Third Workshop on Social Policy and International Cooperation for the Caribbean

region

Denzil ThorpeDirector of Social Security

Ministry of Labour and Social Security

PROGRAMME OF ADVANCEMENT THROUGH HEALTH AND EDUCATION (PATH)

Empowering the Poor – An intervention for the Social Graduation from the Jamaican Conditional

Cash Transfer Programme.

To provide the poorest populations with targeted social safety net

programmes to enable them to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty

PATH OBJECTIVE

What is PATH

What is PATH?A conditional Cash Transfer Programme – attendance at school and health centres. Schools and health centres attendance data and submit to the parish offices

Consolidated three (3) Social Assistance Programmes. ( Old Age and Incapacity Programme; Food Stamp Programme and Outdoor Poor Relief Programme

Selection to the programme is done through the use of a proxy means test.

Registration to the programme is ongoing.

BACKGROUND ……. As at June 2013: 488,000 registered beneficiaries on the programme. 15% of the population of Jamaica.

Over 80% of the two poorest quintiles (Targeting Assessment 2013).

Children account for 77%

Approximately 142,000 families

27% of total beneficiary families are in the urban areas

What is Graduation?

• The process of moving families out of poverty and away from dependence on social protection transfers, to an independent and sustainable livelihood. Graduation can be considered when welfare households have improved human capital, resilience, and income security.

• Graduation is not only about attaining a certain level of food consumption or cash income. Sustainable graduation implies (a) the capacity to generate adequate streams of future food and income; and (b) resilience against future shocks.

A life-cycle approach to promote resilience, equity and opportunity

Pregnancy, Early childhood

School age

YouthWorking age

Old age

Create Opportunities: Nutrition/ECD, CCTs for

pre-school, healthEnsure Equity: OVC

programs, child allowances

Create Opportunities: Employment services, entrepreneurship, training and skillsEquity: Cash and in-kind transfers, public works programsBuild Resilience: Unemployment, disability insurance

Create Opportunities: CCTs for (girls’)

educationEnsure Equity :

Child allowances, school feeding

Create Opportunities:

Youth employment

programs, skills training

Ensure Equity: Social pensionsBuild Resilience: Old-age pensions, disability insurance

8

CONCEPTUAL DEFINITON REGARDING DEPENDENCE AND GRADUATION

Social Welfare Case load

Economically Active Poor

Economically Inactive Poor

Dependency

‘Negative dependency’:Social transfers induce negativebehavioural changes, which should beavoided.

Positive dependency’:Dependent on others, by definition, butsocial protection can relieve this burdenon poor communities.

Graduation

Have Labour Capacity, so should be supported to escape poverty and achieve self-reliance.

No graduation potential:Most will never be self-reliant, so shouldnot be expected to graduate from socialtransfer programmes.

Ethos for Jamaican Graduation Strategy

“Self Help Within a Supportive Framework”

Proposed Graduation Definition for Jamaica

Households that attain the social protection floor and

have attained income security for 12 months

Guiding Principles

• Personal Responsibility• Resilience• Opportunity• Equity• S.M.A.R.T Programming

– Synchronized Across Programmes– Monitored– Affordable– Responsive to Crisis and Shock– Transparent and Accountable

PATH Process for CCT

• Application• Targeting

(BIS/Appeals)• Verification

Registration

• Compliance validation

• Disbursement• Reconciliation

Payment • Validation• Verification

Recertification

Exit Individuals

Exit Families

Graduation Model for PATH

• Application• Targeting

(BIS/Appeals)• Verification

Registration

• Compliance validation

• Disbursement• Reconciliation

Payment • Validation• Verification

Recertification

GRADUATION

Recertification

Case Management

Labour Activation

Graduation

Implementation Framework for GraduationC

on

tinu

al A

ssessm

ent

STEP 1:Application and Enrollment

STEP 2:STEP 2 Household Assessments and

Categorization of Beneficiaries(Poverty Profiles)

STEP 3:Capacity Development /Institutional Arrangements/MOU/Institutional

Strengthening

STEP 4:Tailored Interventions

Skills Training; Job Intermediation, Employment Services; Health Workshops; Financial Management; Counseling;

Case Management

STEP 5:Beneficiary Reassessment

Assessment of Graduation Criteria

STEP 6:Graduation

(Continued Case Management)

Social MarketingManagement Information Systems

Continuous Monitoring and EvaluationPublic-Private Partnerships

Contingency for Shocks

Objectives – What we hope to achieve in the graduation strategy for Jamaica:

– To promote seamless transitions from welfare to work and human capital accumulation.

– Promote resilience strategies and programmes– Enhance equity in the redistributive processes of social

protection systems– Creating sustainable opportunities for vulnerable

households– To provide strategic direction to implementers and policy

makers

RECERTIFICATION

Recertification as a tool for continued assessment to Graduation

• Recertification is the reapplication of the targeting formula used by the Beneficiary Identification System in the determination of the proxy means score. The objective of which is to determine the level of adjustment of the selected households after receiving the benefit for the stated period of time.

• In accordance with the guidelines of PATH, recertification is done on all households that have been registered to the programme for a period of four (4) years. The recertification specifically targets households that consist of children and takes the form of a review of the score attained using the approved Beneficiary Identification System (BIS).

Objective of Recertification

• The recertification exercise has four objectives:– Validate households for meeting the rules of the

programme, that is, comparing and contrasting validation data with those contained in the PATH database (these may include date of birth, pregnancy status, number of persons living in the households, death, etc.)

– Validate the scores attained through the proxy means test– Compare and contrast the scores received at registration

and those attained at recertification– Provide information for management decision regarding

the continued registration of clients in the programme.

Recertification Groupings

Recertification

Immediate exit of the program

Entry to the stage “Preparation for

Graduation”

Remain in the program until a new recertification

process

CASE MANAGEMENT

Case Management Cycle

Inward Referral

Assessment

Treatment Planning

Family Agreement

Treatment and Referral

Assessment and Evaluation

Evaluation and Assessment against the Social Protection Floor for Case Management

Documentation

•1. All children have Birth Certificates•2. All adult members of the household have Birth Certificate

•3. All working age adults must have Tax Registration Numbers

•4. At least one member of the household have a passport

•5. All working age members of the household have National Insurance Number

•6. All members with disability must be registered with the Jamaica Council for Persons with Disabilities

•7. All senior citizens registered with the National Council for Senior Citizens

•8. All senior citizens have a National Health Fund/ JADEP Card

•9. Members of the household with a chronic illness possess a NHF card

•10. At least one member of the Family must have a Bank Account

•11. All children under five possess MOH immunization Passport

•12. All members of the household over the age of 18 years should have a valid picture Identification Card

Employment and Skills Development

•13. Head of Household should be employed for at least 30 hours per week or at minimum wage.

•14. Each working age member must have at least a secondary school certification (3 or more CXCs) or level 1 HEART Trust NTA certification or any equivalent

•15. All employed members must be making the required NIS contributions

•16. Children of basic school age to 16yrs should be enrolled in the formal education system or in skills training or after school programme

•17. Children at the Primary to high school level should achieve minimum attendance standards of 85%

•18. Children with disabilities should be incorporated into the normal or special education system

Family Life and Networks

•19. Immunization of all children up-to-date•20. All children with disability are receiving at least one form of intervention

•21. Pregnant women make visit to health center at least every two months

•22. All elderly family members have clinic cards which shows at least one yearly visit

•23. Family should have a savings account with the minimum required by an approved financial instituion

•24. Household is free of abuse (child, domestic etc)

•25. All children have at least two suits of uniform and one wearable shoe for school

•26. Every child and elderly person in the household have at least two cooked meals per day.

•27. Housing has separation of dormitory space for children and adults

•28. Members of the family with a medical emergency is receiving medical treatment

STEPS TO WORK

• The Steps to Work Programme is a Labour activation service that will contribute to the breaking of the cycle of inter-generational poverty in families, by empowering households to seek and retain employment, and be income secure. By building on the outcomes of PATH and case management interventions, the programme offers to households receiving welfare, another set of opportunities to enhance their standard of living

Literacy

Skills Development and Training

Job Readiness Job

Entrepreneurship

1

2

3

4 Steps to Work

PHASE 1 PHASE 2

Parish Office Screening and Intake

·Identification

·Registration of Clients·Initial Assessment

Steps to Work

Centres

Comprehensive assessment and Individual Development Plan

Ready for Job

Above Grade 9

Below Grade 9

Entrepreneurial

Remedial Program

me

Skills Training

Entrepreneurial

Enhance Training

Job readine

ss

Business Developm

ent Services

Job Matchi

ng

Micro Finance Loans

Grants

Potential Employers

CASE MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION DESIGN INTERVENTION A INTERVENTION B INTERVENTION C

Individual Development Plans (IDP)