Date post: | 19-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | lillian-king |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
This presentation provides important information about…* How graphic organizers make information more learnable
* Why they are a LOT better than outlines
* Anatomy of a graphic organizer (how cues can be embedded into graphic organizers to make them even more effective
* 14 REALLY Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
* Links to an extensive collection of examples of each type of graphic organizer
graphic organizers reduce
Information-processing demands
graphic organizers serve as
Elaboration catalysts
How graphic organizers make info more learnable
Learners must discern how new
content is organized
The most common ways to
organize information
More complex topics = harder to
discern organization
Hierarchic Cause/effect Comparison Sequence
If the organization is revealed at the lesson beginning
Then students don’t have to work as hard to understand it
Because the info processing demands have been reduced
You can teach at MORE sophisticated levels (as opposed to having to dumb-down the
curriculum)
Graphic organizers reduce
Information-processing demands
Click on pictures to view graphic organizer examples
graphic organizers serve as
Elaboration catalystsReduces information to the essential, relevant ideas
Shows relationships between ideas
Shows how information is organized
Reduces amount of language to be processed
Graphic organizers reduce
Information-processing demands
How graphic organizers make info more learnable
graphic organizers serve as
Elaboration catalystsReduces information to the essential, relevant ideas
Shows relationships between ideas
Shows how information is organized
Reduces amount of language to be processed
graphic organizers reduce
Information-processing demands
How graphic organizers make info more learnable
graphic organizers serve as
Elaboration catalysts
graphic organizers reduce
Information-processing demands
Elaboration is THE most powerful memory-enhancer of semantic info
Spontaneous exploration interrelated topics
grappling with the ideas may be ULTIMATELY MORE IMPORTANT than the information
noted on the think-sheet itself
Deciding which info is relevant & how to organize it
Recognizing the “depends on” factors
Grappling with ideas in unusual &
varied ways
Making connections to
existing beliefs, knowledge, &
experiences
Realizing there are other ways to organize the info
How graphic organizers make info more learnable
What about outlines? Aren’t they just as a good as graphic organizers?
The key is to make the ORGANIZATION of the information self-evident to the learner
Is the Organization of Information Visually Apparent?
Outline Graphic organizer
Type of information
Hierarchic Compare/contrast
Cause/effect
Linear sequence
Cycle
YES YES
NO YES
NO YES
YES YES
NO YES
Can you look at the information and see how it is organized?
What about outlines? Aren’t they just as a good as graphic organizers?
The key is to make the ORGANIZATION of the information self-evident to the learner
Outlines have a LOT of merit – Whole LOT better than nothing!
Just be selective about WHEN to use them - Effectiveness is limited to hierarchic & sequential information
So DO use them
6 Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
Makes information easier to understand
Separates the important from the trivia
Focuses on big ideas
Organization of ideas is self-evident to students
Reduces information processing demands needed to understand new information
Greatly enhances student elaboration
© 2002 Edwin S. Ellis graphicorganizers.com
1
2
3
4
5
6
Using graphic organizerswhen teaching content…
…allow you to teach information at MORE COMPLEX levels
instead of dumbing it down because kids didn’t get it”
© 2002 Edwin S. Ellis graphicorganizers.com
The power of graphic organizers comes from the nature and types of cues they provide
Anatomy of a
Graphic Organizer
Phenomena cues Strategy cues
Semantic cues
Organizational cues
Anatomy of a
Graphic Organizer
Semantic cues
visually shows info structure
Organizational cues
Phenomena cues Strategy cues
Cause / Effect
Hierarchic
Sequence
Compare / Contrast
to view samples, click on each type of organization
Anatomy of a
Graphic Organizer
Semantic cues
focuses on meaning
visually shows info structure
Organizational cues
Phenomena cues Strategy cues
Structural Cues
Generative characteristics of an idea Generative “BIG” ideas
Perspectives on an idea Topic-specific
critical understandingsPerson
Group Place Issue Event Policy War Theory Process Belief Problem Invention Thing
to view samples, click on each type of semantic cue
Anatomy of a
Graphic Organizer
Semantic cues
focuses on meaning
visually shows info structure
Organizational cues
Phenomena cues Strategy cuesvisually shows patterns of
phenomena
Chaos/control
Yin*Yang
Problem solving
Data bending
Risk Taking
Tension / Reaction
to view samples, click on each type of phenomena
Anatomy of a
Graphic Organizer
Semantic cues
focuses on meaning
visually shows info structure
Organizational cues
Phenomena cues Strategy cuesvisually shows patterns of
phenomenastrategic processes
Project-based learning
Strategic Reading
Strategic Writingto view samples, click on each type of strategy cue
Anatomy of a
Graphic Organizer
Semantic cues
focuses on meaning visually shows info
structure
Organizational cues
Phenomena cuesvisually shows patterns of
phenomena
Strategy cues
TM
Cause / Effect
Hierarchic Compare / Contrast
Sequence
Chaos/control
Data bending
Tension / Reaction
Problem solving
ConflictEvolution
strategic processes
Strategic Writing
Project-based learning
Strategic Reading
Structural Cues
Generative characteristics of an idea Generative “BIG” ideas
Perspectives on an idea Topic-specific
critical understandings
Anatomy of a
Graphic Organizer
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
7. Very strong research-basis for:
ACADEMICS Vocabulary Reading
Writing Content Math
THINKING
Critical Analytical Metacognition / Strategic
INFORMATION PROCESSINGFind relevant infoMake sense of infoRelational understanding and memory
of infoCommunicate info
EXAMPLE
8. Fosters “watering-up” the curriculum – -content is more learnable, so info can be taught at more complex levels– Makes the organization of information self-
evident to learner
Provides an array of visual & semantic cues that help the learner focus on what is important
– Focuses on relational understanding, big ideas, & real-world connections
– Maximizes student-elaboration of essential-to-understand information
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
9. Requires scaffoldingScaffolded assistance
• I do it• We do it• Y’all do it• You do it
Scaffolding complexity of the graphic organizer • simple to complex
EXAMPLE
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
10. Highly conducive to implementing critical teaching behaviors for student engagement Knowledge activation & anticipation
Frequency of correct responses
Explicit /Directive Implicit/Constructive
Quality student-directed learning experiences aligned with state curriculum standards
Reflective reviews
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
11. Facilitates “standards-based” instruction & assessment
Planning instruction around state curriculum content standards
Assessing students relational understanding of content standards
EXAMPLE
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
12. Highly conducive to innovation Integrating curriculum
Block-scheduling
Project-based, Problem-based, and Service-oriented learning
Differentiating instruction in ways that really count
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
13. Impact is NOT a function of whether a student is a “visual learner” Notion of visual vs. auditory vs.
kinesthetic learner is a GROSS over-simplification of the learning process
Student success using GOs is more a function of:
• Previous exposure to GOs• Quality of teacher-scaffolding• Complexity of subject-matter vs.
student’s background knowledge of subject-matter
• Teacher’s commitment to use GOs
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
14. Implementation is not automatic GOs are initiative for some, not at all for others
Requires …
* Leader supportFosters faculty ownership & commitment
paired with explicit expectationCreates time (and tenaciously protects) so
teachers can collaboratively plan and peer-supportReinforcement (formal & informal)
* Long-range view* Strategic implementation plans* Coaching * Data-based feedback on (1) student outcomes and (2) quality of implementation
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
More Big Ideas about Graphic Organizers
TM
© 2007 www.MakesSenseStrategies.com P.O. Box 267 Lillian, Al 36549 (251) 961-2407
Hierarchic
Cause / Effect
Compare / Contrast
Sequence
Primary
Intermediate
Middle school
High School
GRADE-LEVEL Samples organized by…
Social studies
Science
Math
SUBJECT-AREA Samples organized by…
SMARTsheets
GOsheets
TYPES of Makes Sense tools Samples organized by…
STRATEGYsheets
Process Writing
Samples by teachers & students