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Theory of Reasoned Action• Basis for the Theory of Planned Behavior
• Attitude• Belief and evaluation of the behavior
• Subjective norms• Opinions of others and motivation to comply
Perceived Behavioral Control• Objective realities interpreted by individuals
• External factors• “Will and skill”• Varies greatly between people• Can be vastly different than reality
• Perceived Behavioral Control can greatly outweigh the other two constructs
Control Beliefs• Can I affect the outcome in question?
• Facilitating and inhibiting factors
• Beliefs ≠ Reality
Perceived Power• Strength of each facilitating or inhibiting factor
• Example• A man trying to quit smoking• Support from his wife and knowledge of the detriments of smoking
fulfill the TRA• However the strength of his addiction and cost of smoking
cessation are inhibiting factors with immense perceived power
Theory of Planned Behavior Example• An alcoholic is considering quitting drinking
• Known negative health outcomes• Behavioral belief and personal evaluation of outcomes
• Positive pressure to quit from spouse and some friends, negative pressure from co-workers and other friends• Normative beliefs, hold different weight
• Resources to quit are readily available, and they are motivated despite the addiction• External and internal perceived control factors
DECISIONS/INTENTIONS
SOCIAL SITUATION
BIOLOGY/PERSONALITY
THE THEORY OF TRIADIC INFLUENCE
ATTITUDESTOWARD THE
BEHAVIOR
SOCIALNORMATIVE
BELIEFS
Trial Behavior
EXPERIENCES: Expectancies -- Social Reinforcements -- Psychological/Physiological
SELF-EFFICACYBEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Nurture/CulturalBiological/NatureIntrapersonal Stream Social/Normative Stream Cultural/Attitudinal Stream
Values/Evaluations
Knowledge/Expectancies
PerceivedNorms
Information/Opportunities
InterpersonalBonding
SocialCompetence
Interactions w/Social Instit’s
Others’Beh & Atts
Motivationto Comply
Skills:Social+General
Sense ofSelf/Control
SelfDetermination
1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
l
4 5 6
19 20 21
22
23
DistalInfluences
ProximalPredictors
Levels ofCausation
UltimateCauses
Social/Personal Nexus
Expectancies & Evaluations
Affect andCognitions
Decisions
Experiences
Related BehaviorsJ
K
CULTURALENVIRONMENT
DECISIONS/INTENTIONS
SOCIAL SITUATION
BIOLOGY/PERSONALITY
THE THEORY OF TRIADIC INFLUENCE
ATTITUDESTOWARD THE
BEHAVIOR
SOCIALNORMATIVE
BELIEFS
Trial Behavior
EXPERIENCES: Expectancies -- Social Reinforcements -- Psychological/Physiological
SELF-EFFICACYBEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Nurture/CulturalBiological/NatureIntrapersonal Stream Social/Normative Stream Cultural/Attitudinal Stream
Values/Evaluations
Knowledge/Expectancies
PerceivedNorms
Information/Opportunities
InterpersonalBonding
SocialCompetence
Interactions w/Social Instit’s
Others’Beh & Atts
Motivationto Comply
Skills:Social+General
Sense ofSelf/Control
SelfDetermination
1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
l
4 5 6
19 20 21
22
23
DistalInfluences
ProximalPredictors
Levels ofCausation
UltimateCauses
Social/Personal Nexus
Expectancies & Evaluations
Affect andCognitions
Decisions
Experiences
Related BehaviorsJ
K
CULTURALENVIRONMENT
Prenatal Drug Use Example• Attitude Towards Behavior
• Subjective Norms
• Perceived Behavioral Control
Prenatal Drug Use Example• Attitude Towards Behavior
• Known negative health outcomes• Don’t care because of strong addiction, altered neural pathways
• Subjective Norms
• Perceived Behavioral Control
Prenatal Drug Use Example• Attitude Towards Behavior
• Known negative health outcomes• Don’t care because of strong addiction, altered neural pathways
• Subjective Norms• Stigmatized, but common in the population• Families are often users too, no pressure to comply
• Perceived Behavioral Control
Prenatal Drug Use Example• Attitude Towards Behavior
• Known negative health outcomes• Don’t care because of strong addiction, altered neural pathways
• Subjective Norms• Stigmatized, but common in the population• Families are often users too, no pressure to comply
• Perceived Behavioral Control• Difficult to enroll in treatment• Effective live-in programs are very expensive• Addiction magnifies these inhibitors
Information, Motivation, Skill Model• Similar to the Theory of Planned Behavior
• Information• What do I know (like belief/evaluation for attitude)
• Motivation• Do I want to make a change (like attitude and subjective norms)
• Skill• Am I capable of making change (like perceived behavioral control)