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This This PowerPoint PowerPoint
Presentation is Presentation is ©2011 by ©2011 by Robin L. Robin L.
Simmons.Simmons.All Rights All Rights Reserved.Reserved.
This This PowerPoint PowerPoint
Presentation is Presentation is ©2011 by ©2011 by Robin L. Robin L.
Simmons.Simmons.All Rights All Rights Reserved.Reserved.
For CeliaFor CeliaFor CeliaFor Celia
Comma SplicesComma Splices
andand
Fused Fused SentencesSentences
Comma SplicesComma Splices
andand
Fused Fused SentencesSentences
Know how to identify these two Know how to identify these two majormajor problems. problems.Know how to identify these two Know how to identify these two majormajor problems. problems.
A A comma splicecomma splice looks like this: looks like this:
Main clauseMain clause main clause.main clause.
Main clauseMain clause main clause.main clause.
+ + ,, + +
A A fused sentencefused sentence looks like this: looks like this:
+ + ØØ + +
Recognize a main Recognize a main clause when you see clause when you see
one:one:subjectsubject + + verbverb = =
complete thoughtcomplete thought..
Recognize a main Recognize a main clause when you see clause when you see
one:one:subjectsubject + + verbverb = =
complete thoughtcomplete thought..
In an important piece of writing, both of In an important piece of writing, both of these sentence errors = these sentence errors = In an important piece of writing, both of In an important piece of writing, both of these sentence errors = these sentence errors =
D E A T H ! ! !D E A T H ! ! !
Read this sample sentence:Read this sample sentence:Read this sample sentence:Read this sample sentence:
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.
Adding a comma won’t Adding a comma won’t help, sweetheart. It will help, sweetheart. It will
just make a just make a comma comma splicesplice, an , an equally equally
terribleterrible error. error.
Adding a comma won’t Adding a comma won’t help, sweetheart. It will help, sweetheart. It will
just make a just make a comma comma splicesplice, an , an equally equally
terribleterrible error. error.
The error is The error is here!here!
The error is The error is here!here!
Come on, Come on, Princess, let’s Princess, let’s
take a take a rideride to to
thethe solutions!solutions!
Come on, Come on, Princess, let’s Princess, let’s
take a take a rideride to to
thethe solutions!solutions!
Option 1:Option 1: Fix the error with a Fix the error with a periodperiod and a and a capital lettercapital letter..Option 1:Option 1: Fix the error with a Fix the error with a periodperiod and a and a capital lettercapital letter..
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
motorcycle. Her
Let’s fix the Let’s fix the errors that errors that
follow! Use a follow! Use a period and a period and a capital letter.capital letter.
Let’s fix the Let’s fix the errors that errors that
follow! Use a follow! Use a period and a period and a capital letter.capital letter.
1. While Oreo gnawed the corner
of a shoe, Skeeter shredded a
roll of toilet paper, the dogs
love when we have forgotten to
close the master bedroom
door.
1. While Oreo gnawed the corner
of a shoe, Skeeter shredded a
roll of toilet paper, the dogs
love when we have forgotten to
close the master bedroom
door.
roll of toilet paper. The dogs
2. A bucket catches water under
the leaky ceiling, Annette
wishes she had trimmed the
big oak tree before the rotten
limb crashed through the roof.
2. A bucket catches water under
the leaky ceiling, Annette
wishes she had trimmed the
big oak tree before the rotten
limb crashed through the roof.
the leaky ceiling. Annette
3. Freddie’s car is a mess, she
has overdue library books piled
on the front seat, and she uses
the floor as a trashcan for her
frequent lunches at fast food
restaurants.
3. Freddie’s car is a mess, she
has overdue library books piled
on the front seat, and she uses
the floor as a trashcan for her
frequent lunches at fast food
restaurants.
Freddie’s car is a mess. She
4. On a busy Saturday night,
Andre sweated in the hot
restaurant kitchen as he
assembled pizzas, he
dreamed of one day having
his own cooking show on the
Food Network.
4. On a busy Saturday night,
Andre sweated in the hot
restaurant kitchen as he
assembled pizzas, he
dreamed of one day having
his own cooking show on the
Food Network.
assembled pizzas. He
Option 2:Option 2: Fix the error with a Fix the error with a comma and a coordinating comma and a coordinating conjunction: conjunction: andand, , butbut, , forfor, , nornor, , oror, , soso, or , or yetyet..
Option 2:Option 2: Fix the error with a Fix the error with a comma and a coordinating comma and a coordinating conjunction: conjunction: andand, , butbut, , forfor, , nornor, , oror, , soso, or , or yetyet..
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
motorcycle, and her toy poodle
Let’s try Let’s try some! some!
Use Use andand,, butbut, , forfor,, nornor,, oror,,
soso, or, or yetyet to fix the to fix the
errors errors that that
follow.follow.
Let’s try Let’s try some! some!
Use Use andand,, butbut, , forfor,, nornor,, oror,,
soso, or, or yetyet to fix the to fix the
errors errors that that
follow.follow.
1. Darren scooped seven
tablespoons of sugar into his
coffee, then he splashed
cream into the cup and stirred
the concoction.
1. Darren scooped seven
tablespoons of sugar into his
coffee, then he splashed
cream into the cup and stirred
the concoction.
coffee, and then he poured
2. We suspected that Tahoe had
tipped over the trash he
flattened his ears and curled
his tail between his legs as we
cleaned the kitchen floor.
2. We suspected that Tahoe had
tipped over the trash he
flattened his ears and curled
his tail between his legs as we
cleaned the kitchen floor.
tipped over the trash, for he
3. Lawana planted the bare
backyard with an assortment of
flowers, butterflies began to
visit, sipping nectar from the
blooms.
3. Lawana planted the bare
backyard with an assortment of
flowers, butterflies began to
visit, sipping nectar from the
blooms.
flowers, so butterflies began to
4. Serena searched every
corner of her bedroom she
could not find her math book
to study for the final exam.
4. Serena searched every
corner of her bedroom she
could not find her math book
to study for the final exam.
corner of her bedroom, but she
Option 3:Option 3: Fix the error with Fix the error with a a semicolonsemicolon ( (;;).).Option 3:Option 3: Fix the error with Fix the error with a a semicolonsemicolon ( (;;).).
Use sparingly—three or four times per Use sparingly—three or four times per essay.essay.
Don’t capitalize after the semicolon Don’t capitalize after the semicolon unless the word is a proper noun, one unless the word is a proper noun, one that is that is alwaysalways capitalized. capitalized.
Make sure that the semicolon has good Make sure that the semicolon has good posture. Locate the dot right above the posture. Locate the dot right above the comma.comma.
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
motorcycle; her
Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:
Try to fix the Try to fix the errors that followerrors that follow—this time with —this time with
semicolons!semicolons!
Try to fix the Try to fix the errors that followerrors that follow—this time with —this time with
semicolons!semicolons!
1. Smoke billowed from the hot
grill plump pork chops lay on a
plate, waiting for Uncle Rick to
cook them.
1. Smoke billowed from the hot
grill plump pork chops lay on a
plate, waiting for Uncle Rick to
cook them.
grill; plump pork chops lay on a
2. Laurie flashed a big smile we
cringed at the spinach stuck to
her front tooth.
2. Laurie flashed a big smile we
cringed at the spinach stuck to
her front tooth.
Laurie flashed a big smile; we
3. Jiggling his foot, Carlos sat in
the waiting room, he dreaded
the shot of Novocain and
whining drill required to fill his
cavity.
3. Jiggling his foot, Carlos sat in
the waiting room, he dreaded
the shot of Novocain and
whining drill required to fill his
cavity.
the waiting room; he dreaded
4. Pushing and grunting, Tyrone
tried to budge the heavy
refrigerator, finally he decided
just to paint around it, leaving
a square of dirty beige that he
alone knew existed.
4. Pushing and grunting, Tyrone
tried to budge the heavy
refrigerator, finally he decided
just to paint around it, leaving
a square of dirty beige that he
alone knew existed.
refrigerator; finally he decided
Option 4:Option 4: Fix the error with a Fix the error with a subordinate conjunctionsubordinate conjunction..Option 4:Option 4: Fix the error with a Fix the error with a subordinate conjunctionsubordinate conjunction..
afterafter althoughalthough asas becausebecause beforebefore even thougheven though if, even ifif, even if in order thatin order that onceonce provided thatprovided that
sincesince so [so [thatthat implied], so that implied], so that thanthan thatthat thoughthough unlessunless when, wheneverwhen, whenever where, wherever, whereaswhere, wherever, whereas whetherwhether whilewhile
Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
motorcycle while her toy poodle
Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:
Remember these Remember these generalgeneral punctuation rules when punctuation rules when subordinatingsubordinating one of the clauses one of the clauses in the error.in the error.
Remember these Remember these generalgeneral punctuation rules when punctuation rules when subordinatingsubordinating one of the clauses one of the clauses in the error.in the error.
Subordinate clauseSubordinate clause + + ,, + + main clause.main clause.
Main clauseMain clause + + Ø +Ø + subordinate clause.subordinate clause.
For exceptions to these For exceptions to these rules, see rules, see Comma Tip 5 !!For exceptions to these For exceptions to these rules, see rules, see Comma Tip 5 !!
When Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle, her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.
When Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle, her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.
Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:Here’s our sample:
Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle
as her toy poodle balances in a
basket between the handlebars.
Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle
as her toy poodle balances in a
basket between the handlebars.
Let’s try fixing Let’s try fixing some with some with
subordinate subordinate conjunctions!conjunctions!
Let’s try fixing Let’s try fixing some with some with
subordinate subordinate conjunctions!conjunctions!
1. Jeff licked the soft serve
cone, he tried to keep up
with the melting ice cream.
1. Jeff licked the soft serve
cone, he tried to keep up
with the melting ice cream.
cone as he tried to keep up
Main clauseMain clause + + Ø +Ø + subordinate clause.subordinate clause.
2. Nathan rudely slurped the
spicy soup, Maybelle began
loudly crunching tortilla chips.
2. Nathan rudely slurped the
spicy soup, Maybelle began
loudly crunching tortilla chips.
Since Nathan rudely slurped the
main clause.main clause.+ + ,, + +Subordinate clauseSubordinate clause
,
3. Harold held his hand under
the cold water he burnt
his fingers trying to remove
the brownies without an
oven mitt.
3. Harold held his hand under
the cold water he burnt
his fingers trying to remove
the brownies without an
oven mitt.
the cold water after he burnt
Main clauseMain clause + + Ø +Ø + subordinate clause.subordinate clause.
4. The flowers were wilting in
the sun, they waited for rain
or the cool spray from the
sprinklers.
4. The flowers were wilting in
the sun, they waited for rain
or the cool spray from the
sprinklers.
As the flowers were wilting in
main clause.main clause.+ + ,, + +Subordinate clauseSubordinate clause
,
Quick TestQuick TestQuick TestQuick TestDirections:Directions: Find and fix all of the Find and fix all of the comma splices and fused sentences comma splices and fused sentences in the items that follow.in the items that follow.
1. I went into the bathroom last
night, I heard someone
singing in Spanish.
1. I went into the bathroom last
night, I heard someone
singing in Spanish.
night. I heard someonenight, for I heard someonenight; I heard someonenight because I heard someone
2. Surprised, I turned on the
lights, what idiot was making
noise in my bathroom so late
at night?
2. Surprised, I turned on the
lights, what idiot was making
noise in my bathroom so late
at night?
lights. What
3. I looked everywhere—behind
the door, in the closet, under
the bathroom sink—but I
couldn't find the source of the
music, the singing was
really weird.
3. I looked everywhere—behind
the door, in the closet, under
the bathroom sink—but I
couldn't find the source of the
music, the singing was
really weird.
music, and the singing was
4. I listened closely, the singing
seemed to be coming from
the window above the
bathtub, so I stuck my head
around the shower curtain
and looked in all of the
corners.
4. I listened closely, the singing
seemed to be coming from
the window above the
bathtub, so I stuck my head
around the shower curtain
and looked in all of the
corners.
closely. The singing
5. It was unbelievable, there
was a spider spinning a web
behind my shampoo
bottles all the while she was
singing Spanish love songs.
5. It was unbelievable, there
was a spider spinning a web
behind my shampoo
bottles all the while she was
singing Spanish love songs.
unbelievable. There
bottles; all the while, she was
6. When the spider saw me
staring at her, she said,
"Yeek," I wasn't used to
spiders squeaking in surprise
at me in my own bathroom.
6. When the spider saw me
staring at her, she said,
"Yeek," I wasn't used to
spiders squeaking in surprise
at me in my own bathroom.
“Yeek!” I wasn’t used to Yeek!Yeek!Yeek!Yeek!
7. When the spider realized I
was a human being, she
crouched further behind the
shampoo bottle I, on the
other hand, went to get a
can of Raid.
7. When the spider realized I
was a human being, she
crouched further behind the
shampoo bottle I, on the
other hand, went to get a
can of Raid.
shampoo bottle. I, on the
8. When I returned with the
can of Raid, I pointed it at
the poor spider, wishing for
her death, she, as a result,
started singing even more
beautifully.
8. When I returned with the
can of Raid, I pointed it at
the poor spider, wishing for
her death, she, as a result,
started singing even more
beautifully.
her death. She, as a result,
9. Did I really want to hurt this
poor creature who sang
such beautiful Spanish love
songs, did I really want to
poison her and cause her to
die a slow death behind the
shampoo bottle?
9. Did I really want to hurt this
poor creature who sang
such beautiful Spanish love
songs, did I really want to
poison her and cause her to
die a slow death behind the
shampoo bottle?
songs? Did I really want to
10.This spider was frightful looking,
for she had long hairy legs,
bulging eyes, and terrible
pinching jaws, but I decided that
if she would continue singing in
her beautiful manner, I would let
her live on the bathroom window
ledge.
10.This spider was frightful looking,
for she had long hairy legs,
bulging eyes, and terrible
pinching jaws, but I decided that
if she would continue singing in
her beautiful manner, I would let
her live on the bathroom window
ledge.
Correct!Correct!
11. Every morning since that
surprising evening, I listen
to my singing spider, who
continues to live behind the
shampoo bottle.
11. Every morning since that
surprising evening, I listen
to my singing spider, who
continues to live behind the
shampoo bottle.
Correct Correct againagain!!¡Azucar!¡Azucar!¡Azucar!¡Azucar!
12. I brush my teeth to the melodic
voice of a very talented
arachnid, my spider eats
whatever unlucky flies get
trapped in the house, I've
learned to think before I spray
Raid.
12. I brush my teeth to the melodic
voice of a very talented
arachnid, my spider eats
whatever unlucky flies get
trapped in the house, I've
learned to think before I spray
Raid.
house. I’ve
arachnid while my spider eats
The End.The End.The End.The End.
Be kind to Be kind to spiders! spiders! Or we’ll Or we’ll
crawl into crawl into your your
shorts shorts and bite and bite
your your thighs!thighs!
Be kind to Be kind to spiders! spiders! Or we’ll Or we’ll
crawl into crawl into your your
shorts shorts and bite and bite
your your thighs!thighs!