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This article is about the electronicThis article is about the electronic

protocol named after Haraldprotocol named after Harald"Bluetooth" Gormson."Bluetooth" Gormson.

http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/

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WHAT IS BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is an industrial specificationfor wireless personal area networks(PANs). Bluetooth provides a way toconnect and exchange informationbetween devices such as mobile phones,laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras,and video game consoles over a secure,globally unlicensed short-rangeradio frequency.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network

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Class Maximum Permitted Power(mW/dBm) Range(approximate )

Class 1 100 mW (20 dBm) 100 meters

Class 2 2.5 mW (4 dBm) 10 meters

Class 3 1 mW (0 dBm) 1 meter

CLASSES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliwatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliwatt

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Bluetooth profilesBluetooth profilesBluetooth profilesBluetooth profiles

More prevalent applications of Bluetooth include:More prevalent applications of Bluetooth include: Wireless control of and communicationWireless control of and communication

between abetween a cell phonecell phone and aand a hands-freehands-freeheadsetheadsetor car kit. This was one of the earliestor car kit. This was one of the earliest

applications to become popular.applications to become popular. Wireless networking between PCs in a confinedWireless networking between PCs in a confined

space and where little bandwidth is required.space and where little bandwidth is required. Wireless communications with PC input andWireless communications with PC input and

output devices, the most common being theoutput devices, the most common being the

mousemouse,, keyboardkeyboardandandprinterprinter..

In order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatibleIn order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatiblewith certain Bluetooth profiles. These define the possiblewith certain Bluetooth profiles. These define the possibleapplications and uses.applications and uses.

List of applicationsList of applications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handsfreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handsfreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handsfreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone

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Replacement of traditional wiredReplacement of traditional wiredserialserial

communications in test equipment,communications in test equipment,GPS receiversGPS receivers, medical equipment and traffic, medical equipment and trafficcontrol devices.control devices.

For controls whereFor controls where infraredinfraredwas traditionallywas traditionally

used.used. Sending small advertisements fromSending small advertisements from

Bluetooth enabled advertising hoardings toBluetooth enabled advertising hoardings toother, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.

Wireless controllers of game consolesWireless controllers of game consolesPlayStation 3PlayStation 3 use Bluetooth for their wirelessuse Bluetooth for their wirelesscontrollerscontrollers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232

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Specifications and FeaturesSpecifications and Features

Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0BBluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, andVersions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, and

manufacturers had difficulty making their productsmanufacturers had difficulty making their productsinteroperable. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also hadinteroperable. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also hadmandatory Bluetooth hardware device addressmandatory Bluetooth hardware device address

(BD_ADDR) transmission in the(BD_ADDR) transmission in the handshakinghandshakingprocess, rendering anonymity impossible at aprocess, rendering anonymity impossible at aprotocol level, which was a major setback forprotocol level, which was a major setback forservices planned to be used in Bluetoothservices planned to be used in Bluetoothenvironments, such asenvironments, such as ConsumeriumConsumerium..

Bluetooth 1.1Bluetooth 1.1 Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications wereMany errors found in the 1.0B specifications were

fixed.fixed. Added support for non-encrypted channels.Added support for non-encrypted channels. Received Signal Strength Indicator (Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSIRSSI).).

l h

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consumerium&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consumerium&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSSIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consumerium&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecting

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Bluetooth 1.2Bluetooth 1.2 This version is backward-compatible with 1.1 and the majorThis version is backward-compatible with 1.1 and the major

enhancements include the following:enhancements include the following: Faster Connection and DiscoveryFaster Connection and Discovery Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbps, as in 1.1.Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbps, as in 1.1. Host Controller Interface (HCI).Host Controller Interface (HCI).

Bluetooth 2.0Bluetooth 2.0 This version, specified November 2004, is backward-compatibleThis version, specified November 2004, is backward-compatible

with 1.x. The main enhancement is the introduction of an datawith 1.x. The main enhancement is the introduction of an datarate of 3.0 Mbps. This has the following effects:rate of 3.0 Mbps. This has the following effects:

Three times faster transmission speedup to 10 times in certainThree times faster transmission speedup to 10 times in certaincases (up to 2.1cases (up to 2.1 Mbit/sMbit/s).).

Lower power consumption.Lower power consumption. Simplification of multi-link scenarios due to more availableSimplification of multi-link scenarios due to more available

bandwidth.bandwidth.

Further improved performance.Further improved performance.

Bluetooth 2.1Bluetooth 2.1 More advanced than 2.0(version 3.0 will be launchingMore advanced than 2.0(version 3.0 will be launching

very soon)very soon)

T h i l d d d

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbit/shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbit/shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbit/s

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Technical standards andTechnical standards and

performance levelsperformance levels

Bluetooth is based upon small, high performanceBluetooth is based upon small, high performanceintegrated radio transceivers, each of which isintegrated radio transceivers, each of which isallocated a unique 48-bit address derived from theallocated a unique 48-bit address derived from theIEEE 802 standards.IEEE 802 standards.

It operates in the unrestricted 2.45 GHz ISM "freeIt operates in the unrestricted 2.45 GHz ISM "freeband", which is available globally, although slightband", which is available globally, although slightvariation of location and width of band apply.variation of location and width of band apply.

The range is set at 10 meters to optimize for targetThe range is set at 10 meters to optimize for targetmarket of mobile and business user. The range can,market of mobile and business user. The range can,however, be increased.however, be increased.

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One-to-one connections allowOne-to-one connections allow

maximum data transfer rate of 721maximum data transfer rate of 721

kbits/skbits/s Bluetooth uses a packet switchingBluetooth uses a packet switching

protocol,protocol, to enable highto enable high

performance in noisy radioperformance in noisy radioenvironments.environments.

It has low power consumption,It has low power consumption,

drawing only 0.3 mA in standbydrawing only 0.3 mA in standbymode. This enables maximummode. This enables maximum

performance longevity for batteryperformance longevity for battery

powered devices.powered devices.

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What about Bluetooths security?What about Bluetooths security?

Security can mean two things inSecurity can mean two things inthis contextthis context:: A) We want to be sure that transmitted dataA) We want to be sure that transmitted data

arrives in un-corrupted condition to thearrives in un-corrupted condition to thereceiver.receiver.

B) We also want to feel that this data has notB) We also want to feel that this data has notbeen seen by parties for whom it is notbeen seen by parties for whom it is notintended.Both of these issues are (of course!)intended.Both of these issues are (of course!)addressed by Bluetooth.addressed by Bluetooth.

Safer transmission of dataSafer transmission of data

Are transmissions secure in a business andAre transmissions secure in a business andhome environment? Yes, they are supposed tohome environment? Yes, they are supposed tobe quite reliable. Bluetooth has built inbe quite reliable. Bluetooth has built insufficient encryption and authentication and issufficient encryption and authentication and isthus very secure in any environment.thus very secure in any environment.

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Information Integrity inInformation Integrity inBluetoothBluetooth

Information Integrity is of vitalInformation Integrity is of vitalimportance. We dont want outsideimportance. We dont want outside

parties to listen in. In Bluetooth, itparties to listen in. In Bluetooth, ithas these components:has these components:

Random Number GenerationRandom Number Generation

EncryptionEncryption Encryption Key ManagementEncryption Key Management

Authentication.Authentication.

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What are the Applications?What are the Applications?

Bluetooth has a tremendous potential inBluetooth has a tremendous potential inmoving and synchronizing information in amoving and synchronizing information in alocalized setting. Potential for Bluetoothlocalized setting. Potential for Bluetoothapplications is huge, because we transactapplications is huge, because we transactbusiness and communicate more withbusiness and communicate more withpeople who are close by than with thosepeople who are close by than with thosewho are far away - a natural phenomenonwho are far away - a natural phenomenonof human interaction. The following listof human interaction. The following list

represents only a small set of potentialrepresents only a small set of potentialapplications - in future many moreapplications - in future many more

imaginative applications will come alongimaginative applications will come along::

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By installing a Bluetooth network in your office youBy installing a Bluetooth network in your office youcan do away with the complex and tedious task ofcan do away with the complex and tedious task ofnetworking between the computing devices, yet havenetworking between the computing devices, yet havethe power of connected devices. No longer would youthe power of connected devices. No longer would yoube bound to fixed locations where you can connect tobe bound to fixed locations where you can connect tothe network.the network.

The Bluetooth technology connects all your officeThe Bluetooth technology connects all your officeperipherals wirelessly. Connect your PC or notebookperipherals wirelessly. Connect your PC or notebook

to printers, scanners and faxes without the ugly andto printers, scanners and faxes without the ugly andtrouble some cable attachments. You can increasetrouble some cable attachments. You can increaseyour freedom by connecting your mouse or theyour freedom by connecting your mouse or thekeyboard wirelessly to your computer.keyboard wirelessly to your computer.

If your digital cameras in Bluetooth enabled, you canIf your digital cameras in Bluetooth enabled, you can

send still or video images from any location to anysend still or video images from any location to anylocation without the hassle of connecting your cameralocation without the hassle of connecting your camerato the mobile phone on the wireline phone.to the mobile phone on the wireline phone.

d f fI ti d f t f

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In meetings and conferences you can transferIn meetings and conferences you can transferselected documents instantly with selectedselected documents instantly with selectedparticipants, and exchange electronicparticipants, and exchange electronicbusiness cards automatically, without anybusiness cards automatically, without anywired connections.wired connections.

Connect your wireless headset to your mobileConnect your wireless headset to your mobilephone, mobile computer or any wiredphone, mobile computer or any wiredconnection to keep your hands free for moreconnection to keep your hands free for moreimportant tasks when you're at the office or inimportant tasks when you're at the office or inyour car.your car.

Have automatic synchronization of yourHave automatic synchronization of your

desktop, mobile computer, notebook (PC-PDAdesktop, mobile computer, notebook (PC-PDAand PC-HPC) and your mobile phone. Forand PC-HPC) and your mobile phone. Forinstance, as soon as you enter your office theinstance, as soon as you enter your office theaddress list and calendar in your notebook willaddress list and calendar in your notebook willautomatically be updated to agree with theautomatically be updated to agree with theone in your desktop, or vice versa.one in your desktop, or vice versa.

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With this viewpoint interestWith this viewpoint interest

in Bluetooth is soaring, lotsin Bluetooth is soaring, lots

of ideas are constantlyof ideas are constantlyemerging, some practical andemerging, some practical and

feasiblefeasible

GEETESH PURI

8TH SEM E&C

By: