Therapy
Based on Freud Through free-association, dreams, hypnosis
etc., the therapist and patient can gain insight and express previously repressed feelings
Lying on the couch stereotype
Psychoanalysis
Also influenced by Freud Focus on themes across relationships,
including childhood experiences
Psychodynamic therapy
Maslow and Rodgers Emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth Self-awareness and self-acceptance Focus on:
Present and future (rather than past) Conscious thoughts (rather than unconscious) Taking responsibility Growth; “clients” instead of “patients”
Humanistic Therapies
Paraphrase Invite Clarification Reflect Feelings
Focuses on removing troubling symptoms Applies learning principles Classical Conditioning
Counterconditioning Exposure therapies
Systematic desensitization Virtual reality
Aversive Conditioning
Behavior Therapies
Operant conditioning Token economy Assertiveness training
Nonassertive Aggressive Assertive
Situation 1 B A C 2 A C B 3 C B A 4 B A C 5 C B A 6 A C B 7 B A C 8 C A B 9 B C A
Our thinking influences our feelings So to change our feelings…?
Cognitive Therapies
Kinda like it sounds
Group and Family therapies
Research
Meta-Analysis Regression toward the mean
Psychotherapy’s effectiveness
Eye-movement Bee stings Trepanation Light Exposure
Alternative Therapies
Hope Perspective Trusting, caring relationship
Commonalities Among Therapies
Antipsychotic drugs
Calmed patients Block dopamine receptor sites (an excess of
dopamine is related to schizophrenia)
Drug Therapies
Antianxiety drugs
Depress nervous system activity Xanax
Antidepressant drugs
Increase serotonin Used to treat anxiety as well as depression Aerobic exercise is usually as effective
Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Has brutal reputation but does work, especially in treating depression
Results in seizures and short-term memory loss
Brain Stimulation
Lobotomy
Surgery
Incidences of mental illness have been
increasing. Is society to blame?
Prevention of Psychological Disorders