Reporter: Carla D. Español

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is a construct that refers to our ability to acquire

knowledge, think and reason logically, and deal effectively

with the environment.

Measuring Intelligence

Measuring

Stanford-Binet Intelligent Test

is the modern version of test designed to assess the intelligence of children and adults from ages two to twenty-four. The difficulty of test items is arranged according to age. Therefore, there are questions intended for people with different age brackets.

Wechsler Scales• Wechsler Adult Intelligence (WAIS) for adult• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

(WISC) 6-16 yrs. old• Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of

Intelligence (WPPSI) 4-6 yrs. old

• Two subtests–Performance subtests–Verbal subtests

Theories of

Theories of IntelligenceSpearman’s Two-Factor TheoryThorndike’s Multifactor Theory

Thurstone’s TheoryTriarchic Theory of Intelligence

David Perkins’ TheoryAlfred Binet’s Unifactor Theory

Raymond B. Catell’s Theory of IntelligenceJ.P. Cubical Structure of Intellect Theory

1. Spearman’s Two-Factor TheoryCharles SpearmanBornCharles Edward Spearman• 10 September 1863• London, United KingdomDied• 17 September 1945

(aged 82)• London, United Kingdom

‘G’ Factor and ‘S’ FactorGENERAL INTELLIGENCE FACTORRefers to inborn ability

SPECIFIC INTELLIGENCE FACTORInfluenced by environment

Two-FactorTheory

2. Thorndike’s Multifactor TheoryEdward Lee ThorndikeBorn• August 31, 1874,

Williamsburg, Massachusetts, United States

Died • August 9, 1949, Montrose,

New York, United States

He believes that there is nothing like general ability. Each individual manifests an accumulation of varied sets of abilities.

He forwarded these characteristics of intelligence:• Level refers to the degree of difficulty of

certain tasks.• Range is for the quantity of tasks at certain

level of difficulty.• Area means the overall quantity of tasks at

each level.• Speed is the rate of movement for each

tasks.

3. Thurstone’s TheoryLouis L. ThurstoneBorn• 29 May 1887• Chicago, IllinoisDied• 30 September 1955

(aged 68)• Chapel Hill, North

Carolina

He offered a primary mental ability theory of intelligence. For him, individuals do not possess a single ability but they have general ability.

His perspective is centered on the following mental abilities:• Verbal comprehension• Reasoning• Perceptual speed• Numerical ability• Word fluency• Associative memory• Spatial visualization

4. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Robert Jeffrey SternbergBorn• December 8, 1949 (age 66)• Newark, New Jersey, U.S.

He developed this theory to emphasize products of or the end results of intellectual work.

(Componential Intelligence)

(Experiential Intelligence) (Contextual Intelligence)

Performance components (LOTS)Metacomponents

(HOTS)Knowledge-acquisition

components

5. David Perkins’ Theory

He proposed that intelligence is learnable.

He postulated that individual’s IQ has atleast three components:

•Neural Intelligence• Experiential Intelligence•Reflective Intelligence

6. Alfred Binet’s Unifactor Theory

Alfred BinetBorn• July 8, 1857• Nice, FranceDied• October 18, 1911 (aged

54)• Paris, France

Introduced the theory of mental age as the basis of his scoring in later tests.

IQ TestX 100Chronological Age

Mental Age

7. Raymond B. Catell’s Theory of Intelligence

Raymond Bernard CattellBorn• 20 March 1905• Hilltop, near Birmingham,

EnglandDied• 2 February 1998 (aged 92)• Honolulu, Hawaii

8. J.P. Guilford’s Cubical Structure of Intellect Theory

Joy Paul Guilford March 7, 1897 in Marquette, Nebraska – November 26, 1987 in Los Angeles

• He concluded that intelligence is not just a single trait but is made up of a series of distinctly different modes of thoughts.