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05/01/2023 1By - Mr. H.J.Ahire
FUNDAMENTALS & TYPES OF MECHANISM
Theory Of Machine
Prof. H.J.AHIREBE. Mtech M/C Design
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Mechanics
Dynamics
Kinetics Kinematics
Statics
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Theory Of Machine
• The Machine receives energy in some available form and uses it to do some particular type of work
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STATICS• It deals with the study the forces acting on
machine in rest.
DYNAMICS• It deals with the study the forces acting on
various parts of a machine
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KINEMATICS• It is the study of motion, quite apart from the
forces which produce that motion.• It is the study of position, displacement,
rotation, speed, velocity and acceleration.
KINETICS• It is the study of inertia force which arries due
to combined effect
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STRUCTURE• It is defined as the combination of rigid or
resistance bodies assembled they having no relative motion in between them and transmit only forces
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MECHANISM An assembly of moving parts performing a complete
functional motion. A mechanism is a device designed to transform input
forces and movement into a desired set of output forces and movement.
Mechanisms generally consist of moving components such as gears and gear trains, belt and chain drives, cam and follower mechanisms, and linkages as well as friction devices such as brakes and clutches, and structural components such as the frame, fasteners, bearings, springs, lubricants and seals, as well as a variety of specialized machine elements such as splines, pins and keys.
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MACHINE• It is defined as a device which receives energy
and transforms it into some useful work.• If the mechanism is used to transmit power
(or) to do work, then it is known as machine.• We can define machine as a device for
transferring and transforming motion and force or power from the input that is, the source to the output that is the load
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KINEMATIC LINK
• It is a resistant body or assembly of resistant body of a machine connecting other parts of the machine with relative motion between them.
• There are three types of links available in order to transmit motion. They are as follows:
»Rigid link» Flexible link» Fluid link
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TYPES KINEMATIC LINKRigid linkA rigid link is one which does not undergo any deformation while transmitting motion. Practically rigid link does not exists. Ex : crank shaft, piston etc.,Flexible linkA flexible link is one which undergoes partial deformation without affecting the transfer motion. Ex : ropes, belts, chains, springs etc.,Fluid linkA fluid link is a link which has fluid inside the container and motion is transmitted through the fluid by pressure or compression. Ex: fluids used in hydraulic press, hydraulic jack, hydraulic crane etc.,
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KINEMATIC PAIR
• A joint of two links that permits relative motion is called pair.
Types of kinematic pair1. Nature of relative motion between the links.2. Nature of contact between the links.3. Nature of mechanical arrangement.
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TYPES OF KINEMATIC PAIRNature of relative motion
» Sliding pair» Turning pair» Cylindrical pair» Rolling pair» Spherical pair» Helical pair
Nature of contact» Lower pair» Higher pair
Nature of mechanical constraint» Closed pair» Unclosed pair
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Sliding pair
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Turning pair
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Cylindrical pair
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Rolling pair
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Spherical pair
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Helical pair or screw pair
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Lower pair
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Higher pair
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NATURE OF CONTACT
Closed pair• When two elements of a pair are held together
mechanically, they constitute a closed pair. Ex : All pair
Un closed pair• When two elements of a pair are not held
together mechanically, they constitute a unclosed pair.
Ex : cam and follower
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KINEMATIC CHAIN
• If the last link is joined to first link to transmit definite motion, then it is known as kinematic chain.
• To determine the given assemblage of links form the kinematic chain or not:• The two equations are:l = 2p – 4j = (3/2) * l – 2Where, l = number of linksp = number of pairsj = number of joints
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CONSTRAINED MOTIONS
Constrained Motions
Completely Constrained Motion
Uncompletely Constrained Motion
Successfully Constrained Motion
• Completely Constrained Motion
• Successfully Unconstrained Pair Constrained Pair
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INVERSION OF MECHANISM
The method of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links in a kinematic chain, is known as inversion of the mechanism.
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TYPES OF KINEMATIC CHAIN
Kinematic chain
Four bar chain Slider crank chain
Double crank chain
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FOUR BAR CHAIN
Inversion Of Four
Bar Chain
Beam Engine
Coupled Locomotive Wheels
Watt’s Indicator Mechanis
m
Pantograph
Ackermann
Mechanism
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INVERSION OF FOUR BAR CHAINFirst inversion
Beam Engine
second Inversion
Coupling rod of locomotive
Third Inversion
Watt’s Indicator Mechanism
Pantograph
Ackermann Steering
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SECOND INVERSIONBeam engine
BEAM Engine Crank & Lever Mechanism.mp4
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SECOND INVERSION
Coupling rod of a locomotive
COUPLING ROD OF LOCOMOTIVE MECHANISM.mp4
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SECOND INVERSION
Watt’s indicator mechanism
How Watts Straight Line motion mechanism works.mp4
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SECOND INVERSION
Pantograph
pentograph working.mp4
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INVERSION OF SLIDER CRANK CHAIN
Sing
le sl
ider
cra
nk
chai
n
Reciprocating engine
Reciprocating compressor
Whitworth quick return mechanismRotary or Gnome
engineCrank and slotted lever mechanism
Oscillating cylinder engine
Bull engine
Pump engine
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First Inversion
Reciprocating engine
Second Inversion
Whitworth quick return mechanism
Rotary engine
Third Inversion
Oscillating cylinder engine
Crank and slotted lever mechanism
Fourth Inversion
Bull Engine
Hand Pump
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FIRST INVERSION
• Reciprocating engine
Animation Of Single Slider Crank Mechanism.mp4
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SECOND INVERSION
• Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism
How Whitworth Quick Return motion mechanism works.mp4
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SECOND INVERSION
• Rotary Engine
Introducing MechaniCards Mechanical Greeting Cards.mp4
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THIRD INVERSION
• Oscillating Cylinder Engine
Oscillating Cylinder engine mechanism.mp4
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• Crank and Slotted lever Quick return MechanismTHIRD INVERSION
How Crank and Slotted lever Quick Return Motion mechanism works.mp4
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FOURTH INVERSION
• Pendulum pump or bull engine
PENDULUM PUMP MECHANISM.mp4
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Double Slider Crank Chain
Elliptical Trammel
Scotch Yoke Mechanism
Oldham Coupling
DOUBLE SLIDER CRANK CHAIN
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FIRST INVERSION
Elliptical Trammel
Slider Crank Mechanism.mp4Elliptical Trammel mechanism in CATIA!!!!!.mp4
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SECOND INVERSION
Scotch Yoke Mechanism
Scotch yoke Mechanism.mp4Double slider crank chain.mp4
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THIRD INVERSION
Oldham's Coupling
OLDHAMS COUPLING ANIMATION.mp4
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• Oldham's Coupling
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COMMON MECHANISM COMMON MECHANISM
Geneva Mechanism
Ackermann Steering Mechanism
Bicycle rear wheel sprocket mechanism
Foot operated air pump mechanism
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GENEVA MECHANISM
Geneva Mechanism.mp4 Geneva Pair - Geneva mechanism - Geneva drive - Malteserkreuzgetriebe.mp4
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Application of the Geneva drive• One is movie projectors : the film does not run
continuously through the projector. Instead, the film is advanced frame by frame, each frame standing still in front of the lens for 1/24 of a second
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ACKERMAN STEERINGACKERMANN STEERING
LJMU 2009 Formula Student Car Steering 100% Ackerman Geometry.mp4
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ACKERMAN STEERING
Ackerman's steering mechanism.3gp.mp4
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BICYCLE REAR WHEEL SPROCKET MECHANISM
Ratchet mechanism 5.mp4
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FOOT OPERATED AIR PUMP MECHANISM
Foot Pump Animation.mp4 Status report - Harbor Freight foot pump - Item 37544.mp4