thenaturescopeandfunctionofschooladministration2-121015035147-phpapp02

8/16/2019 thenaturescopeandfunctionofschooladministration2-121015035147-phpapp02

1/58

THE NATURE, SCOPE,

AND FUNCTION OF

SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

THE NATURE, SCOPE,

AND FUNCTION OFSCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

DEM 325

RAMIL P. POLINTAN

Student, Ph.D. EM


2/58

EDUCATION ACT OF 1982

Landmark in !" !i#$r% $& !"

P!i'i((in" Ed)*ai$na' S%#"m

H)man U('i& S$*ia' Pr$+r"##

T!" a* r"#a"# !" ($'i*% $& !" #a"

$ "#a'i#! and mainain a *$m('"",

ad"-)a", and in"+ra"d #%#"m $&"d)*ai$n r"'".an $ !" +$a'# $&

nai$na' d"."'$(m"n, and i d"'in"a"#

#("*i&i* (r$.i#i$n# r"'".an $ .ari$)#

*$n*"rn# $& !" "d)*ai$na' "n"r(ri#"/


3/58

A C!a''"n+" $ S*!$$' Admini#ra$r

1/ P"r&$rm !i# d)i"# $ !"

#*!$$' % di#*!ar+in+ !i#

r"#($n#ii'ii"# in a**$rdan*" 0i! !" (!i'$#$(!%, +$a'#,

and $"*i."# $& !" #*!$$'

T!" Education Act of 1982 (r$.id"#

!a "."r% #*!$$' admini#ra$r

#!a''


4/58


2/ " a**$)na'" &$r !"

"&&i*i"n and "&&"*i."

admini#rai$n and mana+"m"n$& !" #*!$$'



#!a''


5/58


3/d"."'$( and mainain a #*!$$'

am$#(!"r" *$nd)*i." $ !"

(r$m$i$n and (r"#"r.ai$n $&

a*ad"mi* &r""d$m and "&&"*i.""a*!in+ and '"arnin+ and $

!arm$ni$)# and (r$+r"##i." #*!$$'4

("r#$nn"' r"'ai$n#!i(



#!a''


6/58


/a##)m" and mainain (r$&"##i$na'

"!a.i$)r in !i# 0$rk and in !i#

d"a'in+# 0i! #)d"n#, "a*!"r#,

a*ad"mi* n$n4"a*!in+ ("r#$nn"',admini#rai." #a&&, and (ar"n#

$r +)ardian#



#!a''


7/58


5/r"nd"r ad"-)a" r"($r# $

"a*!"r#, a*ad"mi* n$n4"a*!in+

("r#$nn"', and n$n4a*ad"mi* #a&&

$n !"ir a*)a' ("r&$rman*" and*$)n#"' !"m $n 0a%# $ im(r$."

!" #am"



#!a''


8/58


6/ $#"r." d)" (r$*"##,

&airn"##, (r$m(n"##, (ri.a*%,

*$n#r)*i."n"##, and

*$n#i#"n*% in di#*i('inin+!i# "a*!"r# and $!"r

("r#$nn"'



#!a''


9/58


7/ mainain ad"-)a" r"*$rd#

and #)mi r"-)ir"d r"($r# $

!" D"(arm"n $& Ed)*ai$n/



#!a''


10/58

Ed)*ai$na' C$mm)ni%

Ed)*ai$na' *$mm)ni% r"&"r#

$ !$#" ("r#$n# $r +r$)( $&

("r#$n# a# #)*! $r a##$*ia"d

in in#i)i$na' in.$'."d in

$r+ani"d "a*!in+ and

'"arnin+ #%#"m/:


11/58


12/58

AMINISTRATOR

T!" Na)r" $& S*!$$'

Admini#rai$n

PEOPLE

&$r !" a#k# $& $r+aniai$n !a

1/ !"% kn$0 0!a !"% ar" $ d$,

2/ !"% kn$0 !$0 $ +$ a !" a#k

$+"!"r,

3/ !"% +" i d$n", and

/ !"% ar" r"0ard"d &$r d$in+ i/


13/58

P"$('"

Ed)*ai$na' Admini#rai$n

S$*ia' Pr$*"##, in "rm# $&

bjective,

"*a)#" i d"#ir"d "nd a# a

0!$'" i# !)man and #$*ia'd"."'$(m"n/

Dir"*'% Indir"*'%


14/58


15/58

P"$('"


S$*ia' Pr$*"##, in "rm# $&

Method,

)i'i"# (r$*"d)r"#, and

"*!ni-)"# 0!i*! in.$'." $r

a&&"* !)man "in+# dir"*'%

$r indir"*'%/

Dir"*'% Indir"*'%


16/58

T!" Na)r" $& Ed)*ai$na'

Admini#rai$n

T0$ *$m('"m"nar% ;i"0#

&$)ndai$na' .i"0 &)n*i$na' .i"0

“why” one behavesas he does, and it

utii!es estabished

and e"e#$in$theo#eti%a

a"ewo#'s &o#anaysin$ the

ante%edents,#edi%to#s

“what” one does o#shoud do as a

s%hooad"inist#ato#, and it&o%usses on the

tas's and a%tivitiesin whi%h one "ust

be %o"(etent i& he


17/58

S*$("

S*$(" and F)n*i$n $&

S*!$$' Admini#rai$n

&)n*i$n

1/T$ !"'( *$mm)ni% ran#'a" !"

$."ra'', and #$m"0!a n")'$)#, +$a'#


18/58

2/T$ dir"* and #)("r.i#" !" amain+'%

*$m('"= a#k $& rin+in+ $+"!"r !"

n"*"##ar% "a*!"r#, #)d"n#, and

#)(($r ("r#$nn"', a'$n+ 0i! !"

r"-)ir"d (!%#i*a' ('an and "d)*ai$na'

"-)i(m"n and ma"ria'#, in$ an

$("rain+ )ni kn$0n a# a #*!$$'/

Fi." ma$r F)n*i$n# in



19/58

3/ T$ "#a'i#! and mainain "&&"*i."

&""da*k: *ir*)i# #$ !a an ad"-)a"

".a')ai$n $& !$0 ar" 0" d$in+: i# a'0a%#

a.ai'a'"/ T!i# 0i'' in*')d" r"#"ar*!

$("rai$n# $& 0$ kind# r"#"ar*! $

+a!"r daa and (r"#"n an a**)ra" (i*)r"

$& !" $("rai$n a# i#: "=("rim"na'

r"#"ar*! $ )i'i" n"0 &a*# &r$m !" (!%#i*a' and !)man #*i"n*"# a'$n+ 0i! n"0

!"$ri"# $& '"arnin+ in an "&&$r $ (r$d)*"

im(r$."d "a*!in+ and '"arnin+ #i)ai$n#/




20/58

/T$ iniia" n"0 #r)*)r"#,

(r$*"##"#, $r (r$*"d)r"# !a "*$m"

n"*"##ar% &$r +$a' a*!i"."m"n $r &$r*!an+in+ "=i#in+ +$a'# and ()r($#"#/

T!" n"*"##i% &$r #)*! iniia$r%

a*i.ii"# and !" indi*ai$n $& !"

kind n""d"d 0i'' " d"ri."d &r$m !"a&$r"m"ni$n"d ".a')ai$n/




21/58

5/T$ *$mm)ni*a" 0i! !" $d% ($'ii*

r"+ardin+ a'' (!a#"# $& !"

"d)*ai$na' in#i)i$n/ T!i# in.$'."#

0$40a% *$mm)ni*ai$n, n$ a #im('"

$n"4+r$)( "''in+ an$!"r (r$*"## )

a r)" and *$nin)$)# *$n."r#ai$n4adia'"*i* *$n*"rnin+ "d)*ai$n/




22/58

R"#$)r*"#

?r$ad F)n*i$na' Ar"a# $&

Admini#rai$n

P$'i*% E="*)i$n

i# d"&in"d a# a

#a"m"n $&!$#" $"*i."#

!a +)id" !"

a*i$n# $&

#)#ania' ($ri$n $& !"

$a'

$r+aniai$n/

("$('", m$n"%,

a)!$ri%, and ma"ria'#/

D"*i#i$n4

makin+ i# a'#$

)#"d % !"

admini#ra$r

in d"a'in+

0i! r"#$)r*"4

a''$*ai$n /

in"+rai$n

and a#%n!"#i# $&

r"#$)r*"# and

($'i*i"# !a

ar"

in"rr"'a"d

$ a*!i"." a

()r($#"&)'

$r+aniai$n


23/58

Ta#k $& S*!$$' Admini#ra$r

1/In#r)*i$na' (r$+ram

2/Sa&& ("r#$nn"'

3/S)d"n4("r#$nn"'

/Finan*ia' and (!%#i*a' r"#$)r*"#5/S*!$$'4*$mm)ni% r"'ai$n#!i(#/

Ta#k# r"&"rrin+ $ 0!a i# "=("*"d $ " d$n": % !" #*!$$' admini#ra$r in

(r$.idin+ '"ad"r#!i( &$r !" im(r$."m"n

$& !" #*!$$'/


24/58

Ar"a# $& R"#($n#ii'i%

$& Admini#ra$r

1/ P)r($#in+42/ Mainainin+4

3/ A''$*ain+4

/ E.a')ain+4


25/58

EDUCATION ACT OF 1982

F)n*i$n

$& !" S*!$$'

S*!$$' Admini#ra$ra'' ("r#$n# $**)(%in+ ($'i*%4

im('"m"nin+ ($#ii$n !a.in+ $ d$

0i! !" &)n*i$n:, &)n*i$na'

ar"a#:, a#k#:, ar"a# $&r"#($n#ii'i%:, and &)n*i$na'

*a"+$ri"#: ar" r"&"rr"d $

"d)*ai$na' admini#rai$n/


26/58

S%#"m

Ana'%#i#

S%#"m A((r$a*! $

S*!$$' Admini#rai$n

S%#"m

S%n!"#i#@a)&man

Steps in system analysis:

1/Id"ni&%in+ !" (r$'"m and

2/D""rminin+ #$')i$n r"-)ir"m"n# and

a'"rnai."#

Steps in system synthesis:

3/C!$$#in+ a #$')i$n #ra"+% &r$ma'"rnai."#

/Im('"m"nin+ !" #$')i$n #ra"+%

5/D""rminin+ ("r&$rman*" "&&"*i."n"##/


27/58

E&&i*i"n*%,: and E&&"*i."n"##:

Bi#$n and H)n d"#*ri"d

!"ir *$n*"( $& "&&i*i"n*%: a#

!" rai$ $& r"a'i"d $)*$m"# $

in() $& ("r#$nn"' id"ni&i"d 0i!!" #*!$$' ma"ria': and !"%

"=(r"## i in !" &$''$0in+ &$rm)'a

Ef = _____ R ______

R (P, S) + M


28/58

E&&i*i"n*%,: and E&&"*i."n"##:

O!"r a)!$r# d"#*ri"d !"ir

*$n*"( $& "&&"*i."n"## a# !"

rai$ $& r"a'i"d $)*$m"# $

in"nd"d $)*$m"#,: and "=(r"## i,&$rm)'a40i#", a# &$''$0#

Ef = ____R ___

I


29/58

#$m"im"# r"&"rr"d $ a# ()r($#" $r$"*i."#, +i." dir"*i$n $ !"

"d)*ai$na' "&&$r/

ENDS

T!" *)rri*)')m i# !" m"an# )i'i"d

$ aain !" "nd#/

I in*')d"# !" *$n*"(# and &a*)a'

daa #"'"*"d, !" m"!$d$'$+%

"m('$%"d, !" "=("ri"n*"# *$nri."d,

and !" $r+aniai$na' #raa+"m#

)#"d/


30/58

E&&i*i"n*% $& M"an#

E&&i*i"n*% $& M"an# and

E&&"*i."n"## $& M"an# a# A(('i"d $

E.a')ai$n $& C)rri*)')m

In.$'."# im" and m$n"%

i'' !" *)rri*)')m m"an#

a**$m('i#! !" aainm"n

$& !" in"nd"d +$a' 0i!in

!" r"a#$na'" im" and &$r

r"a#$na'" am$)n $&

m$n"%:


31/58

E&&i*i"n*% $& M"an#

i& a (ari*)'ar m"an# i# $!a((r$(ria" and .a'id )

r"-)ir"# $$ m)*! im", !"n

i d$"# n$ m"" *ri"ri$n $&

"&&i*i"n*%/ Or a +i."n m"an#

ma% " ."r% -)i*k $

a**$m('i#! !" in"nd"d

$"*i."#, ) i& i#"=r"m"'% *$#'% $ "m('$%,

!"n i d$"# n$ m"" !"

"&&i*i"n*% *ri"ri$n/


32/58

E&&"*i." $& M"an#

*$n"n, m"!$d$'$+%, $r+aniai$na'arran+"m"n#, "=("ri"n*"/

Ar" !" *)rri*)')m "nd#

a*)a''% aain"d: D$ !"#)d"n# '"arn 0!a i# in"nd"d

&$r !"m $ '"arn: Ar" !"

d"#ir"d $"*i."# r"a'i"d:

D$ !" arran+"m"n $& im",

#(a*", and #a&& ma=ima''%

*$nri)" $ !" aainm"n $&

!" in"nd"d $"*i."#:


33/58

In#i)i$na'

E&&"*i."n"##

S*!$$' Admini#rai$n

Indi.id)a'

E&&i*i"n*%

S$*ia' S%#"m

T!"$r%

E&&"*i."n"##r"'a"# $ !"

a**$m('i#!m"n $&

*$$("rai."

()r($#", 0!i*! i##$*ia' and n$n4

("r#$na' in

*!ara*"r/

E&&i*i"n*%r"'a"# $ !"

#ai#&a*i$n $&

indi.id)a'

m$i."# and i# ("r#$na' in

*!ara*"r/


34/58

T!"$r% $&

S*!$$' Admini#rai$n

T!"$r% $& G M*Br"+$r

T!"$r% .i"0# "!a.i$)r in "rm#

$& $r+aniai$n,

*$nr$' and

dir"*i$n/

T!"$r% G .i"0#

"!a.i$)r in "rm#

$& !)man +r$0!,

#"'&4"=(r"##i$n,

#"'&4dir"*i$n,and #"'&4

&)'&i'm"n/


35/58

Or+aniai$n

T0$ ;ia' A#("*# $&

S*!$$' Admini#rai$n

Mana+"m"n

i# !" r"#r)*)rin+$& indi.id)a'# and

&)n*i$n# in$

(r$d)*i."

r"'ai$n#!i(/ I i#

*$n*"rn"d main'%

0i! !" &$rma' and

rai$na' a#("*# $&

admini#rai$n/

r"&"r# $ !"

dir"*i$n $&

indi.id)a'# and

&)n*i$n# $ a*!i"."

"nd# (r".i$)#'%

d""rmin"d/ Iin.$'."# !" !)man

and +"n"ra'iin+

&a*$r#/


36/58

Di#in*i$n "0""n

Admini#rai$n and

Mana+"m"n

Di#in*i$n "0""n

Admini#rai$n and Mana+"m"n

Admini#rai$n

Mana+"m"n

Ad"inist#ation Mana$e"entIt i d b t th It t i t ti th li i


37/58

Natu#e o& +o#'

It is concerned about the

determination of objectives and

major policies of an organization.

It puts into action the policiesand plans laid down by theadministration.

Ty(e o& un%tion It is a determinative function It is an executive function

S%o(e

It takes major decisions of an

enterprise as a whole.

It takes decisions within the

framework set by theadministration.

Leve o& Autho#ity It is a top-level activity. It is a middle level activity. Natu#e o& status

It consists of owners who invest

capital in and receive prots from

an enterprise.

It is a group of managerial

personnel who use their

specialized knowledge to full

the objectives of anenterprise. Natu#e o& -sa$e

It is popular with government

military educational and

religious organizations.

It is used in businessenterprises

De%ision Ma'in$

Its decisions are in!uenced by

public opinion government

policies social and religious

factors.

Its decisions are in!uenced by

the values opinions and

beliefs of the managers.

Main un%tion

"lanning and organizing functions

are involved in it.

#otivating and controllingfunctions are involved in it

Abiities

It needs administrative rather

than technical abilities.

$dministration handles the

It re%uires technical activities.

#anagement handles the

employees.


38/58

Admini#rai$n

Ed)*ai$na'

B$."rnan*"

*$n*"rn"d 0i! !" (r$*"## $&

admini#"rin+, !" "="*)i$n $& ()'i* a&&air# in "d)*ai$na'

$r+aniai$n#, !" ("r&$rman*" $&

"="*)i." &)n*i$n#, +)idin+,

*$nr$''in+, and dir"*in+ $&"d)*ai$na' $r+aniai$n#, and !"

)di*i$)# )#" $& m"an# $ a**$m('i#!

"d)*ai$na' "nd#/


39/58

Admini#rai$n

Ed)*ai$na'

B$."rnan*"

i# *$n*"rn"d 0i! !" ($'ii*a' &)n*i$n

$& ($'i*%4makin+ in "d)*ai$n !"

$r+aniai$n and ma*!in"r% !r$)+! 0!i*!

($'ii*a' )ni# #)*! a# a+"n*i"#, #a"#

and '$*a' #*!$$' "="r*i#" a)!$ri% and

("r&$rm &)n*i$n# and !" *$m('"=

($'ii*a' in#i)i$n, 'a0#, and *)#$m#

!a *$m(ri#" !" #"in+ &$r !"

("r&$rman*" $& admini#rai." &)n*i$n#

and r"#($n#ii'ii"#/


40/58

Mana+"m"n:

i# !" !i+!"# $rd"r $&

admini#rai$n/ Mana+"m"n i# !"

".id"n*" $& -)a'i% admini#rai$n,

) !" r)# $& !" mana+"m"n r$'"

i# #i'' a*i$n4$ri"n"d/

Mana+"m"n i# *$n*"rn"d 0i!

in"rna' &)n*i$n# 0!i*! "na'" !"$r+aniai$n $ r"a'i" i#

"#a'i#!"d aim# and +$a'#/


41/58

Admini#rai$n:

"=i# $ #"r." and &a*i'ia" !"

"&&"*i." $("rai$n $& !" .ari$)#

(!a#"# $& !" #*!$$'# $a'

(r$+ram/

In !i# *$n"= mana+"m"n r"&"r# $

.ari$)# 0a%# !r$)+! 0!i*! !)man and

ma"ria' r"#$)r*"# *an " m$i'i"d$ 0$rk $0ard aainin+ !" #*!$$'

+$a'/


42/58

Admini#rai$n:

Sergiovanni d"&in"# admini#rai$n

in i# mana+"m"n #"n#" a# !"

#*i"n*" and ar $& a*!i".in+

$r+aniai$na' $"*i."# in a

&a#!i$n 0!i*! i# *$#4"&&"*i." and

0!i*! $ain# #)&&i*i"n "a*!"r and

*$n#)m"r #ai#&a*i$n $ "n#)r"

!"ir *$nin)"d (ari*i(ai$n and#)(($r/:


43/58

?$$m 'in"


Educational Leade!hi"

T!" "d)*ai$na' '"ad"r i#

."r% m)*! *$n*"rn"d 0i! !"

i##)" $& ()r($#" anddir"*i$n/

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/What%20is%20Leadership.avihttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/What%20is%20Leadership.avi


44/58

R"#$)r*"#

Admini#rai$n

P$'i*% E="*)i$n

D"*i#i$n4Makin+

P$'i*%4Makin+


45/58

Pr$+ramm"d

P$'i*i"# ar" n$ $n'%

&$rm)'a"d

C$mm)ni*a"d

M$ni$r"d

E.a')a"d


46/58

The Policy Cycle

Policymaking Process


47/58

;id"$ $&

@12 En!an*"d ?a#i*Ed)*ai$n Pr$+ram

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/K+12%20Enhanced%20Basic%20Education%20Program.avihttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/K+12%20Enhanced%20Basic%20Education%20Program.avi


48/58

"olicymaking "rocess

• "roblem Identication and $genda&etting

Problem Identifcation

– 'hat is the problem( 'hat happens if we do nothing(

– )emand for government action to resolve a problem or takeadvantage of an opportunity

– *etting the government to see the problem

– "roblems capture the attention of policymakers throughindicators focusing events +disasters, crises feedback orproblems just fade away

– udget +money makes the world go around, is a special problem


49/58


Agenda Setting

– hose items policymakers are discussingand seriously considering

– *etting the government to begin to act onthe problem

– /utput that transform the problem into anI&&01

• Issue 2 con!ict between two or moreidentiable groups over procedural or

substantive matters relating to the distributionof ositions and resources


50/58

Poi%y"a'in$ P#o%ess

• "olicy 3ormulation

–

)evelopment of a plan to solvethe problem

–*overnment4s proposed solution

to the problem


51/58

Poi%y"a'in$ P#o%ess

• Poi%yAdo(tionLe$iti"ation

– De%ision / "a'in$ state – Deveo("ent o& su((o#t &o# a

s(e%i0% (#o(osa su%h that the(oi%y is e$iti"i!ed o# autho#i!ed

–1ettin$ the $ove#n"ent to a%%e(t a(a#ti%ua# soution to the (#obe"

– Poi%y de%isions #ests on (ubi%o2%ias o# body to ado(t, "odi&y o##e3e%t a (#e&e##ed (oi%y ate#native


52/58


•

"olicy Implementation – $pplication of the adopted policy by the

government4s bureaucracy to the problem

– 1xecution of a program that has been

adopted by legislation or by executive or judicial order

– 5ontrol +designed to cause people to do

things refrain from doing things or continuedoing things that they otherwise would notdo, 1x. 5oercive6non coercive inspectionlicensing contracts taxation sanctions etc.

– 5ompliance +induce people to act in

P i 'i P


53/58

Poi%y"a'in$ P#o%ess• Poi%y Evauation / esti"ation,

assess"ent, o# a((#aisa o& (oi%yin%udin$ its %ontent, i"(e"entationand e)e%ts

– E)e%tiveness4 5as the vaued out%o"e

been a%hieved6 – E2%ien%y4 5ow "u%h e)o#t was #e7ui#ed

to a%hieve a vaued #esut6

– Ade7ua%y4 To what e8tent does the

a%hieve"ent o& a vaued out%o"e #esovethe (#obe"6

– E7uity4 A#e %osts and bene0ts dist#ibutede7uitaby a"on$ di)e#ent $#ou(s6

– Res(onsiveness4 Do (oi%y out%o"es

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The Policy Cycle

Policymaking Process


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