Micropelt energy harvesting
„ready to go“
Thin film thermoelectric Technology, devices and applications
Index
- Micro Energy Harvesting “100 µW to 10 mW”
Purpose energy harvesting ?
Thermoelectrics/Electromagnetic inductance
- Thin-film thermo-electrics Thermogenerator chip
- Energy Harvesting system architecture Energy balance
Duty cycling
DC Booster & power management
Energy storage
- Applications Real examples
Body heat ?
Impossible applications
Getting started
Energy
Harvesting
Smart
Sensor
15 ºC
1.2 m/s2
32 ºC
2 Pa
60% RH
2000 lm
Smart metering
Remote sensing
Condition Based
Maintenance (CBM)
Asset diagnostics
Smart Embedded Devices
Connected planet
Condition Monitoring
Smart sensors
Smart buildings
M2M Machine to Machine
Distributed computing
green ICT
gateway
20 ºC
Can we avoid truckloads batteries ?
Micro energy harvesting
Source Technology Energy Remarks
Acoustic (100dB) Piezo 950 nW/cm3 Little research done
RF-waves Antennas < 1 µW/cm2 Near field only
Light Solar cell 100 mW/cm2 Sunlight
Solar cell 100 µW/cm2 Light
Switching
operation
Electrodynamic 50 µJ/N 50µW EnOcean
PTM-200-module
Temperature Seebeck 60 µW/cm2 Standard elements
Seebeck 710 µW/cm2 Micropelt @ 3K
differential
Vibration Piezo 4 µW/cm3 Human motion (Hz)
Piezo 800 µW/cm3 Machine motion
(kHz)
Ambient Energy Harvesting sources
Micro Energy Harvesting Energy Harvesting Renewable Energy
Power Level µW … W W … kW kW … MW
Goals - Replace batteries
- Power wireless
sensor systems
(WSN) / actuators
- Indirect reduction of
CO2 emissions
- Monitoring and
Condition Based
Maintenance
- Efficient recovery
for local use
- Reduce fuel
consumption
- Oil/Gas/Nuclear
replacement
- Reduce CO2
emissions
Introduction
Power Levels
Technology
Autor | Micropelt GmbH 5
Micro
Energy
Harvesting
20 ºC
ThermoPower
Thermo generators require a temperature differential between its “hot” and “cold” sides
+ -
25 °C
35 °C
- 1 mW, at 24/7 a year
- year = 8760 hours
- AA battery-equivalent
= 8760 * 1 mW / 1.5 V
= 5840 mAh per year
- CR2032 equivalent
= 8760 * 1 mW / 3V
= 2920 mAh per year
Index
- Micro Energy Harvesting “100 µW to 10 mW”
Purpose energy harvesting ?
Thermoelectrics/Electromagnetic inductance
- Thin-film thermo-electrics Thermogenerator chip
- Energy Harvesting system architecture Energy balance
Duty cycling
DC Booster & power management
Energy storage
- Applications Real examples
Body heat ?
Impossible applications
Getting started
Energy
Harvesting
Smart
Sensor
Micropelt: thin film thermoelectrics
TGP: robust Thermal Generator in Package
Button-cell thermal generator
- Robust mechanical design
- Thermal performance optimized
- Operating 0 ºC to 100 ºC TGP-651 TGP-751
TEG chip inside MPG-D651
( ~ 7 sqmm)
MPG-D751
(~ 14 sqmm)
Seebeck voltage 60 mV / K 110 mV / K
R electrical 185 Ω 300 Ω
R thermal 28 K/W 18 K/W
Footprint 15 x 10 x 9.3 mm 15 x 10 x 9.3 mm
Since not all system integrators can handle “bare dies”, Micropelt thermo-
generators are offered in a robust, button-cell like, package
Focus battery replacement
- Efficiency not key parameter of thermogenerator
efficiency is key @ DC-booster
Microstructures offer high output voltage
- much higher compared to bulk type
- efficient DC-DC Booster
- low delta T operation possible
Less TE material by MEMS micro-structuring
- 100’s x less need of rare material
- <100 kg tellurium for 1 Mio chips
Robust button-cell generator (TGP)
- Easy to create good thermal concept
- Automated assembly
Thermoelectric thin-film generators
- Solid state; no moving parts; silent; reliable;
scalable and very small
Micropelt thin-film TE production technology
Micropelt wafer-based MEMS-like production process
Micropelt thin-film thermoelectrics
Index
- Micro Energy Harvesting “100 µW to 10 mW”
Purpose energy harvesting ?
Thermoelectrics/Electromagnetic inductance
- Thin-film thermo-electrics Thermogenerator chip
- Energy Harvesting system architecture Energy balance
Duty cycling
DC Booster & power management
Energy storage
- Applications Real examples
Body heat ?
Impossible applications
Getting started
Energy
Harvesting
Smart
Sensor
Energy balance
Energy Harvesting Smart, wireless sensor
Index
- Micro Energy Harvesting “100 µW to 10 mW”
Purpose energy harvesting ?
Thermoelectrics/Electromagnetic inductance
- Thin-film thermo-electrics Thermogenerator chip
- Energy Harvesting system architecture Energy balance
Duty cycling
DC Booster & power management
Energy storage
- Applications Real examples
Body heat ?
Impossible applications
Getting started
Energy
Harvesting
Smart
Sensor
Solution:
qtNODE Retro Fit Sensoren in FAB’s
Monitoring of HotSpots
Electricity distribution - FAB
Solution:
qtNODE Sensor with 2 Thermogenerators and Thin Flow Battery (TFB)
Electricity distribution - FAB
Sensor Module:
• Mechanical design and complete module overview
heat spreader
heat sink
NdFeB –magnets
Stable for temperature range -40 .. 100
°C
PCB with electronics
and TGPs
52
mm
Electricity distribution - FAB
Sensor Module:
• Mechanical design and complete module overview
NTC for heat
source temp.
measurement
two TGPs
TFB from
ST
NTC for ambient temp.
measurement
Power
management
MCU + Radio
PCB temp.
measurement
PCB
Antenna
Spacer
PCB
Electronically connection to
TFB contact with
conductive silver (glued)
Electricity distribution - FAB
Sensor Module:
• Electronically design
DC-DC Booster from Texas Instrument Type BQ25504
Basics characteristics:
Ultra low Quiescent Current < 330nA
Cold-Start Voltage with Micropelt Thermo generator ≥ 360mV
Continuous Energy Harvesting after cold-start with input voltage up to
180mV
Dynamic Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Possibility for connection from different Storages (TFB, Li-ion, ….)
Battery charging and discharging with programmable protection levels
Battery state Good Output Pin
http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/sluu654a/sluu654a.pdf
Electricity distribution - FAB
Sensor Module:
• Electronically design
MCU from Texas instrument:
16 Bit MCU MSP430f2274 with 10 Bit A/D Converter
32KB flash memory
Power supplied with 2.2 Volt
can be programmed via bi-wire connector
http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/msp430f2274.pdf
Radio Texas instrument:
CC2520; 2.4 GHz RF Transceiver compatible to IEEE 802.15.4
standard used unlicensed ISM Band http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2520.pdf
Protocol:
Proprietary Payload
Communication:
Unidirectional / Network is STAR
Electricity distribution - FAB
Sensor Module:
• Electronically characterization /
Power consumption measurement
Measurement without storage capacitor and Battery,
supplied with dc power supply V = 4.2 [Volt], connected directly to “Vstor”
contact
Zone Descriptions
1 Voltage measurement at storage capacitor
2 PCB temperature measurement from MSP430
3 Heat source Temperature measurement with external NTC
Sensor
4 Oscillation stopping from TI BQ25504 / bring the TGP voltage
to open circuit and not with dc-dc booster loaded. Needed for
Battery voltage measurement with out charging and TGP
internal resistor measurement
5 Voltage at ST Battery measurement
6 Measurement at TGP OCV and two loaded voltages with
known resistors for internal resistors from TGP determination
7 SET BQ25504 to usual operation
8 Radio board and ext. quartz INIT
9 Data transmit via SPI from MCU to Radio and RF data transmit
10 LED (red or green) ON and Off
Electricity distribution - FAB
Sensor Module:
• Electronically characterization /
Power consumption measurement
Zone
Current
consumtion
[mA] time [msec]
1 1.8 1.5
2 4 1
3 2 1
4 0.01 8
5 2 1.6
6 4 2
7 2 1.8
8 25 1.8
9 35 1.5
10 5.8 1.1
Total: 81.61 21.3
Supply voltage: 2.2 Volt
Sleep time between two RF
transition 30 sec
Current consumption (sleep time) 10 µA
Power consumption active: 179.5 mW
Power consumption sleep: 0.022 mW
Energy 4.48 mJ
Power average 0.15 mW
or
150 µW In case TFB full charged:
Funkt. time = 700µA*h / 150µA = 4.67h with out thermo harvester
Electricity distribution - FAB
Ambient temperature
T ~ 5
°C
Power balance point
Sensor Module:
• Electronically characterization /
Thermal characterization
Very low start up voltage
with temperature difference T ~ 5 °C
Thermoelectrically energy has a same
value as consumed power
of the electrics with T ~ 8 °C
Thermoharvester generated 1mW
electrical matched power already
by 45 degree
Electricity distribution - FAB
Distributed Sensor Network:
Easy integration in Building-Management-System through
standard-interfaces (e.g. Modbus/TCP)
Electricity distribution - FAB
Wireless PA sensor
Maintenance-free PA sensor
- Temperature, pressure, flow, …….
- WirelessHART, ISA100, Zigbee based
- No battery change over lifetime sensor
Process Automation
Article PROZESSAUTOMATION & MESSTECHNIK | ENERGY HARVESTING
http://www.pua24.net/pi/index.php?StoryID=41&articleID=211898
May 2012
Process Automation
iTRV With the intelligent features in living by Danfoss
radiator thermostats, you start saving energy
and money right away. Replacing an older
radiator thermostat to a living by Danfoss
electronic thermostat reduces heating energy
consumption by 23 percent per thermostat.
This doubles with manually controlled valves –
upgrading to living by Danfoss gives you 46
percent savings.
(Source: www.living.danfoss.eu)
*iTRV = intelligent thermostatic radiator valve
Products for building automation – … and $ savings
New European norm concerning energy performance classes for buildings: EN15232
Single room control (iTRV) is a key function to reach class A or B!
Autor | Micropelt
GmbH
28
Products for building automation – iTRV Regulations…
Autor | Micropelt
GmbH
29
TRV - Total installed base > 600 Mio units
Products for building automation – Market numbers
Showcase - Buildings & HVAC
Autonomous actuator control
Up to 30% energy saving
No battery replacement
Compatible with EnOcean standard
Autonomeous single room radiator controler
Showcase - Buildings & HVAC
Autonomeous single room radiator controler
IR picture floor heating
meter
gauge
faucet
plumbing
pump valve boiler
solar
airco
Body heat ??
Source: http://www.healthyheating.com
Research and papers by IMEC
http://www2.imec.be/be_en/home.html