This Presentation Developed ByDrew R. Smith

This presentation may be modified or reproduced by individual fire departments or training

organizations provided it is not used to generate revenue or in any commercial manner.

CONFINED SPACE &

TRENCH RESCUE AWARENESS

CONFINED SPACE

OBJECTIVES:

As presented in this class, identify:

• Ten hidden hazards associated with confined space rescue

• The requirements imposed by the Illinois department of labor for persons involved in rescue operations

• How the national fire protection association, Illinois department of labor, occupational safety and health administration, ANSI and NIOSH all interface

• The methods of victim and rescuer protection

• Required entry and retrieval systems

• Air quality monitoring and control systems

• Isolation techniques

• The initial command operations at the scene of a confined space rescue

• The initial tasks of the first-in company at the scene of a confined space rescue

A Confined Space means a space that:

• Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and

• Has limited or restricted means of entry; and

• Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy

Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)

Is a confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

• Contains, or has a potential to contain, a hazardous atmosphere

• Contains a material that has a potential for engulfing an entrant

• Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes and tapers to a smaller cross section

• Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard

Non-Permit Confined Space

Is a space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm

Types Of Confined Spaces• Sewers• Silos• Vats• Ventilation and exhaust ducts• Boilers• Degreasers• Pipelines• Underground utility vaults• Tunnels• Railroad tank cars

Example of local confined space locations

Silos -

Industrial or

Agricultural

Manholes-

Sanitary or

Storm

Rail CarsLiquid Tank or Dry Bulk

Industrial Storage Tanks

Reasons for entering confined spaces

• Cleaning

• Inspections

• Maintenance

• Training

• Rescue

Confined Space Requirements are detailed in OSHA Standards

29 CFR 1910.146Permit-Required Confined Spaces for General Industry - Final Rule

& 29 CFR 1910.147

Control of Hazardous Energy(Lock-out/Tag-out)

Definitions

to aid in understanding the OSHA regulations...

Qualified (Competent) Person

A person designated by the Employer in writing, as capable (by education and /or specialized training) of anticipating, recognizing and evaluating employee exposure to hazardous substances or other unsafe conditions in a Confined Space

This person shall be capable of specifying necessary control and/or protective action to insure worker safety.

Attendant

A trained individual, stationed outside the Confined Space area who monitors authorized entrants working in Permit-Required Confined Spaces

Authorized Entrant

A trained individual who is authorized to enter a Permit-Required Confined Space area to perform work

Entry Supervisor

A trained individual who verifies that all requirements for Permit-Required Confined Space Entry have been met, authorizing and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entries

For every entry into a PRCS you will need:

At least one attendant

At least one entrant

An entry supervisor(although the entry supervisor does

not need to remain on site)

Hazardous Atmosphere

An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space), injury or acute illness from one or more of the following:

• Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10% of its Lower Flammable Limits (LFL)

• Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its (LFL)

• Oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%

• Concentration of any substance published in Subpart G, Occupational Health and Environmental Control, or Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, in access of its dose or Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)

Note: A concentration of any substance that is capable of causing death, incapacitation or impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to health effects is not covered by this provision

• Any other atmospheric condition that is Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)

Engulfment

The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system, or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)

Any condition that:

• Poses an immediate or delayed threat to life

• Would cause irreversible adverse health effects

• Would interfere with an individuals ability to escape unaided from a permit space

Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

An atmosphere containing less than 19.5% percent by oxygen by volume

Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres

An atmosphere containing more than 23.5% oxygen by volume

Inerting

Displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible

IsolationThe process by which a permit required confined

space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and/or material into the confined space by such means as:

• Blanking and bleeding

• Removing sections of lines, pipes or ducts

• Double block and bleed

• Lock-out, tag-out, or tryout of all sources of energy

• Blocking or disconnecting of all linkages

Retrieval System

The equipment including a retrieval line, class III harness, wristlets, if appropriate, and lifting device) used for non-entry rescue of workers from a permit-required confined space

Acceptable Entry Conditions

The condition that must exist in a confined space to allow entry and ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can work within the confined space safely

Entry

The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit required confined space, and includes ensuing work activities in that space

Considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrants body breaks the plane of an opening into the space

Entry Permit

The written or printed document provided by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to allow and control entry to a permit space

A permit is simply a checklist

• Not issued by the Federal, State or Local government

• Minimum contents set by OSHA

• Many formats

Content of each permit is based on the AHJ’s identification and evaluation of

each hazard of that permit space, or class of spaces, and all procedures the AHJ’s requires for protecting entrants

from those hazards during entry.

Each permit contains the information specified in paragraph (f), ("ENTRY

PERMIT") of the standard

Prohibited Condition

Any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit during the period when entry is authorized

Requirements

General

The Employer will decide if the workplace contains Permit Required Confined Spaces

(PRCS)

If workplace contains Permit Required Confined Spaces, the

Employer must inform employees of their existence,

location and dangers

If the Employer decides employees will enter permit spaces, the Employer shall develop and implement a

written entry program

The Employer may use alternate entry procedures provided certain conditions and requirements are met

When there are changes in use of configuration of a non-permit confined space that

might increase the hazards to entrants, the Employer shall, if

necessary, reclassify as a permit space

If there are no actual or potential atmospheric hazards and if all hazards within the space are eliminated without

entry, space may be reclassified for as long as the non-

atmospheric hazards remain eliminated

If entry into a confined space is required to eliminate hazards,

it shall be according to regulations and the confined

space may be reclassified for as long as the hazards remain

eliminated

The Entry Supervisor shall certify in writing that all

hazards in Permit Required Confined Space have been eliminated and make this

document available to each entrant

If hazards arise in Alternate Entry Permit Space or Non-Permitted Space, employees shall exit the Confined Space

and the Entry Supervisor shall determine whether to reclassify

the Confined Space

When the Employer arranges for contractor to perform Permit Required Confined

Space entry work, the Employer shall:

• Inform contractor of the Employer's Permit Required Confined Space Entry Program

• Apprise contractor of particular PRCS hazards, precautions and procedures implemented for protection of employees in or near the Permitted Spaces

• Coordinate entry operations with contractor when both will be working in or near Permitted Spaces and debrief contractor after entries

Contractors shall comply with the Employers Permit

Required Confined Space Entry Program during

combined employee entries and coordinate multiple entry

operations

Requirements forAlternate Entry

• Any condition making it unsafe to remove an entrance cover shall be eliminated before the cover is removed

• When entrance covers are removed, opening shall be promptly and effectively protected

• Before entry, internal atmosphere shall be tested with a calibrated direct-reading instrument, for the following conditions in the order listed:

Oxygen content

Flammable gases and vapors

Potential toxic air contaminants

A confined space entered using Alternate Entry Procedures

may not have any hazard until after the space is vacated

Major utility companies often use alternate entry procedures

Procedures for using continuous forced air ventilation

• Entry will not be permitted until hazardous atmosphere is eliminated.

• Ventilation shall be directed to immediate areas where employees are or will be present and shall continue until employees have left space.

• Air supply shall be from a clean source and may not increase hazards in space.

• Atmosphere within space shall be continuously tested.

Procedures when a hazardous atmosphere is detected during entry

• Each employee shall leave the confined space immediately

• Permit Space shall be evaluated to determine how hazardous atmosphere developed

• Measures shall be taken to protect employees from the hazardous atmosphere before a subsequent entry

• The Entry Supervisor shall certify in writing that the confined space is safe for entry and that all of the above requirements have been met

• The Entry Permit will be available to each employee before entry

Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure

Use of the Permit Entry Confined Space Program:

• Prevents unauthorized entry

• Identifies and evaluates hazards before entry

IsolationPurgingInertingVentilationBarricadesLock out/tag out

•Establish safe practices, such as:

• Provide and maintain equipment necessary for safe entry, including testing and monitoring, ventilation, communications, personal protection, lighting, barriers, ingress and egress, and rescue

• Test Permit Space and document results

• Maintain acceptable conditions in Permit Space

• Provide at least one attendant outside the Permitted Space for the duration of entry operations

• Identify duties of each employee and provide training

• Establish a written system for preparation, issuance, use and cancellation of Entry Permits

• Coordinate entry operations during multiple employer entries

• Review entire program at least annually, unless previously reviewed at conclusion of a specific entry

Entry Permit SystemThe Entry Supervisor, through the permit

system, shall ensure:

• All PRCS Entry Permits are issued and posted at the entry portal

• That the duration of the Permit does not exceed the time required to complete the task

• That all PRCS Permits are appropriately canceled in a timely manner

The Entry Permit must provide the following information:

• Permit Space(s) to be entered

• Purpose of entry

• Date and authorized duration of entry permit

• Authorized entrants

• Attendants

• Entry Supervisors, by printed name and signature

• Hazards of the permit space

• Measures required to control hazards of the space

• Acceptable entry conditions

• Test results with signature or initials of tester(s)

• Rescue services, and the means to summon them

• Communication procedures and equipment are on site

• All special equipment and procedures, including personal protective equipment and rescue equipment

• Any other information needed to ensure safe entry

• Any additional permits needed for welding, cutting, and brazing.Employee's duties

Sample Permit

for Rescue

CONFINED SPACE INCIDENT ENTRY PERMIT/CHECKLIST

LOCATION OF INCIDENT

TIME OF INITIAL ALARM TIME OF ARRIVAL OF 1ST RESPONDERS

STAGING AREA AT LEAST 150 FEET FROM TRENCH

RESOURCES Team Call-Out Trailer Squad 4 Manpower

REQUESTED enroute arrived enroute arrived enroute arrived enroute arrived

Team Ambulance Victim Ambulance two 4-gasmonitors

Safety Chief

enroute arrived enroute arrived enroute arrived enroute arrived

RESCUE BRANCH LEADER ESTABLISHED

RESCUE SAFETY OFFICER APPOINTED

WITNESS(ES) INTERVIEWED & BY WHO?

OBTAIN PERMIT FROM WORKERS, IF AVAILABLE

EXAMINECONFINED

LOCATE/ESTIMATE VICTIM POSITION

SPACE FROMOUTSIDE

NOTE PIPES OR CABLES

DETERMINE ELECTRICAL/ MECHANICAL HAZARDS

DETERMINE VICTIM STATUS: DECIDE RESCUE OR RECOVERY MODE

MONITOR AIR USING MSA 4-GAS METER AIR MONITORING PERFORMED BY:

LOCATION LEL O2 CO H2S

OUTSIDESPACE

AT OPENING

INSIDE SPACE

HALF-WAY

AT VICTIM

RULE OUT HAZ-MATS

CEASE ALL UNSAFE ACTIVITY

ESTABLISH OPERATIONS/APPROVED RESCUERS ONLY

ZONES CONTROL/STAGING OF MEMBERS

EXCLUSION/APPARATUS AND MEDIA ONLY

BEGIN DEWATERING, IF NECESSARY

VENTILATE, IF NECESSARY

PERFORM LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT, IF NECESSARY

PERMIT RESCUE BRANCH LEADER

Personnel Duties

Authorized entrants• Know the hazards that may be faced

during entry, including mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of exposure

• Properly use all required equipment

• Communicate with attendant as necessary to enable attendant to monitor status and to alert entrants of need to evacuate

• Alert attendant whenever any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation or a prohibited condition is detected

• Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation

Entrant exits from the permit space as quickly as possible whenever:

• Order to evacuate is given by attendant or entry supervisor

• Entrant detects a prohibited condition

• Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation

• Entrant detects a prohibited condition

• Evacuation alarm is activated

ALL RESCUERS MUST BE TRAINED TO THE ENTRANT LEVEL

Authorized attendants

• Know the hazards that may be faced during entry

• Know the possible behavioral effects of hazards

• Continuously maintains accurate count of entrants

• Remain outside of permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant

• Communicate with entrants as necessary to monitor status and alert of need to evacuate space

• Monitor activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in space and order evacuation when necessary

• Summon rescue and emergency services when emergency exit from permit space is necessary

• Take the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry is underwayWarns them to stay awayAdvises them to exit immediately if they have enteredInforms authorized entrants and entry supervisor if

unauthorized persons enter space

Perform non-entry rescues

• Perform no duties that might interfere with attendant’s priamry duty to monitor and protect authorized entrants

Entry supervisors• Know the hazards that may be faced

during entry

• Verify that acceptable conditions for entry exist

• Terminate entry when operations are completed or a prohibited condition arises

• Verify rescue services are available

• Remove unauthorized persons who enter or attempt to enter permit space during operations

• Determine, whenever responsible and at appropriate intervals, that acceptable entry conditions are maintained

Rescue Services

Ability to restore an airway and circulation to the victim in 3 to 4 minutes

NOTE: The time is for restoration of airway and circulation, not simply arriving on the scene.

On-site team• Must be properly trained in entry

procedures, rescue procedures and PPE equipment

• Permit space rescues must be practiced at least annually from similarly configured spaces

• Must be trained in basic first-aid and CPR, and have at least one member currently certified

Off-site• Inform rescue service of hazards they may

confront

• Provide rescue service with access to all permit spaces so they can develop appropriate rescue plans and practice rescue operations

• If injured entrant is exposed to substance with a required MSDS, it shall be made available to medical facility treating entrant

Hazards

The Incident itself

• Configurations

• Locations

• Height

• Depth

• Difficult rescues can be stationary or mobile

• May be above grade, below grade or at grade level

• Can narrow at the bottom and/or the top

• Can be in an area difficult to get equipment to

Containment hazards (Engulfment)

• Coal, sand, grain, pellets, you can sink like quicksand or fall 20' threw a hole

• Water - you can drown

Biological / health hazards

• MSD plants and sewers (Human waste)

• Hepatitis B

• Infection

• Storm sewers and Contaminated water

• Rats and Insects

• Plants that work with biological specimens and hazardous materials

Mechanical hazards• Electrical, augers, backhoes, welding

equipment

• Difficulty with isolation - the process where the space is removed from service by

• Lock out, Tag out procedures, preferably at disconnect switches remote from the equipment

• Removing belt and chain drives, mechanical linkages when possible

• A computer from a remote location can turn on equipment or release a product

• Blanking and bleeding - pneumatic and hydraulic lines

• Securing - mechanical moving parts within a confined space with chains, bars, chocks, blocks and other devices

• Double block and bleed

• Padlocks

• Hasps & tags

• Plug &valve covers

• Chain

• Electrical Tester

Lock-Out/Tag-Out Kit

Padlocks & Hasps/Tags

Covers & Limiting Devices

Locking Out a Plug

Lock-Out & Tag-Out of Electrical

Disconnect Switch

Use of limiting device on quarter-turn valve

Use of chain to limit

operation

When Lock-Out is not possible

Dissipation of:

Stored energy

Static electricity

Weather

The environment for time of season and day is extremely influencing

Examples• Rain• Snow• Heat• Cold• Low and high humidity

Air Contaminants present the most problems and hazards

Terms Related

to Toxicity

TLV - TWA

Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average

The amount of exposure a person can receive in an eight hour day, forty hours

a week

EEL or STEL

Emergency Exposure Limits or Short Term Exposure Limit

The amount of exposure a person can receive in fifteen minutes during a rescue

IDLH

Immediately Deadly to Life and Health

The amount of an exposure a person receives that is immediately life threatening

LEL - UEL

Lower Explosive Limits and Upper Explosive Limits

Between this range, combustible gases can burn and explode.

Above the UEL the concentration is too rich and below the LEL the concentration is too lean

Recognize overexposure to yourself and co-workers

• Headache

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Smell or rotten eggs

• Euphoria

Oxygen ranges

19.5% to 23.5%

Can be displaced oxygen in a space from decaying plants, rust, introduction of another gas, inert gas cleansing and more

Carbon Monoxide displaces oxygen in the human body,

even when plenty of good air is available. (35 ppm TLV.)

Odorless, colorless, tasteless gas

Hydrogen Sulfide

• Extremely poisonous and flammable

• 10 ppm is the TLV

• IDLH is 300 ppm

• Flammable range is 10% of the LEL

• Has an odor of rotten eggs and immediately deadens your senses

• If you smell it, get out

Explosive gases - flammable hydrocarbons

• Methane

• Gasoline

• Acetylene

• Carbon monoxide

Combustible dusts

Electrical and otherenergy sources

Poor lighting&

Poor footing(slips, falls)

Improper(or a lack of)

training

Retrieval systems or methods shall be used

whenever entry is made, unless the retrieval

equipment would increase overall risk of entry or would not be of value

Each entrant shall use chest or full

body harness, with retrieval line

attached at the center of their

back near shoulder level, or above their head

Wristlets may be used in lieu of the chest or full body harness if employer can show use of chest or body harness is not feasible

or creates a greater hazard and that use of wristlets is safest

and most effective alternative

Other end of retrieval line shall be attached to a mechanical device or fixed point outside

permit space for immediate use

Mechanical device shall be used to

retrieve personnel from vertical type

permit spaces more than 5 feet deep

hazards associated with Confined

Spaces

Protective Actions

Monitor use

Time needed to

intake atmosphere • Electric pump: 1

second per foot of tubing

• Hand bulb: 3 pumps per foot of tubing

• Time needed for monitor to evaluate

• If you move too fast you can walk into or through a hazard

• Test in 4 foot intervals for potential stratification of gases

• Test 4 feet in all directions in front of you

Your test equipment must monitor what you’re searching

for

What various scales on the meter mean:

LEL How close you are to LEL

Percentage (%)PPM 1 PPM = .0001%

Types of monitors

• Direct reading insturments–Gas analysers

–Explosive meters • Gas detectors• Particulate detectors• Drager (Colormetric) tubes

Calibration per manufacturer's recommendations

Bump testing

Fresh air calibration

Maintenance

• Department procedures

• Manufacturer's recommendations

SHOULD USE TWO MONITORS

When your alarm goes off - believe it

Testing must be continuous for the outside and inside of the

Confined Space

This makes sure that old problems don't reoccur and

new ones don't arise

Use meter to check air quality.• Monitor air outside space first.

• Monitor air at confined space entry point second.

• Monitor air inside entry point third.

• Monitor air at half-way point (half-way between entry point and farthest point inside confined space) fourth.

• Monitor air at farthest point (where victim is located) last.

Use of ventilation to control

the situation

Definition

The planned and systematic release and removal of gases and the replacement of these gases with a supply of fresh air

The same objective as at a structure fire

Consider characteristics of gases

• Vapor densities

• Stratification

Reasons for ventilation

• When the type of construction is unsuitable for natural ventilation

• To remove dangerous gases

• To reduce LEL's to safe levels

• To produce a work environment with a temperature conducive to human habitation

When to ventilate

Prior to and during entry of confined space

Where to ventilate

In the area where the confined space is occupied

During a rescue, the ventilation hose should be directed at the victims face when possible

Ventilation must be continuous

Ventilation equipment should be intrinsically safe if dealing

with flammable gases

Tubing should be sized so escape air can be released

around it from the opening

Use upwind

Area outside the Confined Space should be clear for dangerous expelled gases

Make sure you're not purging your Confined Space with contaminated air from the

outside

Car exhaust, small engine exhaust

An exhaust mode can draw flammable gases into your

equipment and BOOM!

Always operate the ventilator in the positive pressure mode

How long to ventilate?Until the confined space is free of toxic gases

and the LEL is at a safe level

MONITOR • Minimum of 5 minutes or• 6 air exchanges in the space

Blower should be operated for one minute prior to putting hose in confined space

Blower considerations• CFM (usually stamped on blower)

• The length of blower hose and the number of bends will affect the CFM achieved

• Tubing in hole should not obstruct exhaust gases, should allow one person to enter and exit

• The blower should not be closer than 5 feet to confined space opening

Placement of blower hose

• In a vertical confined space: with a 90 degree bend, blow against the wall, at least one foot below the surface, and two feet above the floor

• In a horizontal confined space: lay hose on the floor with the end of the hose at least two feet from the end wall. Be sure blower is out of the path of the purged air

Blow Air Across Manhole

Personal protective equipmentComponents• Hard hats• Lights• Radios• Boots• Eye and Hearing protection• Splash protection• SCBA• Turn-outs (fire gear)• Hazardous materials protection

Does equipment need to be intrinsically safe?

Is yours?

SCBA and Supplied Air Units

Compatible air system with supplied air systems

Supplied air system• 10 minute escape bottle recommended• One person with the main system• Keep short distances for possible kinking of hose• 300 foot maximum

Standard SCBA enables us greater freedom of movement

but air supply is limited

Must be positive pressure

Physicals are required yearly for all BA users

Full body harnesses,Life lines, Tripods,

Descent & Retrieval Systems all need to be

APPROVED

Tri-Pod Retrevial Systems

Commercial

Make-ShiftLittle Giant Ladder (300# SWL)

A-frame using two ladders

Life Line Retrieval Systems

Block & Tackle Set-up

Industrial Hand Winch

20 mule Team

Tools/equipment

• Non-sparking

• Air driven tools, intrinsically safe (drills, saws, cleaning equipment)

Electrical equipment

• Electrical is a source of ignition

• Should be on surge protectors and/or ground faults

• Needs to be grounded

• Should be low voltage

Methods of communication

Radios

• Won't turn corners

• Difficulty in thick cement structures

• Difficulty underground

• May need to be intrinsically safe

Life Line

“OATH”O - OK, 1 pull of rope

A - Advance line, 2 pulls of rope

T - Take up slake, 3 pulls of rope

H - HELP! 4 or more pulls of rope

Hand signals

Sight

Voice

Identification /accountability system

• Name of attendant

• Name and number of entrants

• Time in and out of confined space

• Time on and off air system

Record keeping

Types of records

• Training

• Permits

• Incidents

• Medical surveillance - can use OSHA's Hazardous Materials Regulations for this

• Equipment maintenance

Record retention

• Must be kept for a minimum of one year

• Exposure records must be kept for 40 years or for 30 years after employment termination

THE WORK DAY ISN'T OVER UNTIL THE PAPERWORK IS

COMPLETE

Fire/RescueEmegencyResponse

Procedures

• Activate response plan

• Summon MABAS Special Rescue Team confirming incident exists

• Institute Incident Command System

• Prevent unauthorized personnel from entering area

• Prepare permit or S.O.P.

Initial Operations

Set-up zones

Cold

Warm

Hot

Hot = Operations zone is within 15 feet of victim. No person allowed except rescuers approved by operations officer.

Warm = Control zone is within 50 feet of victim. All rescuer staging occurs in this area. No apparatus allowed in control zone.

Cold = Exclusion zone is 150 feet of victim. Apparatus and media are staged in this area. Public is held outside exclusion zone.

Cold

Warm

Hot

Perimeters designated by barricade tape or rope and police guard

Zone distances may be adjusted as appropriate or circumstances allow

• Visually check for hazards

• Monitor air quality with meter

• Ventilate confined space

• Set-up tri-pod or other fixed point

• Set-up retrieval system and tag lines

• Have all entrants and back-up personnel in full body harnesses

• Provide adequate lighting

• Establish communications methods

• Personal protective equipment is worn and used: Helmets, SCBA, etc.

• Provide for rescue services (back-up)

• Protect portal

• Post permit or S.O.P. at portal

• All entrants or rescuers are trained to compete assignment

• Make entry, perform assigned work

• Cancel permit

Planning• Establish a confined space training program• Make personnel aware of hazards• Train personnel in tasks that your department

can perform safely• Preplan a confined space rescue response• Develop a procedure for first in companies• Develop a response plan with local area fire

departments and industry

In Review...

A Confined Space means a space that:

• Is large enough and so configured that an employee can __________ and perform __________; and

• Has limited or restricted means of __________; and

• Is not designed for _________________________

Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)

A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics

• Contains, or has a potential to contain, a ____________________

• Contains a material that has a potential for __________________

• Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by ________________________________________________

• Contains any other recognized _______________________

Types Of Confined Spaces

Reasons for entering confined spaces

Confined Space Requirements are detailed in OSHA Standards

29 CFR 1910.146Permit-Required Confined Spaces for General Industry - Final Rule

& 29 CFR 1910.147

Control of Hazardous Energy(Lock-out/Tag-out)

Definitions

Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)

Acceptable Entry Conditions

Entry

What constitutes an entry?

Contractors shall comply with the Employers Permit

Required Confined Space Entry Program

Requirements forAlternate Entry

Procedures when a hazardous atmosphere is detected during entry

Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure

Entry Permit System

A permit is simply a checklist

The Entry Permit must provide what information?

Roles

• Authorized entrantsALL RESCUERS MUST BE TRAINED TO THE

ENTRANT LEVEL

• Authorized attendants

• Entry supervisors

Rescue Services

• On-site team

• Off-site

Hazards

• Electrical

• Mechanical hazards

• Stored energy

• Static electricity

• Containment (Engulfment)

• Biological / health

• Weather

Air Contaminants present the most problems and hazards

Terms

TLV - TWA

EEL or STEL

IDLH

LEL - UEL

Recognize overexposure to yourself and your co-workers

Ranges

• Oxygen

• Carbon Monoxide

• Hydrogen Sulfide

• Explosive gases - flammable hydrocarbons

Other hazards

• Combustible dusts

• Electrical and otherenergy sources

• Poor lighting & poor footing (slips, falls)

• Improper training

Retrieval systems/methods shall be used whenever entry is

made• Entrant shall use chest or full body

harness

• Wristlets may be used

• Use mechanical device with vertical type permit spaces more than 5 feet deep

Monitor use

Your test equipment must monitor what you’re searching for

• Types of monitors

• Fresh air calibration

• Maintenance

Use of ventilation to control

the situationConsider characteristics of gases

• Reasons for

• When

• Where

• How long

Personal protective equipment• SCBA and Supplied Air Units

• Approved full body harness, life line, tripods, descent and retrieval systems

• Clothing

• Helmets, gloves, eyewear

Methods of communication

Radios

Life Line “OATH”

Hand signals

Sight

Voice

Does equipment need to be intrinsically safe?

Is yours?

Record retention

• Must be kept for a minimum of _____ year

• Exposure records must be kept for _____ years after employment termination

Procedures for Initial Operations

• Activate response plan

• Summon MABAS Special Rescue Team confirming incident exists

• Institute Incident Command System

• Prevent unauthorized personnel from entering area

• Set up control zones: Hot, Warm, Cold

• Prepare permit or S.O.P.

• Visually check for hazards

• Monitor air quality with meter

• Ventilate confined space

• Set-up tri-pod or other fixed point

• Set-up retrieval system and tag lines

• Have all entrants and back-up personnel in full body harnesses

• Provide adequate lighting

• Establish communications methods

• Personal protective equipment is worn and used: Helmets, SCBA, etc.

• Provide for rescue services (back-up)

• Protect portal

• Post permit or S.O.P. at portal

• All entrants or rescuers are trained to compete assignment

• Make entry, perform assigned work

• Cancel permit

The End