Date post: | 05-Jan-2016 |
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Think About…
• Why did people first start living in cities?
The Origins of Cities
Look at Me. I’m a Subtitle Put Here for Your Amusement!
Agricultural Revolution
• Around 10-12,000 years ago, people began to stay in one place
• Agriculture begins to replace hunter-gatherer activity as way of life
• Agricultural Village – everyone is a farmer
Agricultural Surplus
• Eventually, farming techniques resulted in an agricultural surplus– People able to do more than subsist
• Art• Religion• War
• Social stratification leads to less egalitarian society– Cities are born: urbanization
Critical Thinking
• Where were the first hearths of urbanization?
Urban Hearths
Roles of Ancient Cities
• Administrative• Military• Religious• Trade• Manufacturing
Ancient Civilizations
The Classical World
Industrial Revolution
• Manufacturing becomes key
• City population grows dramatically
• Cities become (even more) terrible places to live
Models of Urban Distribution and Location
Rank-Size Rule
• Ideal urban system
• Population of a city is inversely proportional to it’s rank in the hierarchy
• 1/R x Population of Largest City• R = rank
Major US Cities
1 New York City New York 8,391,881
2 Los Angeles California 3,831,868
3 Chicago Illinois 2,851,268
4 Houston Texas 2,257,926
5 Phoenix Arizona 1,593,659
6 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1,547,297
7 San Antonio Texas 1,373,668
8 San Diego California 1,306,300
9 Dallas Texas 1,299,542
10 San Jose California 964,695
Does the Rank-Size Rule Hold?
1 New York City New York 8,391,881
2 Los Angeles California 3,831,868 .47
3 Chicago Illinois 2,851,268 .35
4 Houston Texas 2,257,926 .26
5 Phoenix Arizona 1,593,659 .18
6 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1,547,297
7 San Antonio Texas 1,373,668
8 San Diego California 1,306,300
9 Dallas Texas 1,299,542
10 San Jose California 964,695 .11
Rank-Size Rule
• Seems to hold true for mature urban systems (like the United States)
• Does not hold true for many developing countries– Primate city