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• Thermal remediation processes
• A look at ISTR technologies
• Some European / UK project experience
• The advantages of ISTR
In-Situ Thermal Remediation
Why is Remediation so Difficult?
Why is Remediation so Difficult?
• Matrix Diffusion
• Heterogeneity
• Depth
• Buildings and infrastructure
Thermally Enhanced Mechanisms
• Mass transfer
• Hydrolysis
• Enhanced biotic / abiotic biodegradation
• Viscosity reduction/mobilisation
Heat Enhanced Bioremediation
Hot Water Cold Water
DNAPL Boils First
Water at 88 o CPCE boils in air at 121°C Boiling at 88 o C at
the NAPL/Water Interface where vapours are 84% PCE and 14% steam.
Free-Phase PCE Globules
• Steam, Steam/Air Injection
• Thermal Conduction Heating (TCH or ISTD)
• Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH)
• Radio Frequency Heating
• STAR – Smouldering Combustion
• Combinations of the above
• HEPA™ – Heat Enhanced Plume Attenuation
In-Situ Thermal Technologies
Rapid, lower cost heat propagation through permeable formations
• Effective in vadose zone and saturated zone
• Relatively Low Energy Costs
• Best for very large scale sites
Steam, Steam/Air Injection
Key Benefits
High temperature solution that exceeds the boiling point of SVOC compounds
• Also suitable for VOCs, PCBs and PFAS
• Combines well with steam/air injection & ERH
• Proven in crystalline rock
In-Situ Conductive Heating
Key Benefits
FlexHeater™ Technology
Steam bubbles form more quickly at NAPL due to interfacial tension and reduced boiling temperatures.
In-Situ Steam Generation during ERH
1) Lower Permeability = lower electrical resistance = More currentUniform soils would lead to parallel ERH current lines – but
soils aren’t uniform2) NAPL = greater electrical conductivity = More current
More current = more heat
Low permeability lens
A flexible and highly controllable solution for the most common formations – Heterogenous ones
• Effective in vadose zone and saturated zone
• Ideal for heterogeneous formations
• Most energy efficient
• Water is an ERH friend
• Easiest to control and shut down
• Only technology that removes DNAPL first, thus removing persistent DNAPL
Electrical Resistance Heating
Key Benefits
Method ContrastsERH Electrodes TCH Heaters
• Uniform heating
• About 45 days to reach boiling
• Max temperature: boiling point of water
• Differential heating
• Boiling front advances ~3/4” a day
• Element 1000°C; formation 500°C
HybridHeater™ Technology
Client/Team Technology(s) Industry Main Contaminant YearArcadis: Cornelsen/Reconsite TCH Petrochemical Petroleum Hydrocarbons 2007
AECOM/Tamdown: Cornelsen/Reconsite
TCH + Steam/Air Injection Pharmaceutical TCE & Toluene 2011
ERM: Cornelsen Steam Injection Industrial/Chemical Dichloromethane 2015
Reconsite: Cornelsen TCH Manufacturing TCE 2016
ERM: Cornelsen Steam Injection Industrial/Chemical Dieldrin & Petroleum Hydrocarbons
2017
Arcadis: Cornelsen/Reconsite TCH Manufacturing Gear Oil 2017
Arcadis: Cornelsen/Reconsite TCH Manufacturing TCE 2017
Reconsite: Cornelsen TCH Manufacturing TCE 2018
Reconsite: Cornelsen TCH Manufacturing TCE 2018
ERM: Cornelsen/TRS Europe ERH Military TCE 2018
Cornelsen Ltd. ISTR Projects
Cornelsen Ltd. ISTR Projects
ERH Small Site
Large Brownfields Site
ERM UK – Chemical Packaging Company Dieldrin - Steam Injection
JOINT WINNER
Brownfield Briefing
“The Remediation Awards 2017”
“Best In-Situ Treatment” CategorySustainable Low Temperature In-Situ Thermal Remediation of Pesticides
A project combining the
following technologies:
• Steam injection;
• Conductive heating;
• Groundwater abstraction;
• ATEX soil vapour extraction;
• ATEX Multi-phase high vacuum extraction;
• Heat exchange and air blast cooling.
Reference: ERM UK – Chemical Processing Company Dichloromethane (DCM) - Steam Injection
ERM UK – Chemical Processing Company
WINNER
Brownfield Briefing
“The Remediation Awards 2015”
“Best In-Situ Treatment” CategorySolvent Spillage Emergency Response, using Sustainable Thermally Enhanced
Degradation
Arcadis UK – Vehicle Components ManufacturerIn-situ Conductive Heating: TCE
JOINT WINNER
Brownfield Briefing
“The Remediation Awards 2017”
“Best In-Situ Treatment” CategoryIn Situ Thermal Remediation Enhancement of a Dual Phase Extraction
System
Reference: AECOM/Tamdown – PharmaceuticalTCE: Combined Steam Sparging & Conductive Heating
HIGHLY COMMENDED
Brownfield Briefing
“The Remediation Awards 2011”
“Best In-Situ Treatment” CategoryIn-situ Remediation at an Operational Research Facility, UK
• Performance
• Speed
• Early release of land for income generation
• Early reduction of liability
• Energy and Sustainability
• Less CO2 over the project life
COST and BENEFITS
High cost?…Compared to what?
• Heat solves the matrix diffusion problem
• Proven in bedrock, vadose and saturated soils
• Fast = 3 to 6 months
• No Rebound, continued decline
• Enhanced biodegradation
• Hydrolysis
• >99% removal regularly achieved
• Plume remediation outside the treatment zone
Benefits of In-Situ Thermal Remediation
HEPA® Remediation
• Smaller source areas or dissolved phase
• Reduced equipment footprint
• Target temperatures: 30ºC to 70ºC
• Enhanced DNAPL dissolution
• Increased kinetics, rates of destruction
• Lower cost
Cornelsen and the Thermal Alliance Differentiators
• The widest range of ISTR technologies under one group
• Over 160 thermal projects
• Target guarantees
• Reputation for process and behavioural safety
• Years of experience
• A “can do” culture customer focussed service
Cornelsen and the Thermal Alliance
Quentin Hulm
Cornelsen Ltd., Managing Director
• Tel: 07810 320493
• Email: [email protected]
