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(Steam power Plant)

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INTRODUCTION India is one of the worlds largest consumer of energy

Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear.

Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.

Installed capacity 1,61,352MW Thermal = 95151.74MW

Nuclear = 4,120MW

Hydro =36877.76MW

RES = 13242.41MW

Annual power production 680 billion KWH

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Break up of Power Thermal Power Plants 75%

Hydro Electric Power Plants - 21%

Nuclear Power Plants - 4% Installed wind power Generation 9655MW

30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in transmissionand distribution

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STRUCTURE OF POWER SYSTEM

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STRUCTURE OF POWER SYSTEMPower system owned by state electricity

boards.

Private sector utilities operate in Mumbai,

Kolkata, AhmedabadRegional electricity boards Northern,

Southern, Eastern, Western, North-eastern.

Power Grid corporation- Central.

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Thermal Power Plants Installed Capacity 93,392.64MW

1. Coal based 77,458.88MW

2. Gas Based 14,734.01MW3. Oil Based 1199.75MW

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General Layout of Thermal Power Station

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Main Components Fuel Handling Unit

Ash Handling Unit

Boiler Unit Feed Water Unit

Cooling Water Unit

Generator Unit

Turbine Unit

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Main Circuit Fuel And Ash Circuit

Air And Gas Circuit

Feed Water And Steam Circuit Cooling Water Circuit

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Fuel And Ash Circuit Fuel stored and fed to the boiler through conveyor

belts. Broken down into proper shape for completeburning.

Ash thus generated after burning is removed from theboiler through ash handling equipment

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Air And Gas CircuitAir is required for combustion of fuel and is supplied

through fans

Air is passed through air preheater to extract energyfrom flue gases for proper burning of the fuel

Flue gases have ash and several gases which are passedthrough the precipitator(dust collector) and go to

atmosphere through chimney.

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Feed Water And Steam Circuit Steam Converted to water by condenser.Water is demineralized & hence not wasted to have

better economic operation of the plant.

Some part of steam and water is lost while passingthrough different parts.

Boiler feed pump feeds water into the boiler drumwhere it is heated to form steam.

Wet steam is again heated in super heater beforepassing through the turbine

Steam is expanded in the turbine to run it. After whichagain it goes to boiler for reheating

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Cooling Water Circuit

To condensate the steam, large quantity of coolingwater is required which is taken from river or pondage

After passing through the condenser, it is fed back tothe river or Pondage

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Boiler

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Turbine

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Turbine Full View

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Economizer

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Selection Of siteAvailability of cheap land.

Availability of water.

Availability of fuel. Possibility of future expansion of the plant.

Away from the urban areas due to pollution.

The initial cost of plant.

Magnitude and nature of load to be handled.