y, nlun my ll h mpln h t m x. n lg l, ul h h ugphlu n El gnl h u n p nl nnn; n h , h n xmply l lg.49 T ul mpl h Lngmn nn h gn

46 Gg, t kn xul lnhp n h H Bl, 12, n ll: H h mn h l n h n n h pm . T yung mn lgly p n upn, h hp mhly, m hm, u, llu; h lu, h g, h , h nly,h n hm, h h uh, h pnl h , n hm n ply l n l n l,h y hm, h l hm y, n h mny . in n h nnn -hng n,ll pm y h mn, h m m h yung mn h uj m u . . . .

47 Mhl . Fx,Proverbs 19 (AB 18A; N Y: uly, 2000), 252.48 wllm Mkn,Proverbs (tL; Phllph: wmn, 1970), 332.49 L G. Pu,Proverbs (inpn; Lull: Jhn knx, 2000), 135.

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El m m ugphy, lhugh ul n n h p lynnn h nl An ugphl x.50

A ul np qun h J h lnhp h n ul

hy.51 h h ll un lmy h hlm J pm n pl, lng h h np h ul pn y J n h n hyn m m h h gy? h mlh llumn m nungnn ung xpn/un y y nlgy?52 T hy h Jmu n j n a priori gun. T ll llun J n Ez 14:14, 20 n Jm 5:11 n h h nl h, u h hy hm ju n hl guul n. T qun h hl uln h J, hn, h y ul nn h xul n h .

T pnng pgph J u ly pn h n l plll h n hln (1 m 1:1) n n mgn pl (2 m 12:1). wh ngung h h uh h u il n h ln Uz, n h nu J mn h n n h nn

mly. T nun p J mly n pn n l m. J hml py h pm ghun (1:1), n mn h n y Yhh (1:8;2:3). Alhugh h n n n, h l h nl h hn h hpnn h Bylnn tlmu B B 15 n Mmn (Guide or the Perplexediii:22) h J pl ul ll n h gn h .

Anl nnl n m m h p lgu h nu h mj n h J. T qul h pm pp xpln y numnhp h hn y ul pnny, hh l Ah nlu h h mn y h x l p n hghly mpn, mplyng lngug hh ul nnmlly u y pn png xmpnuly n l l un. 53 T n gnnl n h lgu ugg h h n np ul, unpp nnn J n h n. T J, h, my ll xpln nly-np mgn lu, n hh h uh xpl h ly hm h plm l yng h n l uy n hn y nung ph h pn h y humn l h u. By h mn, h J l nn h nylmn nhn n ny ul humn xmpl n u n h hlgl u n mmphn mnn.

5. Conclusions and Implications

T l mn h h m y n P 7:623 nl nh xpl g h nnn mgn lu n pu h n

n unuully y. in n, ugg h h m El n J my

50 tmp Lngmn,Fictional Akkadian Autobiography (wnn L, iN: Enun, 1991), 4143;., Te Book o Ecclesiastes (NiCt; Gn p: Emn, 1998), 1720.

51 T llng h pgph p m h un h lu h J nnl J. E,Handbook on the Wisdom Books and Psalms (Gn p: B, 2005), 1617.

52 Jhn H. , J: An inun, CJ32 (1997): 444.53 Gln L. Ah,A Survey o Old estament Introduction (3 .; Chg: My, 1994), 509.



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ll xmpl ll n h hlgl uh h ul n xp ll h uh h n lm y h nn ul hl xpn.

T lnhp n lu n uh n nn n mplx qun, Lmqu

, ju h lu n h uh, h ln uh h ly lu, hhlu nlly n hl uh, n h uh mgh mn hn ppl n: h qun g h y h ly u.54 whn ng huj n n uh n h Bl, mny hl llg h h hl n h Bl ull lh. in lgh h nl h y h ll x, unnl hngll h hl h uhuln h Bl ul pn n h lln n xymn. T y, h, mn h h m n n n nly h l, u l n ly n h gn mgn lu. T m nlng h lng hy m nn m h pn y, n n n g hn nlyz n xpun y ly hl. whn l ll xmpl h u h gn nl lu u, xmpl n h pl Ju n n m uh

P 7:623, hn h xn mgn lu n h Bl mu nlg.Bu h mguy pn y h n n n h nun h n ly

n n h un, ll hl n xp mu n ply h hy mn hnhy p n n uh n h Bl. t hl n hugh hy lh nlz h x. n h h hn, n h x mp n h gn n (..,mgn lu) mu ll llz hm. Bh h pphl h Bl uly u hy n ng h n lygn. in, hl n hul ll h ully hppn nm n p, u ll n mu h mgn x h hy .

H, hn, hul p, un, n hl pph h nl h t mlu? H hul hy , uy, n h h m n m hm?

F, mp h mpl n, n hugh hy lgl gumn. whn ll y ugh ph, mpn ll yn l ly p n h un. Ju Nhn pl ugh n hn n pnn, h h Bl n h h m l-nmng y. Tnhn p lu hn h y hugh m h n lu.

n, u mly n nmp, l nnn, n hlpul ll y l J n h y. Ju hp ply n up n n m np, ng J n ny--nuy m n pu n ppn nungmg. t h, ph h mu , i h uh J llng h y y,h ul h mmun h m pn? T gy n n ulng n pplnl

g m h nn x h nmpy nx.T, h t m um h l ll m, hy mu unhn h npul m. B uyng hng h h h nl nP n El lng n l J, mpn g m gp h hm m.55 T gun ll p muh m pun unnng h m y.in unn nl lu, mu n n h mgn l h h uh

54 Lmqu,Fictional Points o View, 92.

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h nu. t mphn n pp h C. . L y n h Chronicles o Narnia, h p hugh h n um n n l. mlly, gp h tm , h n n h npul l m n unn n n

m.Fuh, muh hlly n ll n mn n. Bll n n gnl,

n ll n n pul, h n n nugh n n h ngh ly hl. i u h ll pl h ppp ngh m m ly hl h n nn h Bl, plly Al, M ng, Lln yn, Al Bln, Nhp Fy, nFn km. A ll hl uh Jn Flmn n wl wn h h pln ly nly n y h mn h lp xlln ngh n h llx. Muh m mu n, h, n ngng h ll n ngh ll n lypl. nly hn h n n lly h h m h mgn lyx hy n hu l l h ull h mg u.

55 A ummy h l ll m un n nl J. E, wm n Bl-l Tlgy, nDictionary o the Old estament Wisdom, Poetry and Writings (. tmp Lngmn n PEnn; n G: iP, 2008), 85358.



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Pl, Tm, n pnl:

T h Cn Bll Tlgy xmn Daniel J. Brendsel

Daniel Brendsel is a PhD student in New estament at Wheaton College inWheaton, Illinois.

1. Te Search or a Center:

Obsession or Responsibility?

in h plgmn h pph ll hlgy, Chl H. H. mmn, i -ul unn h n h nng n ngl hm n t Nt hlgy,n m n n Bt. i ly hl y h h qu ngl n h l. 1

wh y lu n mplx pu, y hy ul n h l mny n n ll hlgy.

Bu , n (n h) pnn, h qu ngl n h l, h mnnly h h qu unju? in, p nmn, ul h pupn n n ll-un, pnng l n n n m pnly? Anm n h l qun h unlyng umpn n mn h pny, hh (1) p nl h h n ll hlgy; (2) u hh j h h n (h hul lng ?); n (3) u h p

h h l (h n nl n h nn h nl?).

2. A Rationale or the Search:

Delivering the Whole Counsel o God

wnhm ugg n h h n m.2 F, n n hn hp n n n n uh hugh n ng, hn uly h n ul pu h gp n nly h hl u l h u nul p. i nx, hl m hu lu.3 n, h h n n y p nnnnng h uny pu. i pu n lln h gnnly

1 Chl H. H. , Te Ways o Our God: An Approach to Biblical Teology (Gn p: Emn,2003), 87.

2 wnhm, Appnx: Uny n y n h N tmn, nA Teology o the New esta-ment, y G. E. L (Gn p: Emn, 1993), 710.

3 M. C, Pn G: A Cn n Bll Tlgy,HB23 (2001): 2, , T hu lu n hng various npul n n h Bl (mph n gnl). H , h,n h h lngug n, n mp p nl pn y hh h mn mulplpn h u n ng, ll ng mmn npul uu (n nly) (3). mlly, Jm B, Te Concept o Biblical Teology: An Old estament Perspective (Lnn: CM, 1999), 343,

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n n, hn h m unmn . . . h hmny h n n Ntmn Chny.4 t h uggn, h ul h h qunhn p nx.

A 20 un h nl mng n Pul n h Ephn l n hh Pul h h ulll h mny yng h gpl G g h h m h LJu (. 24). in pul, h xn hml m h l ll mn (. 26) n h nhn m lng yu h hl pup G (. 27). i h mly n pumpn?H ul Pul ply h mmun allG pup n h h y hu lng ly un? H um unmnl p ( h, , n?) h n l, u ully h mnl h l pu, ng n llumnng hmuh h hn Pul p, h Ephn n uully uh n h l n h lgh h nl p.5

ul mpn h p h h ll hlgl n h nx nhh Pul m h l lm. Pul m h png mn hl ng n unpng

h mny n Ephu. T h n plmn nh my m the wholecounsel or purpose o God, Pul, unn pl mny h g G ppl.Cmp Pul plll mn n A 20:20: i n hn m lng yu nyhng hprotable. H n my n h l h h n, nhl nm hyh. i h h h puu u pl mn hng n phng.T h n h h p hu ln h ppl G n h nnh pu (n h l).6 i h h n mn h up gn h qun hh n, mhng l n, ll hlgy x, n , n h y mgh puu.

h p hlgn ppply pplng n h xpn uu n mplny h gnzn h .

4 mlly, Jm M. Hmln J., T Gly G n ln hugh Jugmn: T Cn Bl-l Tlgy? ynBul57 (2006): 61, mmn, T hlgl puppn h h Bl h ln hn n hmnu G p u png h g hm, n h n h ngll h n ll hlgy. Fm lghly n pp u mng ml nlun,phn G. mp, Dominion and Dynasty: A Biblical Teology o the Hebrew Bible (N u n BllTlgy 15; n G: iP, 2003), 4143, ugg h nnzn unn m n x u mny, hh p ( h hmnu hy my pum) mnngul uny. Tu, mpgu, h ly uu h H nn m tx u mny x n m h h unmnl hm h tx m pnl hmnu. H, An J. kng,

y n Uny n h N tmn, nBiblical Teology: Retrospect and Prospect(. J. Hmnn;n G: iP, 2002), 153, n h ugh n ly qu uny h n.

5 i uu h uy mj Nt hlg n l l y h ppl A20:27 n h nnn. F upl xpn, G. B. C,New estament Teology (. L. . Hu; x-: Clnn, 1994); nl P. Full, Te Unity o the Bible: Unolding Gods Plan or Humanity (Gn p:Znn, 1992).

6 C. J. Hmnn, Te God o Promise and the Lie o Faith: Understanding the Heart o the Bible(whn: Cy, 2001), 19, h p m unnng h pu n y h ll mul u up h Bl ul.

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3. Te Object o the Search:

Te Synthesis o Plot, Temes, and Responsibilities

i mgh p mhng l n u mny h h mn l. N mll p h n m h m nulun. in, . A.Cn pnly , h m mmn hm, mn y l un, h nllng hm h unmnl hlgl puppn h Nt , hy my n?7

3.1. Problems with the erm Center

F n Cn qun. in n mp gu n ll hlgy, JmHmln n n h np hh h ll uh pn h ulm n G n h hm hh ll h Bl h hm xp.8 Bu m n hgh n nnnl u h m. k n, h y m y hh

h phnmn [sic] [ nnl hlgl n] mn lu.9 in, h m u n m h lmn pu y nly muh h ul ppl h lmnl, n hy ugg nun n h y lmn ugh (n, h, , mn/nllnghm, ulm pup, unyng pnpl, .). i my , k g n ugg, h ml n un n h u m u, nmly, h ng h hl n uny,m unyng np hm. Bu h l lmn h h m n, hugh mmunng unyng unn, nhl l mmun h pg, lpng nu h nhughu pu.10

whn h plm nn h zzyng y pp n n hn pn u h p umpn h ll pnl n ll mply mll y, 11 mgh l nn n h puu n h y ny h hl unl G.i h y um up h mg pu?

3.2. Plot, Temes, and Responsibilities

An nngly ppul n un nn h pl yln h Bl. in,mmunng h yln pu h mulpl ng. i n y mmunh pg, lpng nu ll ml, hh k h xp nn. i hul h m mmn m pu, nmly, n. ng h yln pu m n l m h mpng gn ym n h llml h n gnng qul ll pu. An p y n gh n mplx hm n np n mnngul hl.

7 . A. Cn, N tmn Tlgy, nDLN810.8 Hmln, Gly G, 61.9 wl C. k J., owards an Old estament Teology (Gn p: Znn, 1978), 21.10 i., 2122.11 n h l pn, p. Gh F. Hl, Old estament Teology: Basic Issues in Current Debate

(Gn p: Emn, 1991), 158, h , wll n ny n hh n gnzng pnpl h n t l ln n xpn ly un u tour de orce? l Hl,Newestament Teology: Basic Issues in the Current Debate (Gn p: Emn, 1978), 16364.

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T l pn plly mpn mphz. Cn ng Chn hugh hngl lmn ll pl, nng h n lmn pu muh huuunng h nl n, np, n hm.12 Bu n n np n hm

nn uly m h y pu hu n m y mgng hm, hulng m h mnng. F xmpl, n ul y h ing Bln lm White Christmas u h n l mmunn n lnhp (n h lu lnl mnmn, l-hul, ln gug, .). n ul l y h h lm nn hh gnn n h gng. Bh ul u mn u h lm, n hul uh n m mpn hm n. Y hy n, n h , ngllyl n nly n nh. wh n hm gh hplot narrative. By G.w, n gung h h B Jug un pmly ly h hnpll ppgn lgu , ul h pn ply: T mnng nn nlly m h y. T n l h nly muln h mnng hh nn ll p.13

in lgh ll h ng, n upng h mny un pl yln y ummng up h ll mg. Tu, n ng plulm n h n m p gnn pu, Cn pl-ln h Bl n h mn hh Bl hl umn ll y.14 mlly, Blmg pn,

i n n ny u h hh uh n y m ngl hm ppn. Php m ppp n h h ymgh l n mpl m. tng h Bl n ugg ml mnng n g l h unlng uny n y hn pu.15

Cn n Blmg ju xmpl gng num h ppl n nn hul h m pu, hl h m m yng h mnl

ul lng ny ngl hm lu hm pmnn. whl n mphn n, pl-ln, n h n ly nly h n nn uh mph lm lpmn n ll u,16 nhl h n h hul n pmly unng h pl-ln pu n ummzng h pu y u.

F, l yln n h plm nn y ppl nl hm n pu. Tm, np, n pnl nxly n n pl. Tu pn h yln pu h h n h l y h nly u G h hhm n (n G unqu gny/nghp) m h u. N n n pn

12 Bh n n ll ng Chny h n guly ppng h Bl nng n ng n-mnnl x (mp,Dominion and Dynasty, 2425).

13 By G. w, Te Book o Judges: An Integrated Reading(Jtup 46; hl: Jt, 1987), 75.14 . A. Cn, Te Gagging o God: Christianity Conronts Pluralism (Gn p: Znn, 1996),

194.15 Cg L. Blmg, T Uny n y pu, nNew Dictionary o Biblical Teology (. t.

mn Alxn n Bn . n; n G: iP, 2000), 66.16 , .g., mp,Dominion and Dynasty .

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gn h l nn h m.17 Tu, ppl p nl hmn pu n z un, hn ppl ummy pl-ln qully pn h hg n h m n. why pul n (n h n pnl

nl y hm) l n h?n, pl-ln ln mgh n unly ummz h mg pu, n

unmnl h, u n ll pu n. Nh h Nt pl n h h n nly ll pp n ll hlgyh wm lu y n n yln. Fuhm, hl h mjy pu m u n n mn h ng gun nng pu n pupully n m,nhl h n nn, y hml, ully gun n ly lly n yln y lnng in nuce h mg h Bl. 99.998% Bm Dracula pnn h m junl n, h nly pgph-lng pml n pg-lng n n yJnhn H nlun. Y p h numl mnun h un h m, hy my h np y h hl . why h junl ll u ?

wh mpl hm? H n u h nn? Mgh n qun h h zmn n lly ? N my mn pu, u my ju n ng p m hn pl-ln n u ummz h h n n pu.

T nuny yln n n quly ummz h hl unl G n n gn h n p pu. h, yln n n mn mmunng h hl unl G when the key concepts and commands arising rom thestoryline itsel are also explicitly noted and highlighted. An qu ppl n llhlgy, m ply, u h lngug A 20:27, un ummy h hlunl G, ll ln h lmn ghpl, hm(), pnln muln.T hm n mn hul h y n ugg y h pn n h pl-ln plgh(.g., h / ynm ng u h n h n), u hy mu hghlgh nlg as concepts, ideas, and propositions h pul duties and responsibilities mplhn.18

i u h lmn ll pl h n n ngl hn h huh. w ugh n nn mly h ulnng mn hm n . Bu mphz h mnng nn m y, hn mu qully nlg h y nly ny mnng.T ynh pl, hm, n pnl h m n qu ummy h mg pu, n h gl n j h h n ll hlgy. 19

17 N. t. wgh, Te New estament and the People o God(Mnnpl: F, 1992), 140, uggh y l n, hh my, n , y, hl , uhy.

18 w ugh xplly pnl , ng n mn Jn . Lnn n h hluy G hm h up m h ll ml, lgl, pph, n pnl l, y npuuly n m l mmnly pp n t ( ll) hlgy (why J AN in n Bll Tlgy, n Judaic Perspectives on Ancient Israel[. J. Nun l.; Phllph:F, 1987], 299).

19 F nnn (unl nx lly p h), h m n ll u n h h y hhn ummy h mg pu n m pl, hm, n pnly.

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3.3. wo Important Precedents

B mng n upn y p h h l (.., h mn y hh n hmnn n hh mgh pm h h), mgh n h h mpn pn h un pl, hm, n pnly y ummzng pu u hu l y G ppl. T m m Ju hml, h n m h ly huh.

F, n ll-nn pg h n Lu, l h Ju pn h mn hpl mphn h pu, yng, Tu n, h h Ch hul u n gn m h h h y; n h pnn gn n hul plmn h nm ll h nn, gnnng m Julm (Lu 24:4547). N hng: (1) Jupn n ummy h pu, ng h ul n h h n. (2) T n pl (h y Ch ung, h, n un, n plmn gnnng n Julm n mng u), hm (pnn h gn n), n pnl (pnn, plmn).

n, n-Nn hlgn (p. tulln n inu) p ul Fh, hhhy ng h m n ng p n n pu.20 tulln n n h ul:

T ul h, n, lgh n, ln mml n ml; h ul, , lng n n nly G mnpn, h C h un, n Hn Ju Ch, n h gn My, u un Pnu Pl, gnh h y m h , n h hn, ng n h gh (hn) h Fh, n m jug qu n hugh h un hh ll ( h p). (Virg. 1)21

T ul h um nn pl hng22 n unn gu uuln ppp ng pu. inu mnn llu pup nul h hgh Hm m n, ,23 hh hugh unnl n phppplng, nhl qu gn Hm. A mly h Hm gnun ulnl h l n ppun mp. F inu, h ul h uh( ) unn h mp yln (), hlpng l n hul ll npn m h hln muln (Haer. 1.9.4).24

20 F uh pn h nu n unn h ul Fh n n-Nn Chny, khyn Gn-MCgh, ul Fh, n Dictionary or Teological Interpretation o the Bible (. k.J. nhz; Gn p: B, 2005), 7034; n p. Pul M. Bl, T regula dei n h NCh Ely Chn Fh,ProEccl6 (1997): 199228.

21 T nln m ANF, l. 4. tulln lng n m xplly tnn n h ul nPraescr. 13.

22 Gn-MCgh, ul Fh, 703.23 T n n hh inu u h m , u, ng h N n

Gn n upp, Bl l n yln pl (p. hn u n h pgh p Hm).

24 El n h m , inu u h llun m hh n ng m hmg h ng x g (Haer. 1.8.1). Gn-MCgh, ul Fh, 703, xpln, in h n-n l, unml m hpp h h pln y (hypothesis) ng hh hy

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T ul Fh u mpn plll h h pn ppl. F, n g pu. n, mn pl (mng hugh n, ll, mpn,n n),25 hm (n, n, ln, .), n pnly ( l mn).

T, u n m gu uh uul n n pu, n hu ln hugh hh h ppl G my uh.26 Fuh, Pul Bl hgu puly, n-Nn hlgn n n n ung h ul mly uulgu ll nun n npn y n , u l n h mn Chn ny, h , n hpng l xn hml p h lly.27 in h , h ul Fh mul n p n hn h nx pl h ppl G.

T , h, l mpn pn h n ppl ng nh, hh n h h n ll hlgy h ll h Bl mghugh pl, hm, n pnl. All h mly g h qun, h, h n n mn hh hm n pnl n hh unng pn n h Bl pl-

ln mphz. Tu, h p h h l h n mu un.

4. Te Process o the Search:

Selecting Key Points and Stating Context-Driven Purposes

Cn, hugh jng h h n hml, nhl nlg hnly h x hml ll hhlzng unyng hm.28 Bu h hx p uh ng? M h pn, h x ng h ng h np? i hp hy n n n hm m n h np n plmy plgh m np mpn, m n, mhng l?

ng. F inu, h ul Fh unn l uh y ( ), h hh Chn npu h mg h kng, h hn x g.

25 Bl, n pul, gu ngly h n uu n mnn h ul Fh(T regula dei, 199228).

26 Gn-MCgh, ul Fh, 703, h ul hmnul y h npn pu. mlly, Bl, T regula dei, 202, p unnng n hmnul m n h npn Chn pu n Chn xpn.

27 , .g., Bl, T regula dei, 214: T hnng n l l n h nuln h l gn hy n py nly gu pmnnly n h nmn h ul Fh,u h m u mn h Chn identity, nn h n n pul y h n-n ll localpul n p unl gnn.

28 Cn, N tmn Tlgy, 811. , Ways o Our God, 76, l qu y h h n y p pu n y h y p pu qul lu.

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4.1. Te Use o Validation ests

in the Selection o Ke Points

in n ppnx n y ppng n n h hlgl n h Nt, G. k. Bl n h mh nl n h h n Nt hlgy. 29 H u ln mnng h pluly u ppl, hh p hlpul pn pun nyng h n lmn n pu ugh h . Ppl n mu (1) m hng hn h ppl; (2) l h h mj hm h Nt; (3)nglly l mj l tmn hm, ng ulmly upn yln n n Ch; n (4) nully xmn. T u n nn n : mphnn n ngl lnhp h mj hm pu, plly hBl pl-ln n h h n un Ch.30 Bh h my z nn y. in ng h m y ll mg.

F, h np ln h mj hm upl h hg h h

y nn mj hm lgly n y ulul n hl . Php unn mj n nl , n , u u ng nly h ulu n hlln nln u mj n nl.31 Ju , n m gnnly, Lnn , i ul h uggn h h h h hlgn h g n h hpng n h l tmn.32 t h xn, hn, n lly l h ppn h h pu ung h n ln h mj hm?

Enng n h phlphl n hmnul qugm un y uh ln nquy yn h p h y. Bu php n n, m uly pnng, mghln h h n jn. whl h uly muh uh n h nn ulullyn nnlly nn nn ( l nn) ll hm, nhln mgh ll n hh some hm nnly n, l m xn,

ulu n hl . F nn, h gnn n ml lp nAugun y G n h ngm G h n n nmpy hlgl? A Aqun n n E upmly uul n hy gly G nhh l ngul pp n h lgly h m hng? A h pnu, ng h mny h u ppl n n h l nuy l un mj np, plly hn h nu h nul uggng h n

29 G. k. Bl, T Ehlgl Cnpn N tmn Tlgy, n Te Reader Must Un-

derstand: Eschatology in Bible and Teology (. k. E. B n M. w. Ell; L: iP, 1997), 4552. ihul n h Bl u h lngug n n h l hu pyng ply h mny h m.

30 T uh lly ju pp mh h p lun.31 Tu, .g., Jhn F. A. y, Te Fith Gospel: Isaiah in the History o Christianity (Cmg: Cm-

g Uny P, 1996), 1112, ngu h n npn [ ih] m ppul n-unl pul p n pul mmun. Culul/nxul mph p pul y hnlng pu.

32 Lnn, J, 299.

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n.33 T my xnl n, h, h mphzng n hm n m npu n y p puly n mpn.

n, h mphnn mgh j n n: (1) h n

lgng m lmn pu m u-g un h m mphn hm,n (2) n h , xmly ul n h un un h.T jn, h h n lgng m hng unnh h, pullympn n. in, plm n y -ll mul-ppl pph ll hlgy. F n mul-ppl nly l n hm ( p lng hpl-ln) h mh ng m nn; ngly, hy u nlmn pphl, un l. Bu ply h nny hhy, mm n pmnn n mmnng pn n h n un pn, hh m h h muh m h h n. Tu, xmpl, Hl nn hngl np, hm, , m . . . lg nl p h t ( Bll) h nn n unmpn pn.34 mlly, Blmg mpln h n ppl n

m xlu n ml hn h nn l m n pn h pphy.35 uly h m m ul ll gn ny ppl h mulply lu ly mmn hm36 hul l mj hl h (mplly) mn n pphl.37

F l m, h mh m ul mgnl qu.Fu hng my n pn uh qu. F, B hlpully mn u h ly nl, n hu nly n h n xhun n h xlun/mn lllmn n ppl y l n l.38

33 , Ways o Our God, 87. B, Concept, 34043, qu hlpul n h un. H u y h h m ppl ll hlgl n my mplmn h n my mn hh. H n p lun hn l ul upn n lp (n ) puppl. in h , h h n m n ngng un hn h n, uh htl u nn u u. C. l Tm . hn, New estament Teology: MagniyingGod in Christ(Gn p: B, 2008), 13.

34 Hl, Old estament Teology, 159.35 Blmg, Uny n y, 66. mlly, h B. Hy, Te Moral Vision o the New esta-

ment: A Contemporary Introduction to New estament Ethics (n Fn: HpnFn, 1996), 187, nhng un hl n n h Nt, n mng h x p unlly n ll lm u ppn h ng h n n pu n h mg. im h png n mphzng upp n ( n) pu h h ng

mung h h pphy.36 Cn, N tmn Tlgy, 810. kng, y n Uny, 154, p pluly

ng Nt m.37 in h lgh, n h , pnunng h h n lu, n h m pg

pp h hn numu uggn ngl n xmn, mny ml ,n h uggn n ll n u mj gupng ( Ways o Our God, 87). T n ugg h h ng u h mny ml n u ppl. Bu h unng h hm u-hm un h u mj gupng ulmly l hm n m y ngl-hm ppnn.

38 B, Concept, 34142.

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n, llng nn h h n hng h pphy n ppl nln n hm n m h pplper se, u gnn h nng p nn. T , h h m lmn h mgn hl h lmn h n

n ppl n pn n m.T, h, ppl n hul z n h gun. i my h h

y pphzng de acto unll n nul n h hul luly n ulygln n u nyng, pnng, n nng hm n pu. i my h nhuln pl, hm, n pnly m . my h n pn pu (hh nn, pgph, hl ) ully n h ppl n qun.Bu uh m n hn h ng m mgnl qu.

Fuh, n m gnnly, h nn n pu l h n lmn pz. mp n Ju m n M 23:23 h lgu l h yh ngl h gh m h l mgnl.39 n mgh l pn pphmn h G n, lyly, n nlg G more than ; Mh

ummn h L qumn n h h pl ju, nn, n humly; hNt p ummn h L n h g n n mmnmn mply n h lmmnmn; n Ju nn h h L n hm. i m h h nhn n pu ummz lg h ll ml, n n h ummy pzn hhlz, uh h m lmn m n h plgh hl h l h pphy.

Tu, n n j h n mphnn. i my h h p nyng hh lmn pply unnh h h, mplx, n ln h l,40u h n mn mpl. Mulpl hul gh n n h n. pnn pnn n pn pu, hl nly n un n n l, gnn nn.41 Clm pn h ll n ul y pl nylu mpn n n .42 ingl lnhp h h mj hm h n hn l xmnn. An l h hh n plll uggn h nm n h hy npn, hh ul h n xpn pp n un , h m mhng n yng lp. All h hlp n h nyng h lu hm, pnl, n lmn n h pl-ln n

39 mp,Dominion and Dynasty , 27.40 H, nn, ngm n n n l? H mn n hul u-

n un h h? h nh pn ll? T u qu ny. T y uly myun h hng ung m Bl 1997 y l, h 2002 y T N tmn nN Cn (nBiblical Teology: Retrospect and Prospect[. J. Hmnn; n G: iP, 2002]).in h m h p n n h n Nt hlgy, u n h l h h ngm

h n n n nl ngm ng h n.41 k, Teology, 33, pn u h n n ul hng ngl m, u

h u pl nlln m. Bn . n, Bll Tlgy, n New Dictionary o BiblicalTeology (. t. mn Alxn n Bn . n; n G: iP, 2000), l n h n uynp, n ju (68).

42 in h p, my hlpul n h y n hh nnl uu m-ll myhlp n u y n n . , .g., mp, Dominion and Dynasty , 23; l Jhn H. lhm,Te Pentateuch as Narrative: A Biblical-Teological Commentary (Gn p: Znn, 1992), 3537, hu h gnn n unn n p m n h Pnuh.

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h m mphn n, h, hghlgh n un ummn h Bl mg.Bu n uh n, l h n mphnn, ll n h , hll png ny ung mul-ppl pph.

4.2. Te Search within the Context

o Particular Purposes and Agendas

Bl, l mny h, gu h h n hh m mphn m lly h y h n h ll y.43 H, nng h h p h uggng G h n. uly h h m mphn n g. i lly h Bl, lngh h mjy h,44 un h h uggn ll (G ) uh mplly lz h n ll h yng yhng nh ll yng lmnhng.45 Gnl h y png un. Bu n nnnl ng h hpul pup hh n pp mnn hm n pu hlp n h g, p m, hnl, h pupully (h hn ly) p n u h

mphn.A gnn plm h mul-ppl pph h hy h ll

hlgy n n- mnn. wh gnlly mn n h ll l pu m mulplpp ng pu m h pp ngm h pp nn hpp Juh , m h pp u x- np. typlly ll h mphz h j n n uy, nmly, h Bl. whl h lul n ny, l m nly hl h pu. F n n uy nly nl nun, h , u. An xmn pu h pul pup n mn: mng n ung, ng h nnmn, png hu ln h huh, ng ngllmn pu. in , nl h m pu h pup n gn.Php nlgng h pup n gn up n ll g lng y n xplnng hy uhy hm n n nl n pu n my ulmly hlp n nlng hmh n nh.

Fuhm, uh pup uully, n ly, nx-n n nx-n.n p h n ll h l, l y n h n unxp y.46 w mgh n nxully n y, h , n y h h mmn n u llng mn. Tu, upl ugglng h nly, mphzng h lln h hm nn, ung,pm, gny, n py mgng n h phl n, n h y Hnnh, n nh h n Ju, my pul, ln, n ny y xplng h mg pu. hn mnng hn n huh mplly png h lgly Gng hugh n p (n n n mll p y n nngly gz g n hh

ul ly mphnl p u gul uly), n ppp ummy h43 Bl, Ehlgl Cnpn, 45. l Hy,Moral Vision, 189.44 Tugh . Hl, Old estament Teology, 168, h , G/Yhh h ynm, unyng

n h t. H ll h h hlgl n, hh n gnz ymz n ng ht, u mly p unyng pnpl.

45 Cn, N tmn Tlgy, 810. Cn mmn plly ppl h uggn hJu Ch h n Nt hlgy.

46 n, Bll Tlgy, 9.

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ll mg my n mphz G gnl ng y g un, h yphyl nu h Ll ul ym, h ng p ung h mnhy n mly yh ng h nn u l y h mpp p h nn, h nnn h

w n h phyl h n un, h nu mn n mnl g, hm nu mmuny n h ly huh, n h hp n n. All h, u,qu nmn, hh um p-pnn n u nn n nly mphzn unyng hm n pu, u l h u g pup hh hy my ppl.Fuhm, m h u ng h mg h Bl m hn m ulzng n u qul mph. n mph h n nnn, pllyn ng nx. T mph Yhh ng, hugh l h mph Yhh h, h ng mph, n ul uly h ng mg h pnngn h g ulu.

Chph J. H. wgh h ply llu h ppng h. 47 in gung mnl hmnul m ng pu, h nlg h any m

nly h x m g. in , T nly y n h ll x mply pu .48 L mp h l, umm n hmnul mnly m n ng pu. Bu l mp, umm pu nm ng ju n h, nmuh hy mp mply n ly hmg n pn h uh xpln . An ju y n mp uul y n nx n m (.g., mp Lnn u n, mp hLnn Ungun, mp Lnn y), l y n umm pumy uul n mnng h ppl G. Tu, wgh mmn,

[A]ll l mp (pjn) mpm n h h unl nuh hp h nnn, h l , h ln lu n

lngu, n h pl, mp nn n n. T h llpn n who the map is or and what it is intended primarily to show.49

T h h n ll hlgy, h , h h muln pl, hm,n pnl quly ny h hl unl G, ll pm hn nnlg hm h mp nn n h n ll u.

5. Conclusion

t ummz, h h n gu hu h h h n ll hlgy , l, pl nn. i n h mmun h huh h hl unl G h p n n. i hul hl pl, hm, n pnly nply

gh, n hu ml n mul-ppl pph. Bh n hhy,n h mu n m unm. An hl n ll n h n pp h

47 Chph J. H. wgh, Mn Mx Hmnu n Bll Tlgy, n Out oEgypt: Biblical Teology and Biblical Interpretation (. C. Bhlm l.; pu n Hmnu 5; Gn p: Znn, 2004), 13840.

48 i., 138.49 i., 139, mph .

Pl, Tm, n pnl


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T zzlng n G tun L:

inung Engll h Tlgy Hn U n Blh Stephen M. Garrett

Stephen Garrett (PhD, rinity Evangelical Divinity School) is Lecturer in the SocialCommunications Institute at Vilnius Pedagogical University in Vilnius, Lithuania

and Academic Fellow or the International Institute or Christian Studies.

Jgn Mlmnn h Chn hlgy n h Chuh ul : h crisis orelevance n h crisis o identity. whn hlgy n h Chuh n ln huunng plul ulu, hy h n Chn ny u hy

nn h nng pn. Y h m hy h ny n nl gm,gh n ml nn, h m ln n unll hy m.1 m pn y pu-lng h ulul h h y mng nnguhl m h ulu hl h lhml n h n Chn gh lng ngg h ulu. 2 uh pn m n un n hlgy n h Chn l, n h hl n h pl.

Hn U n Blh, pmnn nh-nuy Chl hlgn n nmpy kl Bh, mlly z h Chl hlgy h y. H gu h n nly h hu h h, , pp up n pl, nnu n ulmly Phl p,

lgn gm n n nhum gm (h m h n, h ), zl yhng h n n, h lm, lull, n nll.3 w hul n unnuh mn y Blh n-nllul, n gm hlgy, l nn npul ly n hlgl u mny h mnn. h, h jnn n nmpy hlgy n h l hmy n hlgy n h Chnl, ny h y npn h Fh mp h n hlng h n n h nn h h Chn l (puly). 4 H, hn, nn hxy h hpxy, gh hnng u G h gh n?

Blh mnn h h pum un n hlgy n h Chn lh pp h l h Chuh y n h ly h phng nl uh.5

1 Jgn Mlmnn, Te Crucied God: Te Cross o Christ as the Foundation and Criticism o ChristianTeology (Mnnpl: F, 1974), 7.

2 i., 815, 1823.3 Hn U n Blh, Creator Spirit, l. 3 Explorations in Teology (n. Bn MNl; n

Fn: ignu, 1993), 502.4 Hn U n Blh, Te Word Made Flesh, l. 1 Explorations in Teology (n. A. . Lll

n Alxn u; n Fn: ignu, 1989), 121.5 i., 193.

Temelios 35.3 (2010): 41330


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414

Pnl hlgn h ununly ppu h plm, ng Blh, nhy puu h n gm hlgy h h um pn pulz mylhlgy hz y plunu py h l un. Cnqunly, p n huh

l h un h pnuy un hy h nn h nggnh h uh h gpl. Blh nn, hugh, h uh m ul n lun hnxu m n hln.6

Blh n, hn, h mu n h nu hlgy n h unyn hl n n, n hlgy n h Chn l. Chn hlgy, ng Blh, h ly n, hgh, pul y, n nly nl n hl u n h pnly h l ppn h u p ln.7 M,hlgy mu h n h ln h n, nmly, n h lng u Chm hugh pu n h Chuh. T puu hlgy h Chlgl n nup n hlgl u nn pphl m, nlyhumn uy ny (n nhng m n hn h humn mn n hnng). n n

l gh h , hy g hml h n l, hl pyng ll m nng ll h gly G (1 tm 5:17; 1 C 10:31).8 tu hlgy, h, h h pn n Ju Ch n h ng gh h m n hln n h p py.

Blh n ll h ppn y nyng Ju Ch, h h npng n ng m G l-ln, h L Gly (Herrlichkeit) n h m ll m (gl).9 H hlgl juny hm n h zzlng n G unl h h pln hh h m h l G . . . g l hu mn n pu h n h m lly pln.10 T nng n l-pnn G nh l upm h m h n humn n hy nung h mpgu mG m mpn. whn ll h, m h uu uh,G hlg, hh n n nhng h hn h nmn ng n h m l-ln.11

T png pgph h h nu Blh mu hugh n h n-lumEnglh nln h lgyTe Glory o the Lord (7 l.), Teo-Drama (5 l.), n Teo-Logic (3 l.). T y n n n y ul h mplxy n nun h lgy h ny

6 i., 18794.7 i., 183.8 i., 19596.9 n h y np unnng Blh Chlgy h nn-pln u h m

Gestalt m, hh h mul y ng m y u l Chn n Ehnl n Jhnnwlgng n Gh. Blh unn Gestalt h ynm ppn h xp un hl

un n h nln p n n xnl mum. T pln h nnl ph ly hugh h xnl uh h h hl g hn h um p, pung un mnng nn-l n h p ln. T xpn h nl n n hugh h l n nly l u l n-l uh h h nl n xhu n h ppng. C. Hn U n Blh, Seeing the Form, l. 1 Te Glory o the Lord: A Teological Aesthetics (. Jph F n Jhn h; n. Em L-M;n Fn: ignu, 1982], 3031, 467. uqun n Te Glory o the Lord GL.

10 Hn U n Blh, Studies in Teological Style: Clerical Styles, l. 2 GL (. Jph F nJhn h; n. An Luh, Fn Mngh, n Bn MNl; n Fn: ignu, 1982), 11.

11 i., 13.

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g uny. Alhugh h l gy n Blh hlgy, h y xpl h i hn n h pmy ny pn, nmly, h mn y h zzlngn G un l. Blh hlgy n ym n h nl n h n

n un pul n n h n n pul n u (.g., htny, nmn, .). h, h hlgy m ymphn n h h gh y hm n mn h nnnn hlgy h ul n mply n hm nmpln hlgy j, nmly, h un G, u h n qu y hh pply p hm n h. T m n h y n hughu h lgy nn n mny h yn , ng pmnn h hn h n Blhhlgy.

w gn, hn, y png n nx h l h llu h mpu muh h , llng u m h uqun un n h zzlng n Gun l. T nx n xpl Blh nn h zzlng n G un lhugh h i ll n nl n h h ll h n mmn,

nlung Ch n n hll. Fnlly, nlu y uggng ln pn h ngllhul lly y hly ngg Blh hlgy hl ng u n pp, hpmy n ny , uh xpln.

1. Formative Infuences in the Lie o Hans Urs von Balthasar

Blh n n Lun, zln n Augu 12, 1905 n n mly Hungn n. H hlh n ly ln un u Bnn yhl n Englg, n h h h munn, ju u Lun. whl h, h nun h Bnn mn nuh h l mu, muh h h pulh h h g ny: Te Development o the Musical Idea: An Attempt at a Synthesis o Music (1925).12B nhng h ny un n Englg, hugh, h pn m n nll hm n Ju llg n Flh, Au. h h pn n, Blh nh h nlxmnn y ly n mul h Uny Zuh n Germanistik, n mlgm Gmn lu, phlphy, n lngu, n 1923.13

Blh u, n puu , hm mpn n lnng uh Bln n nn h h nun h l F. mn Gun (Bln), ul All(nn), n Hn El (nn). in 1928, y nllng, Blh mpl hl xmnn n n h nh h nl n n h n nl TeHistory o the Eschatological Problem in Modern German Literature, hh pulh n 1930.Nly n mnh l, h nll n h Ju n h h u h n-hl mnul

12 Blh l mu n mpn hm hughu h l h ny Mz m nl nn p h h Pn n kl Bh. M, h nun Chn n Eh-nl upn Blh unnng Fm (Gestalt) ppl ynm, ml nn h n hm gn xpn un hl. Hn U n Blh, Te Realm o Metaphysics in Antiquity,l. 4 GL (. Jph F n Jhn h; n. l , An Luh, Bn MNl, Jhn ,n n wllm; n Fn: ignu, 1991), 3031.

13 P Hn, Hn U n Blh: A h H L, nHans Urs von Balthasar: His Lie andWork(. . L. hnl; n Fn: ignu, 1991), 744.

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n ppn nn Ju p.14 ung h m ppn, h m upnh hy-ySpiritual Exercises . ignu Lyl h m n un h ulg F.Fh kn h h xpn n unml n llng h hng h u

h l.15

1.1. Te Calling o God on His Lie

Blh n n h ph n m hu u nn n hnmp ung h uy Germanistikn mun mn pz nun h uy hlgy.16 Fuhm, h Ju Cllg Flh h h gn h Juu l n pmnly Pn hl h Ju u. Y, n n nhy y l, Blh ll h lng xpn h h n nlhm my l. H ll h xpn h y h n n lng n l:

ty, hy y l, i n ll n h y lng h l ph n

h Gmn p h Bl F n m Bl un hh i u y un l lghnng. . . . i nh hlgy n h ph h l h m n my p; nly h: Yu h nhng h, yu ll.Yu ll n , u h ll m u yu ; yu h n pln m,yu nly mll n n m gn lng yu. i h nly g upll n ll, hu mng my n pln, hu h npn. i hnly h xpnly n l u h y i ul u. An h h hppn.17

in h m h xpn, Blh gn lz h mpln h n nun h l: whn i n hugh: , G h gn m mpl ny n h p m nxly uln mn, u m h h un ll n hn n mmn n

n p h n h h l h i .18

T mpn h n ll n Blh l nn , h y unnng h pn ll h h n Y h ll ll Ch. . . .wh n Blh h n n hn n gp nly n y within h gnlY h ll G m hm, wn L n.19 w m h mpln hxpn hn mp h h h h mj ng, Te Apocalypse o the GermanSoul n lg p n h n, n h mnn lgy.

14 An Nhl, Te Word Has Been Abroad: A Guide through Balthasars Teological Aesthetics (wh-ngn, .C.: Chl Uny P Am, 1998), xx.

15

wn L, T ignn Ex n h w Hn U n Blh, n Hans Urs vonBalthasar: His Lie and Work(. . L. hnl; n Fn: ignu, 1991), 10320, l gngBlh xpn ll h h hExercises nun h hlgy.

16 Hn U n Blh, Puqu j m u p, n Pourquoi je me suis ait pretre (. Jgn l n nn n l; tun: l, 196l), 21; qu n wn L, Bng inp L:n n h Tlgy Hn U n Blh, Communio 16 (1989): 479.

17 i., 47980.18 i., 480.19 L, Bng inp L, 482.

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H mj n h n ugh Gmn hugh, gnnng h hGmn ilm h l ghnh n nnnh nu, xmnng Gmn p m Jhnnwlgng n Gh n M l, n ulmnng h h l Fh Nzh n

h Gmn hn h nh nuy. H um h h Gmn ul nhpn;h , nu n unnng l n h l solely m h ng pn humn ujy. Humny h mu ll hng.20 in n, h h lgy n hpm h humn ng n mnng nly hn hy nn hml n ppn G n ly, nmly, h m mpn. ky unnng h n n muh Blh l n h n llng. t u, hugh, h mpn gu hm nhng u h hugh.

1.2. Signicant Philosophical, Teological, and Spiritual Infuences

Eh Pzy, Ju hlgn hm Blh nun n Munh n h ly 1930, n h mnl gu n h 20h nuy gng h analogia entis h nlgy

ngh h n C n u n mly n n, h g my, hu nng g mly.21 Blh ln m Pzy h nlyz h hy phlphy ung h n analogia entis. Cnqunly, Blh ppp Pzynlgl pn ng h -g mly n G n humny n m hmly hy pnng p gnun n/humn nn. T humn ppn n hn l m h nn Blh h-m.

Anh gnn nmpy, hm Blh lnz, Hn Lu hm h mhl uyng n Lyn, Fn. Blh ply m Lu nylp nlg h p h, gng n l mngph n h l gn Alxn,Ggy Ny, Mxmu h Cn, Augun, n h. H uy h Chuh hu gn n h lgy h upn h lh hl h hlglh. M mpnly, hugh, Lu nun, ll Pzy, nl Blh ll n nn n h h h h u hl ppng m Ju p.Blh m, My n p uy n h y gm uggl h h n hlgy, h h mn h m u h gly ln.22 T mn h N-hl nng lng h h pu nun gng h Germanistiku m hmpu h m Chl hlgy mnn h u h y. Y h p muh h hugh hml, mng Ju p n July 26, 1936.

Blh gnmn Ju p m ll h pgu plStimmen der Zeit, l n Munh n Lug h h h un m

20 Hn U n Blh, Geschichte des eschatologischen Problems in der modernen deutschen Literatur

(Zuh: Uny Zuh, 1930), 79; .,Apokalypse der deutschen Seele: Studien zu einer Lehre von letztenHaltungen (3 l.; lzug: Pu, 19371939). l E t. hp, Gh, Nzh, n hEnun h Gmn ilm, nPattern o Redemption: Te Teology o Hans Urs von Balthasar(N Y:Cnnuum, 1994), 72101.

21 Eh Pzy,Analogia entis: Metaphysik, Ur-Struktur und All-Rhythmus (Enln: Jhnn -lg, 1962), 25154. l hp Eh Pzy n h Anlgy Bng, nPattern o Redemption ,1544, ull uy.

22 Hn U n Blh, Enlung, nErde und Himmel, Ein agebuch: Zweiter eil II: Die Zeit dergrossen Diktate y Ann n py (Enln: Jhnn lg, 1975), 195.

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418

luly . . . n n ul p h lup h up yh n h y. 23 hlyh, Blh up hm h ppuny hpln h Uny Bl p hng hlgy h Pnl Ju Uny n m, h nn

Ggn Uny. Gn Blh l n pnl hlgn n h hlln-hl hlgy h y, h p ng hpln. T n hm Bl,h h nun h gu n guly h m nunlkl Bh n Annn py.24

kl Bh, lm n h g hlgn h nh nuy, xp muulmn Blh h ngg n l y hl lgu gng hl h hlgl u. Blh g lu n Bh, n Bh pn, n ul l pulh hlu n mngph nl Te Teology o Karl Barth. in h mnl n Bh, Blhn Bh hlgy uul h jy n ln, nmly, Gl-ln n Ch, n u nn h h xn, nlung nln.25 T mn, hugh, n plu Blh m guly ppng Bh

gng, xmpl, h nlgy ng, h nn Bh Chnm, h nu h Chuh. Tu, muh Blh l ng n pn Bh . t u, hugh, Blh Bh n , n h ul l tjn h ngu hng n Chlm, h n hng h h ny n l n h n-hlm h y.26

Bh Blh n Bh p pun puly n y h mmmn m h un n hlgy n h Chn l. Blh m mmyl pph, nlgng h Ann n py, ml n my hm hn Chlm, h m n mp n h l hn ny h. 27 M plly, hyng n Ch n n hll, hh h hl ng h Euh, unh y n Blh hlgy Hly uy.28 H n n myl ng, hugh, n y h lhmn uhn hy puln. A uh, Blh un h

23 Hn U n Blh,My Work: In Retrospect(n Fn: ignu, 1993), 13.24 P Hn, Hn U n Blh: H Culul n Tlgl Eun, n Te Beauty o

Christ: An Introduction to the Teology o Hans Urs von Balthasar(. B MGg n Tm N; E-nugh: t&t Cl, 1994), 1118.

25 Hn U n Blh, Te Teology o Karl Barth: Exposition and Interpretation (n. E t.; n Fn: ignu, 1992), 400. F mulu un gng h mpn nhp, h phn . wgly,Karl Barth and Hans Urs von Balthasar: A Critical Engagement(Enugh: t&t Cl,2007) Jhn w, Blh n kl Bh, n Cambridge Companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar(. E- t. n M; Cmg: Cmg Uny P, 2004), 24155.

26 Eh Buh, Karl Barth: His Lie rom Letters and Autobiographical exts (n. Jhn Bn;Lnn: CM, 1976), 362. T m Bh h un Blh pnl mmn hmgng h lu h hlgy.

27 Hn U n Blh,First Glance at Adrienne von Speyr(n Fn: ignu, 1981). m -l h Blh un py nun upn hm hlu mn h m m hm mn h myl xpn y ll uh n h Ju p (Nhl, TeWord Has Been Abroad, x).

28 F Blh hlgy Hly uy, plly hMysterium Paschale: Te Mystery o Easter(n. An Nhl; n Fn: ignu, 1990).

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m u ppllng n mn pulh h . in 1945, Blh n py, hh nnl ng n m Enln, ll m h Jhnn lg, pulhnghu pn n u h ng.29

Blh Ju up n pp h n, hy g hm n ulmum hnn h puu n m h Ju y. A muh py n nn,Blh mn l h ph n Fuy 1950, nng h ull mn hn. T n u hm n mmn mun g h uh l m hll lhmn n puh h mgn.30 Fm h pn , hugh, Blhpu h m lgy, nmu ng n mplxy h n y hugh hzzlng n G un l. i h m hh n un.

2. Te Dazzling Darkness o Gods riune Love

Blh, llng h nn h hlgy n n j n, n Ju Ch h L Gly (Herrlichkeit) n h m ll m (gl). T gnn umh hng, ng Blh. F, G h nnly gn h, n h m, nn l n, l n h m, h l. A L, G whlly h hn h nhy nllng h m n nn h mmun n h n. in h ,G mn h n h h mmun hml h n. Tu, h h un Gh n Ju Ch m mn.31

n, hl npng m 1:1920, Blh un h u mly nG n h n (.., h C-u nn). in ng , h h mpn G gly hnng n n hugh h m h n h h u mgh l .Fuh mphzng h pn, Blh m h h gly n n n h gly Godn n h l, n ply uh nun h n l h l ll hhul m nung G gly h h ln () h m ().32

T, h ln G n Ch n h plngn nnn h lnn n. h, ng gh h hnly n hly, hh hu n y g h n, h n h gly lng[] h Kyrios h l. G ln n npp h y h l-ln n Ch uh h Ch h pn h m hl.33 T pn, hugh, n nly y h h ppng h un G n h

29 Jhnn lg p T Cmmuny . Jhn, hh Blh n py unn 1945 ul nu y n l ly ppl lng h l l n

p. T Cmmuny . Jhn m m ly nn h y l hn Blh pu hlgy ul nu, h pulh y Jhnn lg (Nhl, Te Word Has Been Abroad,x). F n nm glmp h nn ng h mmuny, Mxmln Gn n, TCmmuny . Jhn: A Cnn h Cnl Cpl n Mh G, nHans Urs von Balthasar: His Lieand Work(. . L. hnl; n Fn: ignu, 1991), 87102, h unng mm.

30 Hn, Hn U n Blh, 1928.31 Blh, GL, 1:429.32 i., 1:43031.33 i., 1:431.

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nng puln yhng n hn n n h.34 T, Ju Ch, n humny, h mu ll hng.

Bulng upn h puppn, Blh n h qun, hy h mhng

h hn nhng, hlglly, gng theological basis h nnnl ng (.., hu, h g, n h uul).35 in ng , h u j ln n l yn p, ln n n n n Ch.36 T , ln n n, mn Ggly n n hugh h uh h u xn un g. T gly G n n np n h h n, h mnn G gly n hnnn h h w G m n h m humn ng (Phl 2:6). wh pp, hn,n h hyp unn Ch, ng Blh, h mng l n xpnl h G h hml un hy h Ch-m (Gestalt Christi) mn h m G(Gestalt Gottes) n h gly h un G.37 wh, hugh, Blh mn y n gly?

2.1. Balthasars Teological Interpretation o Scripture

Blh m h h Bl ull mn u G gly, n h pg n m numu hn m l lz: gly unmnl mn h ln ll pu.38 T ng h , Blh nn h gly G ln n n n nCh h nl n h mpl: in h y h m h l l, hh uh ly h ln h n , n Ch n n h Hly p pu u hugh hm m mpl hh, l h nl n lmn , h hn n l h kbdG.39 By yplglly nnng h h h -, Blh gn llumnh h mn y h zzlng n G un l.

T hh Blh , l h m gly pn n h lu n hl h nn il h y n ngh hugh h ln (Ex 13:21; 40:38). Blh

34 i., 1:432.35 Tugh h np h p h hl, Tm Aqun ugh hlgl gh

h nn h nnnl ng y lng G ll ng. Aqun nguh n n yp pp, nmly, g n nnnl. Cg p n n ng hl nnnl p ll ng. Um E h h nnnl lng ul ngl m hh ng n l . T hy hy m n nh npully .. . . Bu h nnnl nnhl h hl ng n un n yhng h x ( Te Aesthet-ics o Tomas Aquinas [n. Hugh Bn; Cmg: H Uny P, 1988], 21). Tu, Aqun,h l mul xn nng uny, uh, gn, n uy, unl Hum n kn, h

projectedh n ng h humn mn. Aqun lpmn h nnnl gnn Blh h hlglly ppp hm, hy nlng hm nguh n G gly n

hly uy.36 Blh, GL, 1:42933.37 i., 1:432. Ch n n nn m gnl l Gestaltun hh Blh uum

h nnn. h, h mply n mlgm np xpl G n ln n Ch. Jhn m h pn: A Gestalt mhng n n j, h uny h m hn h um p. Appl Chlglly, gn h nn m, h l h n l gu Ju xp-ng h nxhul gly G un l (Te Mysteries o March [Lnn: Clln, 1990], xx).

38 Blh, GL, 4:11.39 Blh, GL, 1:439.

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l n h p n hnng n h lu n h lnng n numng lgh h . Cnqunly, h ppn h n h ppl h h lulytremendum, hn h n h ascinosum.40 w h h phnmn n h l

M. F, h il ml h h hun n lghnng mnng m h h lu n M. n hn M h tn Cmmnmn (Ex 20:1921). n, M num h h h unnum uh h hm , pqung h n n hmlu gh (Ex 3). T phnmn ng, ng Blh, m h ,hh h mn pn G n h m n pp n h lu h ll hnl n lh h nn ul p il (Ex 40:3438).41 T, hnh zzlng hn h n x h llu y huml.

Blh n h m hm yplglly n h -, l nlyhn G h Fh gl h n n h . T Ch-m ng h n h n n n hll h h nn l G uh h h m hh g xpn hmnng lly nul xn hh y n un h gn h hp mpn . . .

h ml lln xn upn l nlu hm y mp ung.42in h , h awulung Ch n h n nly n h l nu u nu l n h awe-ullhp mpn.

w hul y n mn nlu, h pn, h Blh glyng ung. h,Blh ng u nn h h Ju Ch h pln G glyu h ply n un h h Fh ll, yng h Fh n un h n hyulllng h mn h l (Jhn 17). Tis is the beauty o Christs holiness. T , hu, zzlng hn h n h -, mhng h llung hn h g, hn hFh hugh h p gl h n n h h n n n hll h l h un l G u n Ch glu un. in un, G humny hml n h humln h.43

w h mnn n l n h G un nu mn n n hugh hCh-m. Y h Blh mn y h? t u, Ju Ch, h m h nlG l, pp n uh y h h ply l l u pnl lnhp hnG y nu, mnng lgl i-Tu lnhp hz y lln n hlnn h n l.44 Ang Blh, hugh, h n n y Ch (Phl 2:6) ll pml eternaln hn h Gh h m pl ll h n mmn G n h l.45

40 Hn U n Blh, Teology: Te Old Covenant, l. 6 GL (. Jph F n Jhn h;n. Em L-M n Bn MNl; n Fn: ignu, 1991), 42.

41 i., 6:43.42 Blh, GL, 1:460.43 Hn U n Blh, Teology: Te New Covenant, l. 7 GL (. Jph F n Jhn h;

n. Bn MNl; n Fn: ignu, 1989), 264317.44 Blh, GL, 1:610; 7:11561, 439.45 Hn U n Blh, Te Action, l. 4 Teo-Drama: Teological Dramatic Teory (n. Ghm

Hn; n Fn: ignu, 1994), 331; uqun n Teo-Drama D. Tnqun n mmn h Blh unn png m h pml mmn n

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T nnn n h l l-gng h Fh h h Fh p hml,hu mn, h Gh n hn h n (Jhn 14:26; 16:1315).46 T npn n nl hngng (eucharistia) h Fh, h u hngng l

n un h Fh gnl l-un. T p p m h Fh n h nuh h h mmn h h n l . . . mnn h nn n nhm, l n, n h h n p hm h, g .47 T nn n hn hGh h h possibility, n nly h n n hn h nmy,u l y h pn n n .48 wh mgh h gnn,hn, n nly h zzlng n G un l u l h n nl n Blh hlgy?

2.2. Importance to Understanding Balthasar

i my m h h png pgph h . t u, Blh hlgy h n hyhm n yl h qu lgn uy; h up h hllng, n Blh

hlgy pn h y up p ph.49 Y Blh n h, xpng muh m h :T m mnng hng ll l h ll. T h hng un u u ln y un n y h lgh. Fnlly . . . n G y, l h m hmnn n m, pn n h un lm, C n un. nly h nBng l l l.50

T ng h , Blh ln h gng hn G un l h lu l-gng, png xplnn h mn y h G l.

i ul n nly h l pn , n l pnng g , h gn.T l gng n un n n l hn h h gng. Fmh nlu h h npnn l l h ny l, qully

pully n ll h Pn, [] G l n nhng l.51

G ln hml M n h unng uh h ny ng n ull

xpn n Ju Ch h l G un l l, hh ul h n nn.G unl n Ju Ch n nn ly n hh h nnnl n h h ny, h n ply png h l h h Pn m G n. T n n uh lmn, [hugh,] mhng mmn h h Pn. h, h nl l ln pn.52 F Blh, hn, G esse h essentia, mng G n mply uhh G is u, g, n uul.

n nnn, hh ulmn n h ulm n nCh h n h n n hll( D, 4:31761 nMysterium Paschale, 2336).

46 Blh, D, 4:323.47 i., 4:324.48 i., 4:325.49 L, Bng inp L, 489.50 Hn U n Blh, wum h nh n Ch n, nZwei Pldoyers (. Hn U n Blh

n kl hn; Munh: kl, 1971), 52; qu n L, Bng inp L, 48990.51 Hn U n Blh,Epilogue (n. E t. ; n Fn: ignu, 2004), 93.52 i., 9293.

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Ch, Blh, h n h ng n unl h u, h g, n h uul h h n mmun u G l l un hn h nl pn h Gh.G gng hml, hn, m h l pn h n ng n h l-hng n

l-yng ulmn n h l-gng. n h , Blh , Bng l h unl nlunnn, hh u h nm nn l; nly h h nl myy lghll l n h h myy: why h Bng ll n hy n u hzn lgh nuh n gn n uy.53

i Blh unnng n n uqun xpln n h nl l G nn, hugh, h h n lm gng n mply? Cn h mnn hnn n h mmnn n h nm tny h ? An h unnng n nn h h ll mny? T h n qun h p h ph h zzlng n G un l n Blh hlgy, ng mpn qun ngll.

3. Engaging the Teology o Hans Urs von Balthasar

T muh h ngll n m h Blh. F xmpl, ngll n nuh Blh Chnm pp hlgl ng pn nng G nln u Ch h xg h Fh, n n h n G; nly hn, h n h Fh h h autos exegsat (Jhn 1:18).54 Engll n l hBlh hgh g h ll x: pu h w G n n h hChuh, u h w hh h Chuh, y h mn n h, n h m nlly ng h, gng h n h l.55 M, Blh mmmn h C-u nn, h gn n, h nlgl py h mmnn tny, nChlnn hxy ll hmnuly un hn h hll ngllm.

3.1. Critical Analsis

Engll, h, hul l h m n. t , h lly n ngng gng Blh unnng Hly uyCh n n hllhqun u Ch pup n nng n hh Blh hlgy Hly uy hxy n lpmn n hlgy guly .56 M ulng, n my mn,

53 Blh, GL, 1:158.54 Hn U n Blh, G i H n Exg, Communio 4 (1986): 280.55 Blh, GL, 1:539.56

Muh, u, h n m h nl hlgy Hly uy n Ch n nhll un n h ,Mysterium Paschale. Aly L. P,Light in Darkness: Hans Urs von Balthasar andthe Catholic Doctrine o Christs Descent into Hell(Gn p: Emn, 2007); E t. , T in-nl Lg Hly uy n h Tlgy Hn U n Blh,International Journal o Systematic Teol-ogy 9 (2007): 18499; n Lu, Barth on the Descent into Hell: God, Atonement and the Christian Lie(Alh, Engln: Ahg, 2004). l h h lly xhng n n P n Blh,Hll, n Hy: An Exhng, First Tings (m 2006): 2532 n Te Scottish Journal o Teology 62(2009): 195216, h Jhn w n Lu hly ngg h P, ng m h ungmlly. P nnu h nn h Gn C n h llng l: Aly P,lpmn n nl? Blh Hly uy n Nmn Essay, International Journal o

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Blh n n hlgy (hh h h h ) h h n nln nl n. T lmn h n hlgy m unmn G uny n, mppp h ll unnng Ch n, lu h nn n h

mmnn n nm tny, n pup yng unnng ln h pluh ngll nn sola gratia. B lng n h nn, n n n h Blh xpl h lnhp n n n humn m.

3.2. Gods Unit o Action

Blh nn nn n hn h nl Gh nl n nn muulmh h ll h Urdrama h tny h h Fh n h n h h m h hy . Humn m hn h l m pupp n n n hUrdrama. in h, G nly hl humn nngnly. Blh um:Unl G, h l, n n m hn , ll n h gun n l, n n nn : gun xluly n G m. T ng h , ng lly pnn

n n m, h l n ply n ly nh l u n h nln, h nlly h n ng h Fh gny.57 in n h lpm un n mn wn y, hh unn m mrom mnn uhy, Blh nn humn m nngn upn n m n un mormhng mn.58 uh nn m mmnl humn m hp n h lnl n pnl, xhng huml, n nn g m h un G.59 Y h hp n m ?

Blh nn n nl n, hh h h ply n nhumn m, m unmn h nn hlgy h uggl mnn G uny n (u 6:45). ll Blh pn h Fh m hy h Fh phml, hu mn, h Gh.60 in ng , h Fh hml h nun, hnng h n. T h Jhn Mln ll upn ml uhh h pnl h h n n . . . gn hn n Blh u htnn pn n ng.61 Cnqunly, Blh uggl ul h mn hn n l hughu h m p h , mng

Systematic Teology 11 (2009): 12945 n Gn C, T n n Hll lun h Plm h F Unnglz Nn-Chn: Blh Hll, h Lm h Fh, n Pugy,Interna-tional Journal o Systematic Teology 11 (2009): 14671.

57 Hn U n Blh, Teo-Drama: Teological Dramatic Teory, l. 2 Te Dramatis Personae:Man in God(n. Ghm Hn; n Fn: ignu, 1990), 261.

58 Pn g hlpul pn h lp m un pmnly n wn, llng h m nn (Te Sources o Christian Ethics [n. My Tm Nl;whngn, .C.: Chl Uny Am P, 1995], 327).

59 F uh un gng h m, h y n Cln Gunn, ., God andFreedom (Enugh, ln: t&t Cl, 1995) n Alxn J. Mkly, T Fm G n HumnLn: T uu n Fm, Te Princeton Seminary Bulletin 9 (1988): 197210.

60 Blh, D, 4:323.61 Jhn Mln, Te Suspended Middle: Henri de Lubac and the Debate Concerning the Supernatural

(Gn p: Emn, 2005), 74.

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mhng l hm (h muul hp pn Blh pp) hy mpllyqunng G n mply.62 M, h nl n mpl u n y hFh, n pn y h n, n nn n n hm hl gh

nly y h n h p. uh nn n nly n h pp nmphnlyu l uh qun h h un G n n.

3.3. Christs Kenosis and the Immanent/Economic rinit

tunng h lnhp n h mmnn n nm tny, Blh ghly mh nlgl py h mmnn tny n h n hlgy. in ng , h mmnntny, un h nl, lu l-un hy G n , n hml,lu l . . . xpln h l-gng h l l, hu uggng h G nh l p n h C n m hml.63 uh n n pum Blhmmmn h nn n h mmnn n h nm tny hy nu h Fh, n, n p n Pn nly hugh h m n pn Ju

Ch. Tu n g h h pnpl, n nun y, h nly n h hnm tny h h nlg h mmnn tny n m mn u.64

Blh um, hugh, h y mu un h mmnn tny h gun h l p (nlung h uxn) n uh y h nh ml p l-mmunn n G, n hn, n nngl n h l p, n Mlmnn, n u mmmn n mply. H lun h mnn nn n nl n hy h Fh l-un n h gnn h n n nln hn h Gh h unpn l

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Themelios, Volume 35 Issue 3

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