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Saint Petersburg___________________
Founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27, 1703, it was capital of the Russian Empire
for more than two hundred years. Ceased being the capital in 1918 after the Russian
Revolution of 1917.
The city's other names were:Petrograd(19141924) andLeningrad(19241991)
Russia__________________________________
- So Petersburgo
RussianFederation- Saint Petersburg
St. Petersburgwas founded by Tsar Peter I, the Great, in 1703. In 1721 the same tsar - comingfrom the Romanov House - proclaimed the Russian Empire, which became known as Russia and
St. Petersburg was its capital for more than two hundred years. The city also had the names of
Petrograd (1914-1924) and after the 1917 revolution, Leningrad (1924-1991).
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Peterhof Palace - the summer palace - in fact consisted of a series of palaces and gardens,and was intended to house the founder of the city - Tsar Peter the Great.
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Peterhof PalaceBuilt between 1714 and 1725, the magnificent palace had its constructionplanned since 1705, two years after the founding of St. Petersburg, the "City of Saint Peter."
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Peterhof Palace Samson , one of the many gardens fountains, and thecanal overlooking the Gulf of Finland - an arm of the Baltic Sea.
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Peterhof Palace - The Blue Drawing Room
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Peterhof Palace - a sleeping room
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Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnographythe oldest museum in Russia - 1727
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The Catherine Palace, rococo style, with over 300m facade, was the summer residence of Russiantsars, located in the district of Tsarskove Selo (now Pushkin). The great Catherine Palace wasnamed
for Catherine I, the wife of Peter the Great - 1718.
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Catherine Palace in Pushkin - amber room
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Catherine Palace - banquet hall. The Palace is located in the city which
was later renamed Pushkin, in honor of the great Russian poet.
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Statue ofAlexander Pushkin in front of the Academy of Fine Arts ( 1757) - the poetwhose vast knowledge of Russian language and richness in its use influenced authors
such as Gogol, Lermontov and Turgueniev .
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Winter Palace built and continuously
changed since the late 1730s
until 1837, was the official
residence of Russian monarchs
from 1732 to 1917.
Conceived with the intention
of reflecting the strength and
power of Imperial Russia - not
only by the immense area as
well as by the magnificence of
its 30m high, it was from here
that the Tsar ruled 22,400,000
km2 (almost one sixth of Earths
lands) and more than 125
million individuals by late
nineteenth century -
176.4 million at its apogee.
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The Winter Palace has a 250m long facade, 46,516m2 built area, with 1,057 rooms, 1,786
doors, 1,945 windows, 1,500 rooms and 117 staircases.
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Hermitage Museumas seen from the Neva River.Founded in 1764 and inaugurated in 1852, the Museum occupies five adjoining palaces,
the largest being the former Winter Palace - official residence of the tsars..
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Dvortsovaya Square - Alexander Column and General Staff building, seen from the
Winter Palace which houses the Hermitage Museum.
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Hermitage Museum white and green Rococo, and epochs coaches.
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Hermitage Museumseen from the side facing the Dvortsovaya Square with
the Alexander Column.
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Catherine II, the Great,, wife ofPeter III, was
the first imperial occupant
of the palace that is now
the Hermitage Museum.
Its collection exceeds
three million works, and
one of its first major
acquisitions took place in
1865 - The Madonna and
Child (Madonna Litta),
Leonardo da Vinci.
Painting ofCatherine IIby Ivan Argunov
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Alexandras Bedroom - In 1825, ascended to the throneNicholas Iwho, despite having beenmarried for convenience of families, fell in love and was fully reciprocated by his wifeAlexandra
Feodorovna.
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Winter Palace
Alexandras
toilette suite.
Despite the
sophistication that
still can be seen in all
its rooms, Alexandra
prioritized simplicity
and privacy.
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One of the rooms ofAlexandras suite She has always been closely linked to her home family,devoted and loving mother, perfect in her role as Consort Empress, but always made it clear that
for her, Russia was resumed in the person of her beloved husband.
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Hermitage Museum interior balcony
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The main orJordan Staircase of the Winter Palace, now Hermitage Museum.
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Hermitage Museumarchitecture and chandeliers.
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Hermitage Museum the old royal library
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Hermitage Museum the great room of Italian Arts
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One of the Throne Rooms - there are a much bigger throne room, but this one is the more attractive.
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Hermitage Museum - Raphael Loggias a Catherine II's wish, is a copy of the famous Gallery
created in the 16th century in the Vatican Palace. There are 13 arches forming a gallery of 65 by 4 m.
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TheBronze Horseman in the Senate Square was erected a monument on a stone pedestal withabout 1,500 tons - the largest ever moved by man - carved during its transport to the present place.
The equestrian statue of Peter I, the Great, was commissioned by Catherine II and only after 12
years it was completed - 1782. The name Bronze Horseman comes from the poem by Aleksandr
Pushkin, from 1833, considered one of the most significant works of Russian Literature. The statue
is now one of the symbols of St. Petersburg.
(click)
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Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan (1810-1811) the main cathedral of the
metropolis of St. Petersburg.
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Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan - in neoclassical style exterior, architectural detail.
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The Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange building 1811 and the south Rostral Column areexamples of Greek Architecture revival. A sculptural group similar in form to a quadriga featuring
Neptune and symbolizing maritime commerce is mounted above the buildings portico.
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Neva River and the Twelve Colleges of theUniversity of St. Petersburg, in continuous operationsince 1819 as the successor to the university established in January 24, 1724 by a decree of Peter, the
Great, together with the Academic Gymnasium and the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg.
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Mikhailovsky Palace, built in 1819-1825, houses theState Russian Museum since 1895.
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Yusupov Palace - The most sumptuous non-imperial palace was built in 1760; in 1830 was boughtby the Duke NB Yusupov. On a visit to Italy the eccentric Duke fell in love with a white marble
staircase and bought the whole palace only to transport its stairs to St. Petersburg.
Today this palace is a museum.
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The construction of a church in St. Isaac Square was already ordered by Alexander I. This was the
origin of the Orthodox Cathedral of St. Isaac, which took 40 years to build from 1818 to 1858.
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St. Isaac's Cathedral- the main dome reaches 101.5 meters high and is all gold plated. It
is also decorated with 12 statues of angels.
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Mariinsky Theatre - Opened in 1860, is a historic orchestra, opera, andballet theater (Kirov State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet from 1935 until 1992). The
name Kirov is now used by the Ballet Company only in its excursions outside of Russia.
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Mariinsky Theatre interior and royal box
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Nevsky Prospekt, orNeva - (Prospekt, in Russian, means the street or avenue in a straight line) isstill the main avenue of St. Petersburg, planned by Peter the Great to be the beginning of the road to
Novogorod and Moscow. This citys proud milestone was cut through nearly 4.5 km of forest (c1718)
and its width varies between 25 and 60 meters.
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Grand Hotel Europe - a five star hotel situated on the famous Nevsky street. It was opened in1875 and is registered in the architectural heritage of the Northern Capital St. Petersburg.
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In a summer night with the Church of Our Savior on Spilled Bloodin background
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the same place... at a winters day...
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... and the colors of Spring
returning to St. Petersburg,
enhance the beauty of the
Church of the
Resurrection of Christ,better known as the
Church of Our Savior
On the Spilled Blood,built between 1883 and
1907.
This marvelous Russian-
style church was built in
honor to the Emperor
Alexander IIand in theplace where he was
assassinated in 1881.
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Architectural details of theChurch of the Resurrection of Christ,
or the Church of Our Saviour On the Spilled Blood.
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Egyptian Bridge intersection of Lermontov Avenue over the Fontanka River.
"Sphinx" by sculptor Pavel Sokolov - 1825-1826.
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Bank Bridge - pedestrian bridge over the Griboyedov Canal, decorated with four mythological
golden-winged griffons, sculpted by Pavel Sokolov - nineteenth century.
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Dostoyevsky Memorial Museum - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, writer whose works - including "Crimeand Punishment" and "The Brothers Karamazov" - have had profound and lasting effects on
intellectual thought and literature, wrote in this house "Crime and Punishment," published in 1866.
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Aurora Cruiser launched in 1900, participated in the Russo-Japanese war of 1905,and directing cannon fire against the Winter Palace, has initiated and became a symbol of
the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Today, a docked museum.
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Troitsky bridge - a landmark of Art Nouveau, was completed in 1903, in time forthe bi-centenial anniversary of Saint Petersburg.
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"Singer" Building created in Art Nouveau (1902-1904) at the corner of Nevsky Prospect withGriboyedov Canal and in front of Kazan Cathedral, it is officially recognized as historic-cultural
heritage of Russia.
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Facade of the "Singer building, where the first bookstore of Soviet Russia was
installed -Dom Knigi
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The authorization for the construction of this bridge byNicholas Iwas part of a development
plan for the city. However it was built much later and inaugurated in 1911 with the name of
Peter the Great Bridge.
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At the will of History in March 15, 1917, the aggregation of political opposition forces (liberals,
bourgeois, and socialists) depose Tsar Nicholas II, starting theRussian Revolution.The Tsar was later murdered along with his family.
St. Petersburg, that at that time was already calledPetrograd, lost its title of capital of the Empire
to Moscow - capital of Russia.
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(Petrogrado)
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(click)
Images from Internet, with credits to authors, or fromWikipedias site www.wikipedia.org
Music TchaikovskyWaltz of the Flowers from the nutcracker suiteBerlin Philharmonic conductedby Seiji Ozawa
AlexanderAlexandrov Russian National Anthem
with theRed Army Choir
Creation, research and formating:Delza Dias [email protected]
English version Flavio Musa de Freitas Guimares
Revision: Claudia Ricci
www.culturesandart.com
Brasil So Paulo VIII 2007reedited in VI - 2012
mailto:[email protected]://www.culturesandart.com/mailto:[email protected]7/27/2019 The_Russia_of_the_Tzars(2).pps
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The End