THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.
THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR QUIZZES and PRACTICAL TESTS.
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDYING THEIR MANUAL AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS.
Urinary System
Lab # 9
Functions of the Urinary System
1- Regulates blood composition and blood pressure, as well as body fluid composition and volume2- Regulates blood pressure by releasing rennin, which activates the rennin-angiotensin mechanism that raises the blood pressure3- Regulates some metabolic reactions by converting vitamin D to its active form4- Releases erythropoietin, which increases production of red blood cells5- Helps to regulate blood pH by controlling the loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in the urine
6- Helps to regulate calcium ion levels by producing calcitriol
Overview of the Urinary System
Kidney
Stomach
Spleen
PancreasParietal
peritoneum
Renal capsuleAdipose capsule
Renal fascia
Hylus
External Anatomy
Renal arteryRenal veinUreter
It protects the kidneys from trauma and infections
It helps protect the kidneys from trauma and maintains
the kidneys in place
It anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall
Internal Anatomy
Renal sinus
Cortex
MedullaRenal pyramids
Renal column
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvisUreter
Renal lobe
Blood vessels
Renal papilla
Parenchyma
3- Blood Supply to the Kidney
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobular or cortical radiate
arteries
Afferent arteriole
Nephron
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
Interlobular or cortical radiate veins
Interlobular or cortical radiate arteries
Afferent arterioleEfferent arteriolePeritubular capillariesVenules
Interlobular or cortical radiate veins
Arcuate vein
Arcuate artery
Cortical radial artery
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubularcapillaries
Cortical radial vein
Arcuate vein
It receives most of the total renal blood flow
It receives 1% to 2% of the total renal blood flow
Corticomedullary junction
Cortex
Medulla
Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron
Vasa recta
Venule
2- Nephron
They are the filtering units of the kidney
Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Collecting duct
Connecting tubule
1- Renal corpuscle
Capsular space
Visceral layer
(Podocytes)
Pedicels & filtration slits
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Proximal convoluted
tubule
Bowman’s capsuleGlomerulus
Parietal layer
(Simple squamous epithelium)
Arterial capillaries
(Fenestrated endothelium)
Chemoreceptors that monitor the concentration of
sodium
Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells
Mechanoreceptors that monitor blood pressure
and volume. They contain granules of renin
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Distal convoluted
tubule
Capillary endothelial
cell
Lamina densa (basement membrane
Filtration Membrane
Renal Tubule Proximal convoluted
tube
Distal convoluted
tube
Loop of Henle
Descending limb
Ascending limb
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Connecting tubule
The Ureters
The Urinary Bladder
The Urethra
