Think Fuel-Butanol

8/13/2019 Think Fuel-Butanol

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Introduction to Biobutanol Some literature on butanol by biochemical or

ethanol conversion route is discussed briefly


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o Butanol is a flammable alcohol that can

be made from fossil fuels like petroleum.

o

Also, by a bioprocess from renewablesources such as corn grain or stalks, cobs,

or other agro-wastes.

o In the petroleum industry, butanol has been

reserved mainly for the solvent andcosmetics markets, which tend to bring

higher prices, rather than the motor fuel

market.

o The term biobutanolrefers to butanol madefrom renewable resources such as grain or

cornstalks by fermentation process.


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n-Butanol Applications

o Solventfor paints, coatings, varnishes

o Plasticizersto improve how a plastic material processes

o Coatingsas a solvent for a variety of applications,

o Chemical intermediate or raw materialfor other chemicals

and plastics,

o Textilesas a swelling agent from coated fabric

o Cosmeticsmakeup, nail care products, shaving products

o Drugs and antibiotics, hormones, and vitamins

o Gasoline (as an additive) and brake fluid (formulation

component)


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o Butanol can be used to power your car.

o It is safer than gasoline, will give you better

mileage

o It will increase the amount of energy derived

from biomass in comparison to ethanolby

2442%.

o We could mitigate CO2emissions quickly by

doing something that is applicable to every

gasoline-consuming car already on the road.


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Reasons for not going for fuel butanol earlier:

o The A B E fermentation process yields only 1.3 gallons of

butanol/bushel of corn, whereas yeast fermentation produces 2.52

gallons of ethanol/bushel of corn.

Its low final concentration (0.6%) compares poorly with that of

ethanol from yeast fermentation (1015%); the 12% alcohol

concentration in the A B E- fermentation combination is sufficient

to kill the fermenting bacteria.

Butanols boiling point (117C) is higher even than that of water. At

the 12% final batch concentration, there is a lot of water to boil

off, which is expensive..6


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Production breakthrough reported

Environmental Energy, Inc.(EEI), an Ohio

company led by David E. Ramey, reported on its

website www.butanol.coma breakthrough _yields

of 2.5 gallons of butanol per bushel of corn..

It has developed a process which makes

fermentation-derived butanol more

economically viable and competitive with

current petrochemical processes and with the

production of ethanol.
http://www.butanol.com/http://www.butanol.com/


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David E. Ramey: How could butanol yield be increased

and production costs decreased? I solved 3major

problems with the ABE process by: increasing the yield of butanol from 1.3 gallons/bushel

of corn to 2.5 (thus making it similar to that of ethanol by

yeast fermentation);

overcoming the problem of the low final concentrationof 12% by developing a recovery process that removes

the solvents continuously and precludes accumulation to

a level lethal to the microbe; and

solving the expensive recovery problem associated with

the high boiling point by sparging carbon dioxide

(produced by the fermentation) through the broth,

stripping the butanol and then letting a gravity process

increase the concentration before removing the

remaining water.

ButylFuel.


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ButylFuel.

In his butanol production method, Ramey takes the

approach of using two types of microbes in two

separate process steps. The first pass

optimizes the production of hydrogen and butyric

acid, while the second pass converts this acid into

butanol. Each step utilizes a different Clostridium

strain. The article reported that other processes had

also tried the use of multiple bacteria strains, but

within the same slurry, making Rameys separation

approach unique.


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The patent EEI holds is U.S. No. 5,753,474:

Continuous Two Stage, Dual Path Anaerobic

Fermentation of Butanol and Other Organic

Solvents Using Two Different Strains of Bacteria.

Some of the EEI work has been done through a

U.S. Department of Energy research grant, a

collaboration between Ramey and Shang- Tian

Yang, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular

Engineering at Ohio State University.


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New Catalysts to Convert

Ethanol to Butanol Fuels

Submitted by admin on April 23, 2013

by Chris Hanson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)

Researchers from U.K.s University of Bristol reported

the development of new catalysts that are able to

convert ethanol to butanol at the national meeting

and exposition of the American Chemical Society.


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Duncan Wass, professor at the University of

Bristol and his group said

the new catalysts are similar to those usedin modern petrochemical technology,

potentially allowing existing ethanol

producers to avoid high retrofitting costs

while allowing for the production of bothethanol and butanol.

Unlike current technology, Wass said the

new catalysts are more selective and yield

95 percent butanol out of the total products

from each batch in laboratory-scale tests.


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Physical Property i-butanol n-butanol Ethanol

Density at 20C (g/cm) 0.802 0.810 0.794

Boiling Point at 1 atm (C) 108 118 78

Water Solubility at 20C (g/100mL

water)8.0 7.7 Miscible

Net Heat of Combustion (BTU/gal) 95,000 93,000 80,000

R+M/2 103.5 87 112

Blend RVP (psi at 100F)1 5.0 4.3 18-22

Biobutanol Projecting the 3rd

Wave


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Company Bug Bug

Strategy

Molecule Fermentation

Process

Separation

Strategy

Development

Status

Gevo Yeast GMO UCLA

Valinemetabolism

iso-buoh Semi batch vacuum flash in situ

removal followed bydistillation trains

2010 Operating pilot in

St. Johns, MO. 2011Commercial

Cobalt Biofuels Clostridium Non GMO strain

reduced etoh

and acetone

n-buoh for

blending

w/gasoline,

diesel, jet

Continuous modified

ABE Fermentation

vapor compression

distillation

2010 pilot 10-35k gpy

2011 demo 2-5m gpy

2012 commercial

Tetra Vitae Clostridium

beijerinckii

Non GMO

selected for

reduced etoh

production

n-buoh and

acetone 2:1

Semi batch "AB"

Fermentation

Carbon dioxide

stripping continuous

in situ removal

followed by

distillation trains

2009 300 liter bench

2010 10,000 liter pilot

Butyl Fuel Clostridiums Aceto

& tyro

GMO & mutant

strain

n-buoh Continuous two stage

dual path anaerobicfermentation

stripping following

immobilized cellbioreactors

Unknown

Syngas Biofuels

Energy

Fermentation of

Syngas

GMO n-buoh Thermochemical

catalyst

NA Unknown

Status Butanol Companies


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Many unknowns remain for the future of butanol.

Certainly the work of BP and DuPont and of

Environmental Energy, Inc. - and any others who enter

the butanol efforts - will be observed with interest.

Will butanol production reach a cost effective level?

Will it reach commercial scale viability? If these

milestones are achieved, does it compete with or

complement ethanol?

At this point, its more questions than answers on the

butanol front. THANK YOU

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Think Fuel-Butanol

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