THIS POWER POINT ISBROUGHT TO YOU BY
GREEN TEAM SCIENCE
ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTES
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TODAY YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT
• SCIENTIFIC THINKING
• THEORY VS HYPOTHESIS
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Scithinking
hypothesis
theory
SkepticalExperimentRepeatedPredictionsverified
A tentative explanation forObservationsNot proventestable
Best explanation to explainFactsHas data to support itMakes predictions
theorybelief
dataopinion
idea
Answersquestions
verified
No proof
THIS IS WHAT YOUR NOTES WILL LOOK
LIKE WHEN WE ARE DONE
theorybelief
dataopinion
idea
Answersquestions
verified
No proof
SECTION INTRO – 1PP XXXVIII - XLI
SCIENTIFIC THINKING
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THIS IS WHERE THE
HEADING AND TEXT PAGE
NUMBERS GO
THERE WILL BE MORE ON THIS LATER BUT
SCIENTIFIC THINKING:
• IS SKEPTICAL – DON’T BELIEVE ANYTHING WITHOUT DATA
• RELIES ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA• EXPERIMENTS CAN BE REPEATED• MAKE PREDICTIONS, THEN TESTS
THEM• ADAPTS TO NEW OBSERVATIONS• IS VERIFIED BY OTHERS
INDEX
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SkepticalExperimentRepeatedPredictionsverified
NOTICE THE DEFFINITION
IS BESIDE THE INDEX WORD
WHICH IS NOT TRUE OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING?
• A. IS SKEPTICAL• B. BELIEVE ANYTHING SEEN ON T.V. • C. RELIES ON EXPERIMENTAL
EVIDENCE• D. ADAPTS TO NEW OBSERVATIONS• E. EXPERIMENTS AND
OBSERVATIONS MUST BE REPEATED
HYPOTHESIS
• A TENTATIVE EXPLAINATION FOR AN OBSERVATION
• EDUCATED GUESS• IS NOT PROVEN (YET)• IS TESTABLE (YOU HAVE TO BE
ABLE TO SET UP AN EXPERIMENT)• NO WRONG HYPOTHESES (UNTIL IT
IS PROVEN WRONG)• IF - THEN STATEMENT
INDEX
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Scithinking
hypothesis
SkepticalExperimentRepeatedPredictionsverified
A tentative explanation forObservationsNot provenTestableIF THEN STATEMENT
NOTICE THAT THE INDEX
MAKES IT EASY TO FIND A
VOCAB WORD AND DEFINITION
WHAT IS TRUE FOR A HYPOTHESIS?
• A. IS A FACT
• B. CAN NEVER BE CHANGED OR MODIFIED
• C. IS A BEST EDUCATED GUESS
• D. HAS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE
WHAT IS THE LAST THING A REDNECK SAYS BEFORE
HE DIES?“HEY! WATCH THIS …….”
THEORY
• BEST EXPLAINATION TO EXPLAIN FACTS
• HAS DATA TO SUPPORT IT
• MAKES PREDICTION
• (THAT CAN BE TESTED WITH AN EXPERIMENT)
• HAS PASSED EVERY EXPERIMENT
INDEX
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Scithinking
hypothesis
theory
SkepticalExperimentRepeatedPredictionsverified
A tentative explanation forObservationsNot proventestable
Best explanation to explainFactsHas data to support itMakes predictions
THIS IS WHAT THEY
SHOULD LOOK LIKE
NOW
WHICH IS TRUE FOR A THEORY?
• A. HAS NO EVIDENCE
• B. IS JUST AN IDEA
• C. HAS DATA TO SUPPORT IT
• D. CAN NEVER BE CHANGED OR MODIFIED
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
HYPOTHESISTHEORY
SCIENTIFIC
IDEA
NOT PROVENHAS DATA TOSUPPORT IT
TENATIVEEXPLAINATION
BEST EXPLAINATION
BEFORE THEEXPERIMENT
AFTER THEEXPERIMENT
MAKES PREDICTIONS
LEFT SIDE
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Scithinking
hypothesis
theory
SkepticalExperimentRepeatedPredictionsverified
A tentative explanation forObservationsNot proventestable
Best explanation to explainFactsHas data to support itMakes predictions
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NOTICE THE ORGANIZER ON
THE LEFT REVIEWS THE NOTES ON THE
RIGHT
WHICH IS TRUE OF A THEORY BUT NOT A
HYPOTHESES?
• A. IS AN EDUCATED GUESS
• B. IS ABSOLUTELY TRUE
• C. MAKES PREDICTIONS
• D. IS AN IDEA
A GOOD PLACE TO STOP
BUT NOT FOR THE POSSUM
MOST PEOPLE USE THE WORD THEORY INCORRECTLY
• THEY USE THE WORD “THEORY” WHEN THEY MEAN “BELIEVE”
• THIS GETS CONFUSING
• THEORIES ARE BASED ON FACTS AND EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE
• BELIEFS ARE JUST WHAT YOU THINK OR WANT TO BE TRUE
I HAVE A THEORY
THAT ALIENS ARE
EATING PEOPLE
DO YOU HAVE ANY
PROOF?
OF COURSE NOT, THERE IS A GOV’T COVERUP
THEN THAT IS JUST
WHAT YOU BELIEVE
NOT A THEORY
I WILL GET THEM TO STUDY MY THEORY IN
SCHOOL
THEN EVERYONE
WILL BELIEVE IT
WITH NO EXPERIMENTA
L DATA
IT IS JUST YOUR
OPINION
I DON’T NEED EVIDENCE……. I
JUST KNOW THE TRUTH
YOU CAN BELIEVE WHAT YOU WANT ……. BUT DON’T CALL
IT SCIENCE
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
THEORY BELIEF
ALWAYS HASDATA
NOT FOUNDED ON PROOF
MUST BE TESTED DOESN’T HAVE TO BE TESTED
MAKESPREDICTIONS
EXPLAINSFACTS
OPINION
VERIFIED
IDEA
ANSWERSQUESTIONS
CAN NOT BEDISPROVEN
CAN BE PROVENWRONG
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theory
SkepticalExperimentRepeatedPredictionsverified
A tentative explanation forObservationsNot proventestable
Best explanation to explainFactsHas data to support itMakes predictions
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BELEIFTHEORY
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TO STUDY FOLD BACK THE INDEX
WORDS
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hypothesis
theory
SkepticalExperimentRepeatedPredictionsverified
A tentative explanation forObservationsNot proventestable
Best explanation to explainFactsHas data to support itMakes predictions
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BELEIFTHEORY
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INSTANT FLASH CARDS
REAL WORLD EXAMPLEBIGFOOT IS NOT A REAL ANIMAL ACCORDING TO
SCIENCESCIENTISTS DO NOT STUDY BIGFOOTSUMMER 2008 SOME GUYS CLAIM TO HAVE A
FROZEN BIGFOOT BODYWITH EVIDENCE SCIENTISTS ARE INTERESTEDDNA SAMPLES ARE COLLECTEDTHEY ARE FROM AN OPPOSSUMAND THE BODY IS MADE OF RUBBERREAL SCIENTIST DON’T WASTE ANY MORE OF
THIER TIME ON ITSOME PEOPLE STILL “BELIEVE”CLAIM IT IS A GOVERNMENT COVER UPLIKE THE GOVERNMENT CARES
PHOTOGRAPHS ARE NOT
SCIENTIFIC PROOF
WHICH IS TRUE OF AN OPINION OR BELEIF
• A. HAS DATA TO SUPPORT IT
• B. DOES NOT NEED DATA
• C. MAKES PREDICTIONS
• D. MUST PASS AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST
THINKING LIKE A SCIENTIST EVERYDAY
• YOU WERE BORN WITH SCIENCE THINKING SKILLS
• YOU USE THEM EVERYDAY• YOU JUST DON’T CALL IT THE SCIENTIFIC
METHOD• YOU OBSERVE• YOU THINK• YOU MAKE IDEAS• YOU EXPERIMENT• YOU MAKE CONCLUSIONS• YOU LEARN FROM THESE THINGS
SCIENTIFIC THINKING
• OBSERVE
• ANALYZE
• SYNTHESIZE
• TEST
LOOK AT STUFF
THINK ABOUT IT
MAKE A HYPOTHESIS
EXPERIMENT
REPEAT
NEW PAGE (PG. 3)
OBSERVE
HMMM WHAT IS
THAT
ANALYZE
LOOKS LIKE A KITTY
LOOKS SOFT AND
CUDDILY
LOOKS LIKE A
GOOD PET
SYTHESIZEI THINK I
CAN HOLD HIM
IF I PICK HIM UP THEN HE WILL LOVE
ME!!
TEST
TEST
OBSERVE AGAIN
AAUUGGG
GOOD OBSERVATION
ANALYZE AGAINHE BLASTED
ME YOU STINK
SYNTHESIZE AGAIN
I CAN’T HOLD HIM
I LEARNED SOMETHING
YOU STILL STINK
SKUNK SMELL ANTIDOTE• 1 QUART HYDROGEN PEROXIDE• ½ CUP BAKING SODA• 1 TEASPOON DISH SOAP (DAWN)• MIX AND WASH PET FOR 10 MINUTES• AVOID EYES• RINSE WITH WATER• AND HOPE YOUR PET IS NOT A CAT• TRUST ME ON THIS
HOW DID YOU LEARN
• THAT THE STOVE WAS HOT?• THAT THE REMOTE CONTROL WORKED
THE TV• THAT CANDY TASTED GOOD• THAT MUD TASTED BAD• THAT BEE STINGS HURT• THAT UNDERWARE DOESN’T GO ON YOUR
HEAD• YOU EXPERIMENTED
DID YOU LEARN ABOUT
• SCIENTIFIC THINKING?
LETS FIND OUT
TO OBSERVE MEANS TO
• A. LOOK
• B. THINK
• C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS
• D. DO THE EXPERIMENT
TO SYNTHESIZE MEANS TO
• A. LOOK
• B. THINK
• C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS
• D. DO THE EXPERIMENT
TO ANALYZE MEANS TO
• A. LOOK
• B. THINK
• C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS
• D. DO THE EXPERIMENT
TO TEST MEANS TO
• A. LOOK
• B. THINK
• C. MAKE A HYPOTHESIS
• D. DO THE EXPERIMENT
A THEORY CAN
• A. MAKE PREDICTIONS
• B. NEVER BE TESTED
• C. IS ALWAYS TRUE FOREVER
• D. IS AN EDUCATED GUESS
A HYPOTHESIS
• A. IS A FACT
• B. IS A BEST EDUCATED GUESS
• C. HAS A LOT OF DATA TO SUPPORT IT
• D. IS MADE AFTER YOU DO THE EXPERIMENT