BENEFIT-CASCAPE experiences with labour saving

and women specific agricultural technologies

Third forum of the Ethiopian Network for Gender Equality in Agriculture (ENGEA)

March 17, 2017

Outline

1. Overview CASCAPE 2 (scope, goals, implementation modality)

2. Gender mainstreaming in CASCAPE

3. Gender analysis conducted by CASCAPE

4. Experiences with home-gardening (testing and scaling)

5. Experiences with enset processing (testing and scaling)

6. Experiences with row weed implement (testing)

1a. Overview CASCAPE

3

Best fit agricultural practices are developed and disseminated

Scaling

of agricultura

l best

fit

technolo

gie

s

▪Methodology development▪Testing & validation of BFTs▪Enhance capacity of RARI’s▪Prepare and disseminate BFTs▪Strengthening and establishment of platforms▪Soil characterization & mapping

Enhanced capacity of Woredas to develop and implementagriculturaldevelopment plans, including strategies for scaling

▪Develop innovative scaling strategy▪TOT ▪PED; pilot scaling ▪Recommendation mapping ▪Support the preparation of bottom-up Woreda development plans▪Backstopping and monitoring

Improved nutrition through

diversified agricultural production

▪Capacity building to DA’s & health extension workers▪Model home gardens in each cluster

Strengthened enabling institutional environment for the agricultural sector

▪Provide & share evidence through in-depth studies and project results ▪Engage in evidence-based policy dialoguesR

esea

rch

an

d e

xten

sio

n s

yste

ms

are

effe

ctiv

ely

able

to

ge

ner

ate

dem

and

-dri

ven

bes

t fi

t te

chn

olo

gies

&

pra

ctic

es, t

o p

ut

in p

lace

co

nd

itio

ns

for

up

take

by

farm

ers

1c. Scaling and high intensity AGP woredas

1b. Operational modality

▪ Operates in 10

intensity; 55 scaling

Woredas of high

potential AGP Woredas

in 4 main regions

▪ Network of five

Ethiopian Universities

(5 clusters)

▪ BENEFIT partnership

▪ Research institutes,

MoA, BoA and AGP

3a. Gender analysis methodology

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▪ A study was carried out in the six participating university clusters in 2014 and 2015.

▪ Each cluster selected one commodity/practice in each year of study.

▪ In total 116 respondents (49% male and 51% female farmers participating in the CASCAPE project) were randomly selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires.

▪ Besides, a focus group discussion (FGDs) was conducted separately with women and men groups in each clusterfor each commodity/practice.

3b. Cases

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Case number

Cluster Commodity Year

Case 1 Addis Ababa Vegetables 2014Case 2 Bahir Dar Potato 2014Case 3 Haramaya Potato 2014Case 4 Hawassa Malt Barely 2014Case 5 Jimma Soya bean 2014Case 6 Mekelle Wheat 2014Case 7 Addis Ababa Sheep fattening 2015Case 8 Bahir Dar Maize minimum tillage 2015Case 9 Haramaya Poultry 2015Case 10 Hawassa Vegetables 2015Case 11 Hawassa Poultry 2015Case 12 Jimma Compost 2015Case 13 Jimma Maize 2015Case 14 Mekelle Papaya 2015

3c. Example of task division (findings)

“Generally, it looks like men are involved in labour intensive tasks such as pit

preparation and stocking. However, these activities are accomplished at once,

while fetching and sprinkling water over the compost need to be done

frequently: to facilitate compost fermentation process, the buried compost needs

up to 20 litres of water in three days.”

8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Pitpreparation

Manure andresidue

collection

Chopping andfilling the pit

Fetching andsprinking

water

Layering andtransfering

Stoking Transporting Applying thecompost

Compost making activity analysis at Yaballa kebele (Jimma)

Women

Men

Children

3d. Example of time-burden (findings)

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3e. Example of decision-making (findings)

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Husband only Wife only Joint

%

Decision making on income generated from vegetable production (Hawassa, 2015)

3f. Main findings gender analysis

▪ Women across all clusters are almost equally involved in most

farm activities, except for oxen ploughing.

▪ Weeding, fertilizing and threshing are generally tasks where

women play a dominant role.

▪ Women have a heavier work load and much less leisure and

sleep time than men, particularly in the peak season (on

average 17,6 hours per day).

▪ Most decisions on how to use resources and spend money

were in the hands of men.

▪ Women have some to full control over decisions regarding

poultry and home-garden products (mostly home consumed).

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3g. Gender analysis informed our activities

▪ Study how to reduce the drudgery of weeding for women

▪ Looking into viable opportunities to introduce labour saving

technologies

▪ A more thorough and quantitative assessment on the effect on labour

of introducing new technologies ( integrated validation of

technologies protocol and tool)

● Will be assessed in all validation trials

▪ Home-gardens: stress (even more) the importance of the household

approach.

▪ Working with households on awareness raising about labour division

and decision-making related to food production & consumption

▪ Increased participation of women in trials and trainings (up to

average of 30%)

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4. Experiences of nutrition activities for

women in CASCAPE

Mean DDS score across clusters

Clusters Mean DDS (SD)

N Infants Mothers

Addis 55 2.9 (1.0) 2.8 (0.9)

Bahir Dar 59 3.1 (1.3) 4.0 (1.1)

Hawassa 53 2.7 (0.9) 2.1 (0.7)

Jimma 59 3.1 (1.0) 3.0 (0.8)

Mekelle 52 3.3 (1.0) 3.3 (0.8)

-91% of the mothers had a dietary diversity of less than 5-67% of children below 2 had a DDS score was below 4

The agri-nutrition pathways

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Agriculture-nutrition linkage

Crops

Livestock

Fruits & Vegetables

Pulses

Poultry

Apiculture

CookingDemonstrations

Production

Nutrition education

IncomeFood, Health and Education expenditures

Consumption

Productive farm communities

Sample home gardens in CASCAPE

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Carrot

1m

path

Head Cabbage

0.5 m

Swiss chard

0.5

m Orange fleshed sweet potato

Spinach

0.5

m

Lettuce Quality Protein Maize

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1

Major women specific activities CASCAPE2 Core areas

Testing and validation

▪Introduced manually operated row weeders The suitability and applicability

of the implements were tested in 10 high intensity woredas

▪results provide positive feedback that also indicated the areas for design

improvement.

▪Developed an integrated technology validation protocol which includes,

among others, parameters on gender and nutrition.

▪Establishment and strengthening of home gardens and document BPs

2Scaling and capacity building

▪Scaling of enset processing, soybean and home garden technologies

▪Training need assessment, TOT to DAs, experts and health extension

workers

3Enabling institutional environment

▪M & E, publication and communication of outputs

▪National and regional level dialogues, stakeholder engagements and

thematic platform strengthening and establishment

Challenges and lessons learned in

vegetable gardening and row weeder

▪ Vegetable seed source

▪Water access; the need for micro-irrigation schemes

▪ Processing of perishable products

▪ Knowledge gap in consumption of vegetables

▪ Knowledge gap in pesticide use and type

▪ Sharpness of the edge

▪Width adjustments- reducing the width from 30cm to 25 cm in order not to cut the plant tillers on 30 cm rows edges

▪ The row weeder does not fit for the 20cm tef rows

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Thank you

Experiences with labour saving

technologies, home-gardens

and weeding technologies

Meseret, Hawassa University

(CASCAPE SOUTH)